阅读理解D-高一英语下学期复习汇编（版解析版）

专题04阅读理解D

[Passage1•广东省东莞市2020-2021学年高一下学期期末英语试题】

Someoftheoldestartinhumanhistoryisbeingdamaged,scientistssay.Andclimatechangemaybespeeding

upitsloss.NewresearchreportsthatancientrockartinIndonesiancavesisdegradingovertime,asbitsofrock

slowlybreakofffromthewalls.It'sahugelossforhumanhistory.

Saltcrystals（结晶）buildinguponthewallsareakeypartoftheproblem,thestudysuggests.Thesesalt

crystalsgointothecavewalls,changingsizesastemperaturesriseandfall.Thisprocesscausestherocktoslowly

breakdown.

Saltcrystalsmaybecomelargerwhenexposedtorepeatedchangesbetweenwetconditionsandperiodsof

drought.Thesekindsofchangesareexpectedtobecomemoreobviousastheclimatecontinuestowarm.

Inparticular,theresearcherssay,climatechangemaycausemoreintenseElNino（厄尔尼诺）eventsinthe

future.TheseeventscanstrengthenthekindsofconditionsthathelpsaltcrystalsformScientistsarestilldebating

theexactinfluenceofclimatechangeonElNino,anaturalclimatecyclethatdriveschangingpatternsofwarming

andcoolinginthePacificOcean.

Thenewstudy,ledbyJillianHuntley,examined11ancientcaveartsitesinSouthSulawesi,Indonesia.The

researchersfoundevidenceofsaltformationatall11sites.It'smerelyasmallpartTherearemorethan300known

eaveartsitesaroundtheregion.Theresearchersnotethatsaltcrystalsmayindeedbepartoftheproblem,adding

thatclimatechangeisagrowingthreat,onethatdeservesmoreattention.

12.Whatisthemaincauseoftherocksbreakingofffromthewall?

A.Weatherpatterns.B.Saltcrystals.

C.Wetconditions.D.DroughtPeriods.

13.Whichofthefollowingmayresearchersagreewith?

A.ElNinoeventspreventsaltcrystalsforming.

B.ClimatechangemakeslittledifferencetoElNino.

C.Saltcrystalsmaybecomemuchlargerinwetconditions.

D.Constantwarmweathermaycausesaltcrystalstochangesize.

14.WhichwordbestdescribesHuntley*sattitudetoclimatechange?

A.Worried.B.Curious.C.Doubtful.D.Positive.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theformationandpatternsofsaltcrystals.

B.Theimpactofclimatechangeonancientrockarts,

C.Thehistoricalvalueofancientrockartincavesites.

D.Thethreatsofhumanactivitiestoancienteaveartsites.

【答案】12.B

13.D

14.A

15.B

【解析】

【分析】

本文是说明文。文章讲述新的研究报告称，随着时间的推移，印尼洞穴中的古代岩石艺术正在退化，一些

岩石从墙壁上逐渐脱落。研究人员分析了原因，认为气候变化需要进一步关注。

12.

细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thesesaltcrystalsgointothecavewalls,changingsizesastemperaturesriseandfall.

Thisprocesscausestherocktoslowlybreakdown.（这些盐晶体进入洞穴壁，随着温度的升高而改变大小。这

个过程会导致岩石慢慢地分解。）可知，盐晶体是岩石从墙上脱落的主要原因。故选B项。

13.

细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Saltcrystalsmaybecomelargerwhenexposedtorepeatedchangesbetweenwet

conditionsandperiodsofdrought.Thesekindsofchangesareexpectedtobecomemoreobviousastheclimate

continuestowarm.（当盐晶体暴露在潮湿条件和干旱之间不断变化中时，盐晶体可能会变得更大，随着气候

继续变暖，这些变化预计会变得更加明显）”可知，研究人员同意，持续温暖的天气可能会导致盐晶体的大小

发生变化。故选D项。

14.

