语法宾语从句

语法专题：宾语从句【课前引入】()1.—Jack,couldyoutellme________thereisgoingtobeameetingornot?

—Yes.It’snextMonday.A.if B.whether D.howatD.how【语法感知】IknowthattheWaterFestivalisreallyfun.Iwonderifthey’llhavetheracesagainnextyear.DoyouknowwhereIcanbuysomemedicine?CouldyoupleasetellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?Couldyoutelluswhenthegamestartsthisevening?【思考】1.这些连词引导的是什么从句？2.这些连词应该怎么用，如何选择？一、宾语从句的定义宾语：放在及物动词、及物动词短语之后，表示动作的对象。及物动词短语包含：（1）be+adj+prep（2）vi(不及物)+prepIoftenwatchTV.(名词)Iamproudofthecountry.(名词)Ilikereadingbooks.(动名词Ving)Ifindthatheisagoodboy.（句子）宾语从句：如果由一个句子放在及物动词(短语)后充当宾语,这个句子叫宾语从句。 Ibelievethathewillgetgoodgrades.(及物动词+连词+宾语从句)IwonderifhewillgotoBeijing.(及物动词+连词+宾语从句)Idon’tknowwhetherhewillgothere.(及物动词+连词+宾语从句)Iamsurethathewillehere.(be+adj+连词+宾语从句)IamproudofwhatIhavedone.(prep+连词+宾语从句)【牛刀小试】1.判断下列句子是否是宾语从句。（是：√；不是：×）1.Thathewaslatemademeangry.()2.ItisimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglish.()3.TheboywhoisstandingunderthetreeisTom.()4.Hetellsmethatheisateacher.()5.HewasdoinghomeworkwhenIwascooking.()6.IamhappythatIcanmeetyou.()7.Iamexcitedaboutwhatishappening.()二、宾语从句的连词

分类

备注

例句连词that

that本身无意义，不充当任何成分，可省略He

said

that

he

wanted

to

stay

at

home.连词whether

/

if不充当任何成分，意为“是否”，不可省略I

want

to

know

if

/

whether

he

likes

the

book.连接代词what，which，who，在宾语从句中充当主语或宾语，后面的句子不完整,不可省略He

asks

me

what

we

will

have

for

dinner.连接副词

when，where，why，how在宾语从句中充当状语，后面的句子完整,不可省略He

asked

me

how

she

could

get

to

Beijing.【注意】在下列情况下，只能用whether，不能用if

情况

例句(1)

在动词不定式之前Please

tell

us

whether

to

go

or

stay

here....orwhether

...or

not

的固定搭配中He

asked

me

whether

I

wanted

to

go

there

by

train

or

not.(3)在介词后It

depends

on

whether

it

will

be

fine.whatwhatwhowhyhowwhetherthat1.Icanbringmybooksintothefarawayhillsandshare_________Ihavewiththechildren.

2.Iwonder________IshouldgotoBeijingorShanghaiforwork.3.Ihaveaproblem,andIdonotknow______Icansolveit.4.Canyoutellme________willgowithyou?5.Ibelieve_________everythingispossibleifyouworkhard.6.Idon’tknowknow_______Ilikeit,maybeforbeautyandfreedom.三、宾语从句的语序请判断下列句子对错。Canyoutellmewhereareyoufrom?()Canyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?()Idon’tknowhowcanIgettothebusstation.()Idon’tknowhowIcangettothebusstation.()结论：宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。陈述句语序：主语+谓语eg:Shecanplaybasketball.eg:Shelikesapples.eg:Shehaswrittenabook.eg:Heisateacher.疑问句语序：助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+谓语eg:Cansheplaybasketball?eg:Doesshelikeapples?eg:Hasshewrittenthebook?eg:Isheateacher?【牛刀小试】3.语法填空()1.—Canyoutellme___________forthesummervacation?

