2025届广东省云浮市高三下学期第二次调研模拟测试英语试题【含答案解析】

2025届云浮市高三第二次调研模拟测试高三英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANATIONALGEOGRAPHICTheStoriesBehind3ofthePhotosfromOurPicturesoftheYearEachyear,NationalGeographicwillpublishaspecialissuetoshowcasesomeoftheimpressiveimagestakenaroundtheglobetocelebratethehigh-qualityphotography.Thisyear,49wereselectedasthebestphotosoftheyearoutofmillionsofimages,andthephotoeditorsgiveaglimpsebehindthescenesof3imagesincludedin2024PicturesoftheYearannualspecialissue.Qanaaq,Greenland//KiliiiYüyanPhotographerKiliiiYüyanisnostrangertodocumentingthedailylivesofnativepeoplesandtheissuestheyfacearoundtheworld.HecommitshimselftocapturingsurprisinganduniqueimagesforeachstorywhilehiscolleagueMalloryhasquitintheirtracks.Inhisstory,twocousinspushstrollers(婴儿车)acrossasnowyplaininGreenlandontheirwaytoannualdogsledraces.Thestoryitselfchallengesreaderstothinkabouthowtotreattheirecosystem(生态系统)withoutdestroyingitandgivesmoreinsightintothedailylivesofInuitwomen.CanaryIslands,Spain//CarstenPeterIt’shardtocapturethespeed,texture,andsenseofdangeroflava(岩浆)flowingfromavolcaniceruption,butthat’swhatphotographerCarstenPeterachievedwiththisimage.Hedocumentedthe85-dayeruptionforNationalGeographic,andthenreturnedtofocusonthedamageandonthescientificfieldworkthathadbeendoneoncetheslow-movinglavahadcooled.Minneriya,SriLanka//BrentStirtonPhotographerprovidedawindowintotheseanimals’lives,whichshehopeswillincreaseawarenessandstirupsympathy(同情)throughthephoto.TheimagewastoughtocapturenotonlybecauseStirtonneededtogetclosetothewildanimalsfortheframebutalsobecauseitwasachallengingtimetoworkinSriLanka.Thegovernmentwasfallingapartineconomiccrisis.“Ithinkthere’sanopportunitytoshowpeopleasideofanimalstheymayhavenotseenbefore,”shesays.Formorepicturesandstories,pleaseclick:.1Whoseimagecaresaboutpeople’slife?A.Mallory’s. B.CarstenPeter’s.C.KiliiiYüyan’s. D.BrentStirton’s.2.Whatsharedfeaturesdothesethreepictureshave?A.Theyalltakeeffortsandpatience.B.Theyareallabouttheenvironment.C.Theyallprovideawindowintoanimals’lives.D.Theyallmakeadifferencetoscientificfieldwork.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Ageographymagazine. B.Anacademicarticle.C.Aphotographymanual. D.Aphotographywebsite.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了国家地理杂志评选出的年度最佳照片，并简要描述了其中三张照片背后的故事。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Qanaaq,Greenland部分中的“PhotographerKiliiiYüyanisnostrangertodocumentingthedailylivesofnativepeoplesandtheissuestheyfacearoundtheworld.(摄影师KiliiiYüyan对记录土著人民的日常生活以及他们在世界各地面临的问题并不陌生)”可知，KiliiiYüyan的照片关心人们的生活。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Qanaaq,Greenland部分中的“HecommitshimselftocapturingsurprisinganduniqueimagesforeachstorywhilehiscolleagueMalloryhasquitintheirtracks.(他致力于为每个故事捕捉令人惊讶和独特的图像，而他的同事Mallory已经退出了他们的轨道)”、CanaryIslands,Spain部分中的“Hedocumentedthe85-dayeruptionforNationalGeographic,thenreturnedtofocusonthedamageandonthescientificfieldworkthathadbeendoneoncetheslow-movinglavahadcooled.