高二英语高二英语阅读理解体裁-说明文

PartThree

ReadingComprehension

目标层级图

掌握阅读理解说明文体裁相关内容LV.6综合

LV6

掌握阅读理解描述事实类、调杳研究类和

掌握阅读理解相关词汇和诃性变换

新生事物类说明文特征

高二英语暑假教材

2ZDEPTHLEARNING

课中讲解

说明文

所谓说明文，就是指研究自然科学与技术的文章。选材通常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的

社会问题；人文方面的经典。

◊说明文文体分类

1.描述事实类，介绍具体事物、抽象概念或普遍现象的定义、特征、类别以及发展变化。

2.训查研究类，陈述某项调查或研究的过程和结论，并提出相应的指导建议。

3.新生事物类，介绍新出现的事物或概念相对于旧事物的优势，以及目前存在的不足。

◊说明文文体特点

1.结构特点：通常在文章首段提出文章说明的对象；

2.说明方法，常会用举例、数据、下定义或对比等方法进行事物说明；

3.新生事物类文章结构，常为提出新产品一工作原理——优势介绍一未来前景；

4.调查研究类文章结构，常为提出最新研究及结论——展示研究过程——结果分析一优势。

◊说明文出题规律

1.若题目考查段落中的例子、数据或定义等内容时，可以围绕段落主旨句来进行解题，因为文中这些方法的运用均是为了

证明主旨。

2.标题题和文章主旨题的答案通常要含有本文的说明对象或其同义替换的词，否则可排除选项。

3.结构题,通常文章中的要点分为CP(centralpoint)xP(point)、SP(sub-point)、C(conclusion)0解题时需要关

注每个段落主旨大意，进行段落功能划分，同时还要关注一段当中是否存在次要点。(次要点常借助逻辑连词来划定)

一、描述事实类说明文

【典型例题讲解】

PiSometimesit'shardtoletgo.FormanyBritishpeople,thatcanapplytoinstitutionsandobjectsthatrepresenttheir

country'spast-age-oldcastles,splendidhomes...andredphoneboxes.

高二英语暑假教材

P2Beatenfirstbythemarchoftechnologyandlatelybytheterribleweatherinjunkyards（废品场）,thephoneboxes

representativeofanagearenowmakingsomethingofacomeback.Adaptedinimaginativeways,manyhavereappeared

oncitystreetsandvillagegreenshousingtinycafes,cellphonerepairshopsorevendefibrillatormachines（除颤器）.

P3Theoriginalironboxeswiththeroundroofsfirstappearedin1926.TheyweredesignedbyGilesGilbertScott,the

architectoftheBatterseaPowerStationinLondon.AfterbecominganimportantpartofmanyBritishstreets,thephone

boxesbegandisappearinginthe1980s,withtheriseofthemobilephonesendingmostofthemawaytothejunkyards.

P4Aboutthattime,IonyInglis'engneenngandtransportcompanygotthejobtoremovephoneboxesfromthestreets

andsellthemout.ButInglisendedupbuyinghundredsofthemhimself,withtheideaofrepairingandselingthem.He

saidthathehadheardthecallstopreservetheboxesandhadseenhowsomeofthemwerelistedashistoricbuildings.

PsAsInglisand,laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillages

asoeoplefoundnewusesforthem.Today,theyareonceagainafamiliarsight,playingrolesthatareoftenjustasimportant

forthecommunityastheiroriginalpurpose.

PeInruralareas,whereambulancescantakearelativelylongtimetoarrive,thephoneboxeshavetakenonalifesaving

role.Localorganizationscanadoptthemfor1poundandinstalldefibrillatorstohelpinemergencies.

P7Othersalsolookedatthephoreboxesandsawbusinessopportunities.LoveFone,acompanythatadvocates

repairingcellphonesratherthanabandoningthem,openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2016.

PsThetinyshopsmadeeconomicsense,accordingtoRobertKerr,afounderofLoveFone.Hesaidthatoneofthe

boxesgeneratedaround$13,500inrevenueamonthandcostonlyabout$400torent.

P9Inglissaidphoneboxescalledtomindanagewhenthingswerebuilttolast.ullikewhattheyaretopeople,andI

enjoybringingthingsback,"hesaid.