—Whynotvolunteeratthemuseum?A.whatIshoulddo B.whatB.whatshouldIdo C.whenIshoulddo D.whenD.whenshouldIdoMr.Wang?)2.—AbouttheChineseDream,couldyoupleasetellus_________,Mr.Wang?

—Bypullingtogether.A.howB.howwemakeitetrueB.howwecanmakeitetrueC.whenD.whenemakeitetrueD.whenwecanmakeitetrue四、宾语从句的时态句式转化：(1)“Johnspeakshighlyofyou.”Tomtellsme.→TomtellsmethatJohn________highlyofme.(2)“Jimestoschoolonfooteveryday.”hesaid.→HesaidthatJim________toschoolonfooteveryday.(3)“Themoongoesaroundtheearth.”theteachersaid→Theteachersaidthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.宾语从句的时态通常由主句来决定，其用法规则可概括为：（1）主现从任（2）主过从过（3）客观真理永一现

主句从句

举例一般现在时可用根据句意选择所需的任何时态I

think

that

I

will

bee

rich

in

the

future.I

think

that

he

often

play

sports

.I

think

that

he

went

to

Beijing

yesterday.

一般过去时一般现在时

→一般过去时He

said

that

Jim

went

to

school

on

foot

every

day.He

said

that

he

was

doing

homework

.He

said

that

he

would

bee

a

teacher

in

the

future.He

said

that

he

had

written

two

books

so

far.现在进行时

→过去进行时一般将来时

→过去将来时现在完成时

→过去完成时一般过去时

→过去完成时若表示客观事实、真理、自然现象名言警句等，一律用一般现在时The

teacher

said

that

the

moon

travels

around

the

earth.【牛刀小试】4.语法填空()1.—Doyouknow__________,Alfred?

—At2:00tomorrowafternoon.A.whentheendoftermconcertbeginB.whendidtheendoftermconcertbeginC.whentheendoftermconcertwillbegin D.whenwilltheendoftermconcertbegin()2.—Guesshowlong_________.Itis516meters—overfivefootballfieldslong.

A.itisB.isit C.itwasD.wasit五、宾语从句的简化

情况

简化think,

make,

find等引导的宾语从句,可转换为简单句,即：think/make/find+宾语+宾补His

mother

found

that

he

was

a

kind

boy.=His

mother

found________________

.由连接代词who,

what,

which或连接副词when,

why,

how,

where等引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问词+不定式”结构Could

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

station?

=

Could

you

tell

me

how

________

to

the

station?当主句谓语动词是

hope，agree，choose，wish，decide，promise

等动词时，且主句和从句的主语相同时,从句可转换为“疑问词+不定式”结构

He

hopes

he

will

pass

the

exam.=

He

hopes

___________

the

exam.【巩固练习】语法选择()1.—Jack,couldyoutellme________therewillbeameetingnextweekornot?

—Yes.It’snextMonday.A.if B.whether C.that()2.—What’swrongwithyouruncle?—We’resure________somethingiswrongwithhim,butwedon’tknow________hissituationisseriousornot.

A.if;whether B.that;that C.that;whether()3.—DoyouhavetimetoetoourThanksgivingparty?—Well,Idon’tknow________.

A.thatIcanfinishmyworkbythenB.ifcanIfinishtheworkbythenC.whetherIcanfinishtheworkbythen()4.—Doyouknow________?

—At9:00tomorrowmorning.A.whenthevideomeetingbeganB.whenwillthevideomeetingbeginC.whenthevideomeetingwillbegin()5.Alwaystellyourparents________youaregoingand________youexpecttobehome.

A.what;where B.where;when C.where;what()6.—Iamwondering________.

—Myfatherwilldriveusthere.A.whywewillgototheamusementparkB.howwillwegototheamusementparkC.howwewillgototheamusementpark()7．Teenagersdon’talwaysunderstand________theirparentshavesomanyrules.A．whyB．whichC．where()8．Withthedevelopmentofthetechnology,