(他为《国家地理》杂志记录了85天的火山喷发，然后又把注意力集中在破坏和缓慢移动的熔岩冷却后所做的科学实地调查上)”以及Minneriya,SriLanka部分中的“TheimagewastoughtocapturenotonlybecauseStirtonneededtogetclosetothewildanimalsfortheframebutalsobecauseitwasachallengingtimetoworkinSriLanka.(这张照片很难拍摄，不仅因为Stirton需要近距离拍摄野生动物，还因为在斯里兰卡工作是一个充满挑战的时期)”可知，每张照片都描述了摄影师为了捕捉这些独特瞬间所付出的努力，因此这些都需要摄影师付出大量的努力和耐心。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Thisyear,49wereselectedasthebestphotosoftheyearoutofmillionsofimages,andthephotoeditorsgiveaglimpsebehindthescenesof3imagesincludedin2024PicturesoftheYearannualspecialissue.(今年，从数百万张图片中选出了49张年度最佳照片，照片编辑们将一窥2024年度图片特刊中3张图片的幕后)”可知，这篇文章介绍了《国家地理》杂志评选出的年度最佳照片，并简要描述了其中三张照片背后的故事，再结合最后一段“Formorepicturesandstories,pleaseclick:.(更多图片和故事，请点击)”可知，文章选自摄影网站。故选D。BScientistshavesuccessfullyrecoveredRNA,aformofgeneticmaterial,fromtheremainsoftheTasmaniantiger,anextinctAustraliananimal.ThediscoverycouldhelpscientistslearnmoreaboutthesecreaturesbeforetheydisappearedfromEarth.TheresearchersextractedtherecoveredRNAfromtheskinandmuscleofaTasmaniantigerspecimen(标本)storedinaSwedishmuseumsince1891.ThisisthefirsttimeRNAhasbeensuccessfullyrecoveredfromanextinctanimal.TheTasmaniantigerwasonceatoppredator,knownforhuntingkangaroosandotheranimals.ThelastknownTasmaniantigerisbelievedtohavediedinaTasmanianzooin1936.EmilioMármolSánchez,fromtheCentreforPalaeogenetics,ledthestudydescribingtheseresearchresults.SánchezbelievesthattherecoveredRNAmaterialprovidesaglimpseintothetruebiologyoftheTasmaniantiger,offeringinsightsintothecellsandtissuesoftheseextinctcreatures.WhileScientistshaveinrecentyearstakenRNAfromdifferentancientanimalsandplants,howlongRNAcouldsurviveatroomtemperaturehasbeenasubjectofdebateamongresearchers.Thewell-preservedconditionoftheTasmaniantigerremains,whichwereinastateofsemi-mummification(半木乃伊化),suggeststhatRNAcansurviveforlongerperiodsundercertainconditions.TheTasmaniantigerlookedsimilartoawolf,exceptforthetiger-likelinesappearingonitsback.WhenpeoplearrivedinAustraliaabout50,000yearsago,largeanimalpopulationlossesfollowed.ThearrivalofEuropeancolonizersinthe18thcenturydestroyedtheremainingpopulationsaroundtheislandofTasmania.Private“de-extinction”programshavebeenlaunchedwiththeaimofbringingbacksomeextinctanimals.TheseincludetheTasmaniantiger,flightlessdodobirdandwoolymammoth.However,manyresearchershavewarnedaboutthedifficultiesofusinggeneticprocessestoactuallyrecreateanextinctspecies.WhileSánchezsaidhetoohasconcernsaboutsuchprocesses,henotedthathedoes“advocateformoreresearchonthebiologyoftheseextinctanimals.”4.WhatcanbegainedaboutTasmaniantigersfromtherecoveredRNAmaterial?A.Thegeneticmakeup. B.Thesocialbehavior.C.Thepreferredhabitats. D.Themigrationpatterns.5.WhatmayscientistsstronglyargueaboutregardingRNA?A.ItscloserelationshiptoDNA.B.Itsrecoveryfromanextinctanimal.C.Itssurvivaltimeatroomtemperature.D.Itslifeprocessundercertainconditions.6.WhatisSánchez’sopiniononde-extinctionprograms?A.Heconsidersitimpossibletorecreateextinctspecies.B.Heopposesthemandseesdifficultiesintheresearch.C.Hethinkstheyarepromisingbutneedmoreresearch.D.Hetakesgeneticpreservationmeasuresmoreseriously.