1.对文章进行结构框架/段落分析

P1P3耕述了电话亭的出现以及消失的原因

P4-P9电话亭又盛行的原因

2.语料积累

（1）词汇：

1）FormanyBritishpeople,thatcanapplytoinstitutionsandobjectsthatrepresenttheircountry'spast-age-oldcastles,

splendidhomes...andredphoneboxes.

apply[aplai]v.

应用

【词性转换1】

Duetowidespreadapplicationof5Gtechnology,moreremotesurgicaloperationsarelikelytobecarriedoutacrosslong

distances.

4I的*⑥.6❹

Theinformationyougiveintheapplicationformistoogeneral.Youshouldfocusonsomethingspecialaboutyourself.

Makingyournewbusinesssuccessfulrequiresluck,patienceandapplication,soyoushouldworkwithgreatattentionand

effort.

变形:词性：词义：

application,n.应用;申请;努力;

【词性转换2】

Interestedapplicants,whomustbe18yearsorolderandingoodhealth,canapplyforthecontestthroughtheAirbnb

weosite.

变形:词性：词义：

applicant,n.申请人

2)Adaptedinimaginativeways,man/havereappearedoncitystreetsandvillagegreenshousingtinycafes,cellphone

repairshopsorevendefibrillatormachines.

adapt[Qdaept]v.

改造，改装

【词性转换1】

WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonother

planets.

变形:词性：词义：

adaptive;adj.适应的

【词性转换2】

Hunanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthemostsensible

formofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.

Inthepastyear,TVadaptationshavehelpedtoboostsalesofbooks.

变形:词性：词义：

adaptation,n.适应;改编

3)AsInglisand,laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphonsboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillages

aspeoplefoundnewusesforthem.

repurpose[ri:p3：pas]v.

改变......的用途

【词性转换1】

Thoughwithoutanyevidence,thepolicethoughttheaccidentmighthavebeencausedonpurpose.

变形:词性：词义：

purpose,n.目的，意图

【词性转换2】

高二英语暑假教材

Ahalf-hourpurposefulwalkfivetimesaweekwillloweryourriskofheaddisease,diabetesandstrokes.

变形:词性：词义：

purposeful,adj.有明确目的的

【词性转换3】

Stillinshock!Imovedaroundthehousepurposelesslytryingtodecidewhattoputintothesuitcases

变形:词性：词义：

purposelessly,adv.没有明确目标地

【词性转换3】

It'seasytoassumethatyourchildispurposelyusingbadmanners,when,infact,hejustneedsalessonortwo.

变物词性：词义：

purposely/purposefully,adv,故意地

4)Inruralareas,whereambulancescantakearelativelylongtimetoarrive,thephoneboxeshavetakenonalifesaving

role.

relatively[relstivli]adv.

相5寸而言地

【词性转换1】

Thereisatraditioninmyfamily.OnNewYear'sEve,allmyrelativeswillcometoourhouseforafeast.

变形:词性：词义：

relative,n.亲戚

【词性转换2】

Expertsbelievethatlargenumbersofcancercasesinthisareaaredirectlyrelativetonuclearpowerstation.

变形:词性：词义：

relative,adj.相关的

【词性转换3】

Ananisbeingquestionedinrelationtotheattemptedmurderlastnight.

变形:词性：词义：

relation,n.关于

【词性转换4】

Ourphysicalhealthiscloselyrelatedtoourmentalhealth.

Whenchildrenserveothers,theylearntorelatetosomeoneelse'sgreaterneedandtocareaboutotherpeople.

变形:词性：词义：

6,NDEPTHLEARN,NG

relate,v.有关：理解、共鸣:

5)Thetinyshopsmadeeconomicsense,accordingtoRobertKerr,afounderofLoveFone.

founder[faunde]n.

创办人

【词性转换1】

TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.

变形:词性：词义：

found,v,创办

【词性转换1】

70,000pigeonswerereleasedinTian'anmenSquareonOct1tomarkthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople's

ReoublicofChina.