推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Thenewstudy,ledbyJillianHuntley”可知，研究是JillianHuntley领导的，再

本艮据最后——句"Theresearchersnotethatsaltcrystalsmayindeedbepartoftheproblem,addingthatclimate

changeisagrowingthreat,onethatdeservesmoreattention.（研究人员指出，盐晶体可能确实是问题的一部分，

并补充说，气候变化是一个日益严重的威胁，值得进一步关注）”可推断，Huntley担心气候变化，值得进一

步关注。故选A项。

15.

推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Thenewstudy,ledbyJillianHuntley,examined11ancientcaveartsitesinSouth

Sulawesi,Indonesia.Theresearchersfoundevidenceofsaltformationatall11sites.It'smerelyasmallpartThere

aremorethan300knowncaveartsitesaroundtheregion.（这项由JillianHuntley领导的新研究调查了印尼南苏

拉威西岛的11个古代洞穴艺术遗址。研究人员在所有11个地点都发现了盐形成的证据。这只是一小部分，

该地区有300多个已知的洞穴艺术遗址）”可推断，气候变化影响古代岩石艺术。故选B项。

[Passage2•黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题】

AlexZhang,a26-year-oldmaleengineeringworker,hasbeenworkingatoneofChina'sleading

telecommunicationcompaniesforyears.Hebelievesthatthecurrentsituationathiscompanyhasbecomestagnant,

despitethefactthathisco-workersarestayinglaterandlaterintheofficeandvolunteeringmorefrequentlytowork

onweekends.

“Atfirstpeoplewouldtrytoworklikeahorse,butgraduallytherisingnumberofworkinghoursdoesn'tmean

ahigherrewardanymorebutwillonlybringanxietyandstress,Zhangadded."Also,assomepeoplerealizethey

havetostayovertimeanyway,theybecomeslack（懈怠的）duringtheday.”

“Involution,“orneijuaninChinese,isarisingbuzzword（流行语）inChina,referringtothestatusofnot

makinganyprogressanddevelopment.Itwasfirstusedtodescribetheunreasonableamountofworkeverystudent

hastofacetogetcompetitivegradesinsideChineseuniversities.Laterithasspreadfastandcometorefertothe

abnormalworkcultureofbigcompanieswhere996—workingfrom9a.m.to9p.m.,6daysaweek—iscommon.

Moreandmoretiredworkershavebeguntotalkaboutsimilarlydepressingworkingconditionstheyface,fueling

heateddiscussionsonline.

Facingsuchanexhaustingandunrewardingcompetition,GenerationYandZarebeginningtochoose“lying

flat”-anewphrasepopularizedwithinthelastfewweeks,meanttoreflecttheunresistingandunbothered

attitude.Besidesbeingusedintheworkplace,otherareasthat"lyingflat“happensincludemarriage,consumption

（消费），andsocialactivities.Feelingmoreandmorepowerless,someyoungpeoplehavehadacompletelackof

interestingettingmarried,havingkids,andmakinglargepurchases.WhenChina's"thethree-childpolicy^^is

makingwavesontheinternet,somenetizensarerespondingwithcommentsthatpointtothedeepcauseswithin

education,housing,andtheunfairtreatmentthatfemaleemployeesface,allofwhicharereasonsbehindpeople's

“lyingdown^^attitude.

Whatisonearththerightattitudetowardslife?Amongtheheateddiscussiononline,t4Iliedown.Ybuinvolute.

Neitherofusistheother9sbusiness.^^wasoneofthemostpopularcomments.Butarethereonlytwooptions?

Insteadofthinkingabouthowtomakeadifficultchoice,whatyouneedtothinkaboutishowtoadjustyourmind

andgetridofanxiety.Liveyourownlifebasedonrealityandshouldertheresponsibility.Thafsit.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stagnant“inparagraph1mean?

A.Energetic.B.Inactive.

C.Competitive.D.Exhausted.