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheChallengesofBiologicalResearchofExtinctAnimalsB.ThePotentialBenefitsfromTasmanianTigerRemainsC.TheBiologicalSecretsoftheExtinctTasmanianTigerD.TheRecoveryofRNAfromTasmanianTigerRemains【答案】4.A5.C6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了科学家们成功地从已灭绝的塔斯马尼亚虎的遗骸中找回了RNA，更好地了解了这种动物的组织和细胞，并补充了与该研究相关的“反灭绝”项目的情况。4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“SánchezbelievesthattherecoveredRNAmaterialprovidesaglimpseintothetruebiologyoftheTasmaniantiger,offeringinsightsintothecellsandtissuesoftheseextinctcreatures.(Sánchez认为，找回的RNA材料提供了对塔斯马尼亚虎的真实生物学的一瞥，提供了对这些灭绝生物的细胞和组织的见解)”可知，从找回的RNA材料中可以了解塔斯马尼亚虎的生物细胞和组织，即基因构造情况。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“WhileScientistshaveinrecentyearstakenRNAfromdifferentancientanimalsandplants,howlongRNAcouldsurviveatroomtemperaturehasbeenasubjectofdebateamongresearchers.(虽然近年来科学家们从不同的古代动植物中提取了RNA，但RNA在室温下能存活多久一直是研究人员争论的话题)”可知，科学家们强烈争论的是RNA在室温下的存活时间。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“SánchezbelievesthattherecoveredRNAmaterialprovidesaglimpseintothetruebiologyoftheTasmaniantiger,offeringinsightsintothecellsandtissuesoftheseextinctcreatures.(Sánchez认为，找回的RNA材料提供了对塔斯马尼亚虎的真实生物学的一瞥，提供了对这些灭绝生物的细胞和组织的见解)”和最后一段中“WhileSánchezsaidhetoohasconcernsaboutsuchprocesses,henotedthathedoes“advocateformoreresearchonthebiologyoftheseextinctanimals.”(虽然Sánchez表示他也对这些过程感到担忧，但他指出，他确实“主张对这些灭绝动物的生物学进行更多研究”)”可知，Sánchez认为这项研究可以帮助人们了解塔斯马尼亚虎的真实生物学情况，并主张对灭绝动物开展更多研究。由此可知，他会认为这些“反灭绝”项目很有前景，但需要更多的研究。故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们成功地从已灭绝的塔斯马尼亚虎的遗骸中找回了RNA，更好地了解了这种动物的组织和细胞，此外还补充了与此相关的“反灭绝”项目的情况。结合第一段“ScientistshavesuccessfullyrecoveredRNA,aformofgeneticmaterial,fromtheremainsoftheTasmaniantiger,anextinctAustraliananimal.ThediscoverycouldhelpscientistslearnmoreaboutthesecreaturesbeforetheydisappearedfromEarth.(科学家们成功地从一种已灭绝的澳大利亚动物塔斯马尼亚虎的遗骸中恢复了RNA，这是一种遗传物质。这一发现可以帮助科学家在这些生物从地球上消失之前更多地了解它们)”可知，D项“从塔斯马尼亚虎遗骸中找回RNA”契合文章主旨，最适合作为标题。故选D项。CRecently,researchersinBostonstudiedstudentslivingincollegedormsduringaheatwave.Somehadcentralair-conditioningandsleptatacool71degreesFahrenheit.Otherssleptinroomswithoutair-conditioning,wherethetemperaturestayedaround80degreesFahrenheit.Eachmorningfornearlytwoweeks,thestudentstookafewtests.“Theeffectonthesecondgroupwasreallystriking,”saysstudyauthorCedeñoLaurent,“andthat’sexactlywhatheatappearstobedoing.Wesawreductionsintheorderof10%intheirresponsetimeandalsotheiraccuracy.”Partofthiseffectmaybeexplainedbyinterruptedsleep.Itcanbehardtogetagoodnight’srestifyou’renotaccustomedtotheheat,andalackofsleepcouldcertainlyimpairreactiontimeandfocus.Butthere’smuchevidencesuggestingitmaybesomethingabouttheheatitselfthataffectscognition(认知).A2021studyshowedthatasthetemperaturerose,activityintheparasympatheticnervoussystem,theanti-stresssystemthatcanhelpusstaycalmandrelaxed,waslowered.Multiplefactorslikelyexplainhowheatworsenstherisks,beyondchangesinstresshormones(激素)andsleepdisturbances.Researcherssuggestthatheatcanmakeyoumoodyorangry,partlyperhapsbyraisingcortisol(皮质醇)levelsandcausingastressresponse.Plus,oxygensaturation(饱和)levelsinthebloodareloweraswell,whichtheresearcherssaidcouldbeexpectedtoresultinreducedcognitiveperformance.Otherstudieshavefoundaneffectfromheatonofficeworkersandonstandardizedtestscoreperformance.