变形:词性：词义：

founding,n.创立

(2)短语

1)AfterbecominganimportantpartofmanyBritishstreets,thephoneboxesbegandisappearinginthe1980s,withthe

riseofthemobilephonesendingmostofthemawaytothejunkyards.

withtheriseof________________

随着……的崛起

【例句】

Itisacurrentbeliefthatwiththeriseofartificialintelligence(Al),manypeople'sjobsarelikelytobelost.

2)ButInglisendedupbuyinghundredsofthemhimself,withtheideaofrepairingandsellingthem.

endup

以……结束

【例句】

Determinationisthemostimportantofallthevirtuesbecausewithoutdetermination,youwillendupdoingnothing.

Manygraduatesnowendupwithajobthatisnotwhattheyhavebeentrainedfor.

3)Inruralareas,whereambulancescantakearelativelylongtimetoarrive,thephoneboxeshavetakenonalifesaving

role.

takeon________________

承担、呈现、接纳、雇佣

【例句1】

高二英语暑假教材

Someinsectstakeonthecoloroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.

【例句2】

Twoyoungmenwilltakeonaseven-daychallengetosurviveinthewildwithoutanyfood,waterorsupplies.

【例句3】

Theyarenotalwayswillingtotakeonuntrainedworkers,butthere'snoharminasking.

3.长难句分析

Today,theyareonceagainafamiliarsight,playingrolesthatareoftenjustasimportantforthecommunityastheiroriginal

purpose.

语法分析：非谓语palying作伴随状语+定语从句that引导，修饰rolcs+as…as...同级比较

翻译:如今，他们再次成为人们熟悉的景象，在社区扮演着和原来一样重要的角色。

4.阅读理解

(1)Thephoneboxesaremakingacomeback.

A.:oformabeautifulsightofthecityB.toimprovetelecommunicationsservices

C.toremindpeopleofahistoricalperodD.tomeettherequirementofgreeneconomy

(2)Whydidthephoneboxesbegintogooutofserviceinthe1980s?

A.Theywerenotwell-designed.B.Theyprovidedbadservices.

C.Theyhadtooshortahistory.D.Theylosltonewtechnologies.

(3)Thephoneboxesarebecomingpopularmainlybecauseof.

A.:heirnewappearanceandlowerprcesB.thepushofthelocalorganizations

C.theirchangedrolesandfunctionsD.thebigfendingofthebusinessmen

【过关检测】

PassageA☆☆

Susancouldn'thelpit.Sheandherfriendsbeganlunchwithcheese.Thentheyatecheeseburgersand

drankmilk.Thingsseemedfine,butthensuddenlySusan'sstomachstartedmakingnoise.Herstomachhurt,and,racing

totherestroom,shehadterriblegas!Shewassoashamed.Shehadbeensoexcitedtogotolunchwithher

friendsthatshetotallyforgottowatchhowmanydairyproducts(奶制品)sheate!Susanislactose

intolerant(乳糖不而1受的)，andeatingtoomanydairyfoodscanmakeherfeelreallysick.

IN-DEPTHLEARNING

8IMMAQEMENTSYSTEM

Lactoseintolerancemeansthatthebodycan'teasilydigest(消化)aspecialsugarcalledlactose.Unfortunately

forSusanandmillionsofotherpeoplewiththisproblem,lactoseisfoundinalmostalldairyproducts-cheese,milk

andicecream.

Ourbodyuseslactase(乳糖酵素)tobreaklactoseintoasimplerformofsugar.Oncelactoseisbroken

down,it'seasytodigestanditprovidesgreatenergyforthebodyButpeoplelikeSusandon'thaveenough

lactasetobreakdownallthelactosetheytakein.So,abouthalfanhourtotwohoursaftereatingdairy-rich

foods,theirstomachsbegintohurtandtheyhavegas,makingtheirstomachsgetbigger.Sometimestheyeven

getdiarrhea(腹泻)whentheyeattoomanydairyfoods.

Sohowcansomeonelivingv/iththisproblemstilleatoutwithhisorhertriends?Herearesometips.It

you'regoingtoeatadairy-richfocdlikeicecream,eatsomethingthatdoesn'thaveanydairywithit,likea

saladorasandwichwithoutcheese.Thiswillhelpslowdigestion,andyourbodywillhavetimetocreatemore

lactase.