23.Inwhichofthefollowingcontextswastheterm“involution“firstused?

A.Workplace.B.Politics.

C.Education.D.Marriage.

24.Accordingtothetext,whyaresomeyoungpeoplebeginningtochoose“lyingflat”?

A.Theyfollowthecrowdblindly.

B.Theydevelopasenseofincapabilityintherace.

C.Theyareindifferenttoreallifebynature.

D.Theybecomelessfitforlackofregularexercises.

25.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tointroducetheoriginoftheterm"involution”.

B.TocriticizetheyoungChinesewhoare“lyingflat”.

C.Tostresstheimportanceoftheunresistingattitude.

D.Toinspireapositiveattitudeintheinvolutedpeople.

【答案】22.B

23.C

24.B

25.D

【解析】

【分析】

本文是议论文，面对当前的“内卷”现象，人们选择躺平，本文作者希望人们调整思想，摆脱焦虑。

22.

词义猜测题。根据划线部分后一句"despitethefactthathisco-workersarestayinglaterandlaterintheofficeand

volunteeringmorefrequentlytoworkonweekends.^^尽管他的同事们在办公室待得越来越晚，自愿在周末更频

繁地工作。后文使用尽管作为转折，意思是和前文相反，后文说同事们更频繁工作，前文与后文相反，应

该表示同事们“无所事事”，B项符合意思，故选B项。

23.

细节理解题。根据第三段“Itwasfirstusedtodescribetheunreasonableamountofworkeverystudenthastoface

togetcompetitivegradesinsideChineseuniversities.^^这个词最初是用来形容中国大学里每个学生为了获得有

竞争力的成绩而付出的不合理的努力。可知，“内卷”这个词初次被用于教育领域，故选C项。

24.

推理判断题。根据第四段"Facingsuchanexhaustingandunrewardingcompetition,GenerationYandZare

beginningtochoose“lyingflat”-anewphrasepopularizedwithinthelastfewweeks,meanttoreflectthe

unresistingandunbotheredattitude.^^面对这样一场令人筋疲力尽、毫无回报的竞争，Y一代和Z一代开始选

择“躺平，，—这是最近几周流行起来的一个新词，旨在反映一种不抗拒、不烦恼的态度。可知，人们选择躺平

的原因是因为他们在比赛中产生了一种无能感。故选B项。

25.

推理判断题。根据最后一段"Insteadofthinkingabouthowtomakeadifficultchoice,whatyouneedtothink

aboutishowtoadjustyourmindandgetridofanxiety.Liveyourownlifebasedonrealityandshoulderthe

responsibility.That'sit.“你需要考虑的不是如何做出艰难的选择，而是如何调整你的思想，摆脱焦虑。以现

实为基础，活出自己的人生，承担责任。就是这样。可知本篇文章的目的是为了在纷繁复杂的人群中激发

一种积极的态度。故选D项。

[Passage3•河北省衡水市冀州区第一中学2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷】

COVIDherdimmunity（群体免疫）willnothappenin2021

WorldHealthOrganization（WHO）chiefscientistSoumyaSwaminathansaidMondaythatherdimmunityto

coronaviruswouldnotbeachievedin2021,despitethegrowingavailabilityofvaccines（疫苗产量）.

Factorsthatdelayherdimmunityincludelimitedaccesstovaccinesindevelopingcountries,skepticism。怀疑）

overvaccination,andthepotentialforvirusmutations（变异），accordingtohealthexperts.

Agrowingnumberofcountriesaroundtheworld,includingtheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,Singapore,

GermanyandotherEuropeanUnioncountries,areinthefirststagesofmass-vaccinationcampaigns.

Herdimmunityoccurswhenenoughpeopleinapopulationhaveimmunitytoaninfection（感染）sothatit

preventsthediseasefromspreading.