“Aswelearntoliveinawarmingworldwherethesummersaregettinghotter,weneedtobeextrawatchfultorecognizewhenconditionsaredangerousandtakestepstostaysafe,”saysCalebDresser,whoservesasthedirectorofhealthcaresolutionsattheHarvardChanCentreforClimate,HealthandGlobalEnvironment.8.WhatcanbeinferredfromLaurent’swords?A.Hightemperaturemayincreaseproductivity. B.Air-conditionersplayavitalroleinthetests.C.Peoplereactdifferentlytoafixedtemperature. D.Studentsinthehotterroomsperformedworse.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impair”mean?A.Expose. B.Influence. C.Worsen. D.Reflect.10.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Academiclearningiscloselylinkedtoweather. B.Heatcanslowcognitionandincreaseanxiety.C.Poorcognitiveperformancecanbeimproved. D.Badweatherresultsinreducedproductivity.11.WhatdoesCalebDresserimply?A.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtoheat. B.Humansareexposedtoglobalwarming.C.Somethingmustbedonetostaycool. D.Heat-basedresearchisindemand.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，高温环境对学生的表现产生了负面影响，这种影响可能不仅是睡眠被打扰所致，还可能与高温本身对认知能力产生的影响有关。其他研究也发现了类似的结果：高温对办公室工作人员和标准化考试成绩都有负面影响。文章最后引述专家的观点，强调了在变暖的世界中我们应当更加重视高温对健康的影响，并采取相应的预防措施。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中““Theeffectonthesecondgroupwasreallystriking,”saysstudyauthorCedeñoLaurent,“andthat’sexactlywhatheatappearstobedoing.Wesawreductionsintheorderof10%intheirresponsetimeandalsotheiraccuracy.”(研究作者CedeñoLaurent说：“对第二组的影响非常显著，这正是热量所起的作用。我们发现他们的反应时间和准确性都减少了10%。”)”可推知，学生在较热的房间中表现较差。故选D。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Wesawreductionsintheorderof10%intheirresponsetimeandalsotheiraccuracy.(我们看到他们的反应时间和准确性都减少了10%)”以及第二段中“Itcanbehardtogetagoodnight’srestifyou’renotaccustomedtotheheat,andalackofsleepcouldcertainly”可知，一个人如果不习惯高温，晚上很难睡个好觉，且睡眠不足肯定会对反应时间和注意力有不好的影响。因此，impair在这里的意思是“恶化”，即，高温环境对学生的反应时间和专注力有不好的影响。故选C。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Multiplefactorslikelyexplainhowheatworsenstherisks,beyondchangesinstresshormones(激素)andsleepdisturbances.Researcherssuggestthatheatcanmakeyoumoodyorangry,partlyperhapsbyraisingcortisol(皮质醇)levelsandcausingastressresponse.Plus,oxygensaturation(饱和)levelsinthebloodareloweraswell,whichtheresearcherssaidcouldbeexpectedtoresultinreducedcognitiveperformance.Otherstudieshavefoundaneffectfromheatonofficeworkersandonstandardizedtestscoreperformance.(除了压力荷尔蒙的变化和睡眠障碍之外，还有很多因素可以解释高温如何加剧风险。研究人员表示，高温会让你情绪低落或生气，部分原因可能是皮质醇水平升高，导致压力反应。此外，血液中的氧饱和度水平也较低，研究人员表示，这可能会导致认知能力下降。其他研究也发现了高温对办公室职员和标准化考试成绩的影响)”可知，第三段主要说的是高温对认知能力和焦虑感的不良影响。