(1)Whatcancauselactoseintolerance?

A.Ashortageoflactose.B.Eatingtoolittlesugar.

C.Slowdigestionofdairyproducts.D.Poordigestionofanyfoodyoueat.

(2)Whatdoweknowaboutlactose?

A.tisfoundinalmostallfoods.B.Itisverynecessaryforthebody.

C.Itishardforsomepeopletobreakdown.D.Itchangesitsformonceitisinthebody.

(3)Whatisaresultoflactoseintolerance?

A.Theheadache.B.Thestomachache.C.Thefeelingofhunger.D.Thefeelingoftiredness.

(4)WhatwouldbethebestadviceforSusan?

A.Enjoyeatingdairy-richfoods.B.Avoideatingoutwithherfriends.

C.Takedigestionpillstospeedupdigestion.D.Eatdairy-freeanddiary-richfoodstogether.

PassageB☆☆☆

Theamountofplasticgarbagethatflowsintotheoceaneveryyearisexpectedtobenearlythreetimes

by2040.Nooneknowsforcertainhowmuchplastichasgatheredintheseas.Thebestguess,madein2015,

wasabout150milliontons.Assumingthingsremainthesame,thestudyestimatesthatplasticgarbagewill

become600milliontonsby2040.

Thoughwedon'tknowexactlyhowmuchplasticisintheocean,wedoknowmoreaboutwhatdrivesthe

grcwthofplasticwaste.Globalpopulationgrowthandtheincreasingplasticproductionaccountforpartofit.Per

personuseisontherise,especiallyindevelopingnations.Finally,cheaprawplasticenablesashiftinto

prcductionofanincreasingnumberoflow-valueplasticproductsthatarenotrecyclable,addingtothelarge

numberofplasticsthatgouncollected.

"Weareataforkintheroad,"saysNicholasMallos,anenvironmentalist."Industryhasbeensaying,*We're

goingtodobetter?Governmentshavetakensteps.Totheworld,itisobviousthatourcurrenteffortsalonewill

notbeenough.Theglobaltrackisgoinginthewrongdirection.Clearly,weneedafundamentalrethinkingofour

relationshipwiththismaterial."

Recyclingisoneofthemosteffectivemeansofreducingtheuseofplastic,butfirstithastobe

collected,andtodaytwobillionpeoplelackaccesstowastecollecdonsystems.By2040thatnumberwilldouble

tofourbillion,mostlyinruralareasinmiddle-andlow-incomecountries.Closingthecollectiongapand

高二英语暑假教材

connectingthemtoagarbagesystemrequireconnecting500C00peopleaday,everyday,betweennow

and2040.Thatisapromisingfutureandgoodluckwiththat.

(1)Whatpushesthegrowthofplasticwaste?

A.Globalindustrygrowth.B.Recyclableplasticproducts.

C.TheincreasingplasticproductionD.Apopulationshiftindevelopingnations.

(2)WhatdoesNicholasMallosagreeinParagraph3?

A.Humansareontheroadtoatofk.

B.Theglobaleffortsareeffective.

C.Industryhasplayedanimportantrole.

D.Worldwidemeasuresarenotmakingenoughprogress.

(3)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsplasticrecycling?

A.Positive.B.Objective.C.Doubtful.D.Worried.

(4)What'sthemainideaofthetext?

A.Dlasticgarbageisflowingintoth?seas.

B.Elasticwasteintotheseasrequireseffectivesolution.

C.Recyclingisthemosteffectivemeansofreducingtheplastic.

D.Theincreasingplasticproductionleadstotheseriousproblem.

笔记区

二、调查研究类说明文

【典型例题讲解】

PiSomeparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildren

withmath-relatedskills.

P2PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatial(空间立体)skills.Puzzleplaywas

foundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income,educationand

theamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

P3Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfound

chidrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54months

ofage.

10脖吟中"AMNG-〃财

P4"Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirability

torotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,"Levinesaidinastatement.

PsTheparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudy

playedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,and

bothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplex

puzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythan

parentsofgirls.

PeThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

1.对文章进行结构框架/段落分析

P1给出一个结论玩智力游戏对儿童数学相关技能的帮助

P2-P3介绍玩智力游戏的研究考虑的因素，研究的过程

P4-P6研究的结果

2.语料积累

(1)词汇：

(1)词汇：

1)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildren

withmath-relatedskills.

puzzle[PAZQI]n.

益智游戏；困惑；谜

【词性转换1】

Idon'tthinkyourlecturegetacrosstotheaudience,fortheyappearedquitepuzzled.

变形:词性：词义：

puzzled,adj,困惑的

【词性转换2】

Thepuzzledlookonthestudent'sfacesuggestedthatyourpuzzlingquestionmadehimpuzzled.

变形:词性：词义：

puzzling,adj.令人困惑的

【词性转换3】

Theideaofcultureshockhelpsexplainfeelingofpuzzlementandconfusion.

变形:词性：词义：

高二英语暑假教材

puzzlement,n.困惑

2）Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition（认知）aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income,

educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

predictor[padikta]n.

可以作出预测的事物

【词性转换1】

Eventhoughweliveinahigh-techage,it'sstillimpossibletopredicttheweatheraccurately.

变形:词性：词义：

predict,v.,预测

【词性转换2】

Inordertoconfirmhisprediction,hedefinitelyneedstodomoreresearchandsurvey.

变形:词性：词义：

prediction,n.,预测

3）Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilityto

rotate（旋转）andtranslateshapes,

assess[s'ses]v.

睇

【词性转换】

Inshort,weneedacomprehensiveassessmentofthegeneticallymodifiedfoodtobetteraddresstheproblemweare

facedwith.

变形:词性：词义：

assessment,n.,评估

4）However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,

complex[kompleks]adj.

复杂的

【词性转换1】

DuringthisperiodDalewasslowlydevelopinganinferioritycomplex,whichhismotherknewcouldpreventhimfrom

achievinghisrealpotential.

Situatedoncliffsaboveariver,Horgyadongisastilt（桩子）housecomplexinChongqing.

变形:词性：词义：

12的9%中”ARNING⑥.63成0而.❹

complex,n.情结:建筑群

【词性转换2】

Wearetryingtoteachstudentstoreadincreasinglycomplextexts,notforemotionalpunch(碰撞)butfortextcomplexity.

Yel,wecannotenrichthemindsofourstudentsbytestingthemontextsthatignoretheirhearts.

变形:词性：词义：

complexity,n.错综复杂

3.长难句分析

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildren

whoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.

语法分析：这个句子结合了定从，宾从和时间状语从句。主句用了and并列analyzed和found+宾语从句(childrenhave

betterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage),同时宾从中嵌套了一个修饰宾从主语children的定语从句。

翻译：研究人员分析了53对亲子在家中的日常活动的视频记录，发现26至46个月大玩拼图游戏的孩子在54个月大的时

候有更好的空间技能。

4.阅读理解

(1)Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

(2)WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?

A.Parents'age.B.Children'simagination.

C.Parents'education.D.Child-parentrelationship.

(3)Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.

C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.

(4)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.

C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.

【过关检测】

PassageA☆☆☆

高二英语暑假教材

AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureating

companionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavier

peoplewhoorderlargeportions(份)，it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.

Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95

undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovie

vieuvership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchers

grabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhaltthecasessheworeaspecially

designedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefood

thantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,she

took30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandy

whenthethinactortook30pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellow

participantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe'THhavewhatshe'shaving"effect.However,welladjusttheinfluence.

Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalazgeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifa

thinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,wiycan'tI?

(1)Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A.二。。dsafety.B.Movieviewership.

C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"beanpoles"inparagraph1referto?

A.3igeaters.B.Overweightpersons.

C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.

(3)Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?

A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.

C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.

(4)Onwhatbasisdowe"adjusttheinfluence"accordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.

C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.

PassageB☆☆☆☆

Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrain

staysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage

75andassessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientists

askedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.

Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthe

tests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(认知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallenging

jobs.TheresultsheldtrueevenafterIhescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants'overallhealthstatus.

14附9%5LEARNING62/0所，始

"Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,BsaysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy."Afteralongrun,youmayfeellike

you'reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,you