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Aswelearntoliveinawarmingworldwherethesummersaregettinghotter,weneedtobeextrawatchfultorecognizewhenconditionsaredangerousandtakestepstostaysafe,”saysCalebDresser,whoservesasthedirectorofhealthcaresolutionsattheHarvardChanCentreforClimate,HealthandGlobalEnvironment.(哈佛大学陈气候、健康和全球环境中心卫生保健解决方案主任凯莱布·德莱塞说：“随着我们学会生活在一个夏季越来越热的变暖世界，我们需要格外警惕，意识到情况何时危险，并采取措施保持安全。”)”可推知，CalebDresser的观点是应该更加重视高温的影响，以便采取相应的预防和保护措施。故选A。DAdvancesinAIandmachinelearninghavesparkedinterestfromgovernmentsthatwouldliketousethesetoolsforpatrolling(巡查)purposefullybeforehandtopreventcrime.However,earlyeffortsatcrimepredictionhavebeencontroversial,becausetheydonotallowforsystematicbiases(偏见)inpoliceenforcementanditscomplexrelationshipwithcrimeandsociety.UniversityofChicago(UC)dataandsocialscientistshavedevelopedanewalgorithm(算法)thatforecastscrimebylearningpatternsintimeandgeographiclocationsfrompublicdataonviolentandpropertycrimes.Ithasdemonstratedsuccessatpredictingfuturecrimesoneweekinadvancewithapproximately90%accuracy.ThenewtoolwastestedandvalidatedusinghistoricaldatafromtheCityofChicagoaroundtwobroadcategoriesofreportedevents:violentcrimesandpropertycrimes.Thenewmodelisolatescrimebylookingatthetimeandspatialcoordinates(坐标)ofseparateeventsanddetectingpatternstopredictfutureevents.Itdividesthecityintospatialsectionsroughly1,000feetacrossandpredictscrimewithintheseareasinsteadofrelyingontraditionalneighborhoodorpoliticalboundaries,whicharealsosubjecttobias.ThemodelperformedjustaswellwithdatafromsevenotherUScities.IshanuChattopadhyay,seniorauthorofthestudy,iscarefultonotethatthetool’saccuracydoesnotmeanthatitshouldbeusedtodirectlawenforcement,withpolicedepartmentsusingittoflocktoneighborhoodsaheadoftimetostopcrime.Instead,itshouldbeaddedtoatoolboxofurbanpoliciesandpolicingstrategiestoaddresscrime.“Wecreatedadigitaltwinofurbanenvironments.Ifyoufeeditdatafromwhathappenedinthepast,itwilltellyouwhat’sgoingtohappeninfuture.It’snotmagical;therearelimitations,butwetesteditanditworkswell,”Chattopadhyaysaid.“Nowyoucanusethisasamodeltooltoseewhathappensifcrimegoesupinonearea,orthereisincreasedenforcementinanotherarea.Ifyouapplyallthesedifferentdata,youcanseehowthesystemevolvesinresponse.”12.WhatinformationwoulddataandsocialscientistsinUCcollect?A.Periodsoftrafficjams. B.Itemsoflostandfound.C.Theftsandrobberiesonthestreet. D.Casualty(伤亡)intrafficaccidents.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“validated”inParagraph3mean?A.Confirmed. B.Modified. C.Classified. D.Abandoned.14.What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisnewtool.B.Theprinciplesandgoodperformancesofthisnewtool.C.Positivefeedbackfromsomeotherexpertsinthisfield.D.ThehardprocessofChattopadhyay’sdevelopingthistool.15.WhatcanweknowfromChattopadhyay’sopiniononthetool’suse?A.Hedoesnotthinkit’saccurateenoughtoputintouse.B.Thelimitationsaretoberemovedforabetterperformance.C.Thepolicedepartmentcanwhollyrelyonittopreventcriminals.D.Itcanbeofhelpwhentheauthoritymakepoliciesconcerningcrimes.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了芝加哥大学的数据和社会科学家开发了一种新算法，该算法通过从公开的暴力和财产犯罪数据中学习时间和地理位置模式来预测犯罪。它已成功地提前一周预测未来犯罪，准确率约为90%。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“UniversityofChicago(UC)dataandsocialscientistshavedevelopedanewalgorithmthatforecastscrimebylearningpatternsintimeandgeographiclocationsfrompublicdataonviolentandpropertycrimes.(芝加哥大学的数据和社会科学家研发了一种新算法，该算法通过从公开的暴力和财产犯罪数据中学习时间和地理位置模式来预测犯罪)”可知，芝加哥大学的数据和社会科学家将收集有关街头盗窃和抢劫的信息。故选C项。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词前“Thenewtoolwastested(新工具经过测试)”及划线词后“usinghistoricaldatafromtheCityofChicagoaroundtwobroadcategoriesofreportedevents:violentcrimesandpropertycrimes.(使用芝加哥市关于两大类报道事件的历史数据：暴力犯罪和财产犯罪)”可推知，该新工具使用芝加哥市关于暴力犯罪和财产犯罪两大类报告事件的历史数据是为了进行测试和验证，故划线词与confirmed“证明，证实”意义相近。故选A项。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Thenewmodelisolatescrimebylookingatthetimeandspatialcoordinatesofseparateeventsanddetectingpatternstopredictfutureevents.Itdividesthecityintospatialsectionsroughly1,000feetacrossandpredictscrimewithintheseareasinsteadofrelyingontraditionalneighborhoodorpoliticalboundaries,whicharealsosubjecttobias.ThemodelperformedjustaswellwithdatafromsevenotherUScities.(新模型通过观察单独事件的时间和空间坐标，并检测模式来预测未来事件，从而隔离犯罪。它将城市划分为大约1000英尺宽的空间区域，并预测这些区域内的犯罪，而不是依赖传统的社区或政治边界，这些边界也会受到偏见的影响。该模型与来自美国其他七个城市的数据表现同样良好)”可知，第四段主要介绍了这个新工具的原理和良好的性能。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“IshanuChattopadhyay,seniorauthorofthestudy,iscarefultonotethatthetool’saccuracydoesnotmeanthatitshouldbeusedtodirectlawenforcement,withpolicedepartmentsusingittoflocktoneighborhoodsaheadoftimetostopcrime.Instead,itshouldbeaddedtoatoolboxofurbanpoliciesandpolicingstrategiestoaddresscrime.(该研究的资深作者IshanuChattopadhyay谨慎地指出，该工具的准确性并不意味着它应该用于指导执法，警察部门使用它来提前涌向社区阻止犯罪。相反，它应该被添加到城市政策和警务战略的工具箱中，以解决犯罪问题)”可知，IshanuChattopadhyay认为当局制定有关犯罪的政策时，这个工具可能会有所帮助。故选D项。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheUpsidetoBeingOutsideResearchshowsthatbeinginnaturemakespeoplefeelgoodwhetherthey’reroughingitinthewildernessfordaysorjusthangingoutatalocalparkforawhile.OnestudywasconductedinthecityofBirmingham,Alabama.Researchersfoundthatmostparticipants’moodandwell-beingimprovedsignificantlywhentheyspenttimeinurbanparks,eventhoughtheaveragevisitwasonlyaroundhalfanhour.____16____ForexamplescientistsintheUnitedKingdomstudiedtheimpactofthe“30DaysWild”campaign.Itchallengedpeopletointeractwithnaturefor30daysbyenjoyingearthyactivitieslikefeedingbirdsandplantingflowers.Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge...andformonthsafterwards,too.____17____Howdoesnatureboostpeople’shappiness?Scientistssaythatspendingtimeinnaturalsettingsreducesstressandanxiety,whichbenefitsmentalandphysicalhealth.Researchshowsourbrainsaremorerelaxedinnaturalsettings.Tomostpeople,it’snotnewsthatnaturecanbecalming.Butmultiplestudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturealsohassomemoresurprisingbenefits,likeimprovingcreativityandproblem-solving.____18____Anotherfoundthatexposuretonaturehelpedpeoplescorebetterontests.That’smoreproofthatgoingoutsideisasmartmove!Whataccountsfortheconnectionwithcognitionandcreativity?Itcouldbethatagooddoseofnatureactsasacuretoinformationoverload.Everydaylifeinvolvesalotofmultitasking.Somescientiststheorizethatspendingtimeinnatureenablesourbrainstorestandrecoverfrommentaltiredness.____19____Naturally,scientificstudiesdon’tcovereverythingthat’sgreataboutthegreatoutdoors.____20____Fromrecreationandexercisetohappinessandcreativity,therearelotsofupsidestogettingoutside.A.What’smore,theliftpeoplegetfromnatureislonglasting.B.So,kickingbackinaparkisabitliketreatingyourmindtorestfulminivacation.C.Lotsofpeopleenjoyfunactivitiesoutside,likeswimming,ridingbikes,orclimbingtrees.D.Onestudyrevealedthatpeoplewerebetteratfiguringoutpuzzlesafterafour-daycampingtrip.E.Whentheonlylightyou’veseenalldayistheglowofascreen,itmightbeagoodideatoswitchitoff.F.Accordingtomanyscientificstudies,there’sagoodchanceit’llmakeyouhappier,healthier,andmorecreative.G.Thismeansthatwhetheryou’restudyingorplayingvideogames,headingoutsidetogiveyourbrainabreakmighthelpyougettothenextlevel.【答案】16.A17.B18.D19.G20.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几项户外活动的好处。【16题详解】根据空后的Forexample可知，空后内容是对该空的举例说明，所以该空为本段的主题句，根据空处所在段的尾句“Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge...andformonthsafterwards,too.(在整个挑战过程中，参与者明显更快乐、更健康……之后的几个月也是如此)”可知，该段讲述的是在户外活动给参与者带来的快乐会持续很久，结合选项A项What’smore,theliftpeoplegetfromnatureislonglasting.(更重要的是，人们从大自然得到的提升是持久的)表述的内容与举例说明中的内容一致，符合语境。故选A项。【17题详解】根据空前“Forexample,scientistsintheUnitedKingdomstudiedtheimpactofthe“30DaysWild”campaign.Itchallengedpeopletointeractwithnaturefor30daysbyenjoyingearthyactivitieslikefeedingbirdsandplantingflowers.Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge...andformonthsafterwards,too.(例如，英国科学家研究了“野外30天”运动的影响。它要求人们在30天内与大自然互动，享受像喂鸟和种花这样的朴实活动。在整个挑战过程中，参与者明显更快乐、更健康。之后的几个月也是如此)”可知，该段讲述的是在户外活动给参与者带来的快乐，结合选项B项So,kickingbackinaparkisabitliketreatingyourmindtorestfulminivacation.(所以，在公园里放松一下有点像给你的大脑放个小长假)是对前面的总结，符合语境，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。【18题详解】根据上文“Butmultiplestudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturealsohassomemoresurprisingbenefits,likeimprovingcreativityandproblem-solving.(但多项研究发现，花时间在大自然中还有一些更令人惊讶的好处，比如提高创造力和解决问题的能力)”中的multiplestudies以及空后句中“Anotherfoundthatexposuretonaturehelpedpeoplescorebetterontests.(另一项研究发现，接触大自然有助于人们在考试中取得更好的成绩)”中的Another可知，该空格处应该是关于在户外好的相关研究。结合选项D项Onestudyrevealedthatpeoplewerebetteratfiguringoutpuzzlesafterafour-daycampingtrip.(一项研究显示，人们在为期四天的露营旅行后更擅长解谜)符合此推断，讲述的为一项关于户外好处的研究，符合语境。故选D项。【19题详解】根据空格处位于句尾句可知，该空应为本段的总结，根据空前“Somescientiststheorizethatspendingtimeinnatureenablesourbrainstorestandrecoverfrommentaltiredness.(一些科学家认为，花时间在大自然中可以让我们的大脑得到休息，从精神疲劳中恢复过来)”可知，户外会让大脑得到休息，从精神疲劳中恢复过来。结合选项G项Thismeansthatwhetheryou’restudyingorplayingvideogames,headingoutsidetogiveyourbrainabreakmighthelpyougettothenextlevel.(这意味着无论你是在学习还是玩电子游戏，出去让你的大脑休息一下可能会帮助你进入下一个阶段)中的Thismeans是对空前内容的解释，结合句意可知，G项内容与空前内容吻合。故选G项。【20题详解】根据下文“Fromrecreationandexercisetohappinessandcreativity,therearelotsofupsidestogettingoutside.(从娱乐和锻炼到快乐和创造力，外出有很多好处)”的recreation相关的户外活动为全文首次出现可以推断，此空格处应提到相关内容。结合选项C项Lotsofpeopleenjoyfunactivitiesoutside,likeswimming,ridingbikes,orclimbingtrees.(很多人喜欢户外活动，比如游泳、骑自行车或爬树)中的funactivities以及其后的举例内容与空后内容一致。故选C项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A3-year-oldgirlisbackhomeafteramanfoundherwanderingonthecity’ssouthwestsideearlySundaymorning.Botello,whoworksforVillaPizzaandhassevenchildren,saidhewasinthemiddleofa____21____around3a.m.whenhesawayounggirl____22____aroundtheMcConnellparkinglot.“Irantothedoorandgavepeopletheirfood,”saidBotello.“Iwentbacklookingforherbutfailed,soIdrovearoundforaminute.Withoutfindingher,Istartedpullingintotheparkinglots.”Hefinally____23____thegirlwhowascurled(蜷缩)upbetweentwoblocks,____24____nothingbutaT-shirt,diaper(尿裤),andsocks.Botellowrappedherinahoodie(连帽衫),thencalledthepolice.“Ihadsome____25____inmycar,soshewasdrinkingsomewaterandIrubbedherback,lettingherknowshewasokayandshestartedfallingasleep,”saidBotello.“Shewasso____26____andcold.”Whenofficersarrived,theymanagedtomake____27____withthelittlegirl’smother,whodidn’t____28____shewasmissingandthoughtshewasasleep.It’sunclearhowthegirlgotoutorforhowlong,butthepolicebelieveditwasanaccident.“Icannot____29____howherparentsfeel,butwantthemtogoeasy.Idon’tthinkitwasanything_____30_____;nobodyletsalittlekidout.”saidBotello.“IjustdidwhatIcould.Iassumesomebodywoulddothesameformykids.”Botelloaddedthatratherthancast_____31_____,hehopedthisincidentpushedpeopletooffer_____32_____insomeone’stimeofneed.“Sometimesyouwanttoturna_____33_____eye,butyouneverknowwhoyou’resaving,”saidBotello.“Anybodycouldhave_____34_____thatlittlegirl,there’slotsoffoottrafficoverthere,soI’mgladshe_____35_____madeithomesafe.”21.A.delivery B.training C.dream D.meal22.A.dancing B.running C.drawing D.riding23.A.hit B.missed C.called D.spotted24.A.wearing B.purchasing C.carrying D.begging25.A.money B.water C.clothes D.pizzas26.A.worn-out B.heart-broken C.careless D.cautious27.A.comparison B.trouble C.contact D.peace28.A.admit B.realize C.regret D.cover29.A.bear B.complain C.imagine D.doubt30.A.hopeful B.thankful C.sorrowful D.purposeful31.A.votes B.smiles C.light D.judgment32.A.advice B.help C.praise D.work33.A.critical B.sharp C.blind D.green34.A.pickedup B.turneddown C.laughedat D.lookedafter35.A.proudly B.secretly C.eventually D.hardly【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.A25.B26.A27.C28.B29.C30.D31.D32.B33.C34.A35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。女童凌晨独自在外游荡，幸亏遇到了外卖小哥Botello，最终得以安全回家。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Botello在VillaPizza工作，有七个孩子，他说，大约凌晨3点左右，他正在送货，看到一个小女孩在McConnell停车场附近徘徊。A.delivery递送；B.training培训；C.dream梦；D.meal餐。根据下文中的“Irantothedoorandgavepeopletheirfood(我跑到门口，给了人们食物)”可知，Botello这个时候正在送外卖。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.dancing跳舞；B.running跑；C.drawing画；D.riding骑。根据上文中的“herwanderingonthecity’ssouthwestside”可知，这个女童在停车场来回跑。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他最后发现了那个蜷缩在两个街区之间的女孩，她只穿着T恤、尿布和袜子。A.hit撞，击；B.missed错过；C.called打电话；D.spotted看出，注意到