“Wearenotgoingtoachieveanylevelsofpopulationimmunityorherdimmunityin2021,“Swaminathansaid,

whileemphasizingthatmeasureslikephysicaldistancing,handwashingandmaskwearingcontinuetobe

necessaryincontrollingCOVID'sspreadfortherestoftheyear.

However,Swaminathanpraisedthe"incredibleprogress^^madebyvaccineresearcherstodevelopseveralsafe

andeffectivevaccinesatunprecedented（空前的）speed.Countriesarecurrentlyadministeringvaccinesdeveloped

byBioNTech-Pfizer,OxfordUniversityAstraZenecaandModerna.

“Thevaccinesaregoingtocome,^^shesaid."Theyaregoingtogotoallcountries,butmeanwhilewemustn't

forgetthattherearemeasuresthatwork/sheadded,referringtohygiene（卫生）andsocialdistancing.

“Wewon'tgetbacktonormalquickly,9,DaleFisher,chairmanoftheWHO'sOutbreakAlertandResponse

Network,toldaconferencehostedbyReutersnewsagency.atWeknowweneedtogettoherdimmunityandwe

needthatinamajorityofcountries,butwearenotgoingtoseethatin2021,“Fishersaid."Theremightbesome

countriesthatmightachieveitbuteventhenthatwillnotcreatenormalespeciallyintermsofbordercontrols,9,he

added.

12.Whichofthefollowingarenotthefactorsthatdelayherdimmunity?

A.Peopleareskepticalaboutvaccination.

B.Accesstovaccinesindevelopingcountriesislimited.

C.Agrowingnumberofcountriesbeginmass-vaccinationcampaigns.

D.Virusmutationsarelikelytohappen.

13.Asforthefirststagesofmass-vaccinationcampaigns,whichcountryisnotmentionedinthepassage?

A.Vietnam.B.Germany.C.Singapore.D.theUnitedKingdom.

14.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatFishersaid?

A.Inmanycountriesin2021,peoplewillliveanormallifeintermsofbordercontrols.

B.Ifsomecountriesmightachieveherdimmunity,peoplewillliveattnormaF,life.

C.Intermsofgoodbordercontrols,wecanachieveherdimmunity.

D.Theremaybealongwaytogettoherdimmunityallovertheworld.

15.WhatistheattitudeofSwaminathantotheprogressofvaccinedevelopment?

A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Critical.D.neutral.

【答案】12.C

13.A

14.D

15.A

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在新型冠状病毒肆虐的现在，尽管全球多国已经开始大规模疫苗接种，

2021年仍无法实现任何程度的群体免疫，并具体说明了其中的原因。

12.

细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Factorsthatdelayherdimmunityincludelimitedaccesstovaccinesindeveloping

countries,skepticismovervaccination,andthepotentialforvirusmutations,accordingtohealthexperts.（据卫生

专家说，推迟群体免疫的因素包括发展中国家获得疫苗的机会有限、对疫苗接种的怀疑以及病毒突变的可

能性）”结合选项可推知，越来越多的国家开始大规模接种疫苗不是推迟群体免疫的因素。故选C项。

13.

细节理解题。根据文章第三段"Agrowingnumberofcountriesaroundtheworld,includingtheUnitedStates,the

UnitedKingdom,Singapore,GermanyandotherEuropeanUnioncountries,areinthefirststagesof

mass-vaccinationcampaigns.（世界上越来越多的国家，包括美国、英国、新加坡、德国和其他欧盟国家，正

处于大规模疫苗接种运动的第一阶段）”可推知，处于大规模疫苗接种运动第一阶段的国家中，没有提及越南。

故选A项。

14.

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的"Weknowweneedtogettoherdimmunityandweneedthatinamajorityof

countries,butwearenotgoingtoseethatin2021（我们知道我们需要获得群体免疫力，我们需要在大多数国家

获得这种免疫力，但我们不会在2021年看到这种情况）”以及“Theremightbesomecountriesthatmightachieve

itbuteventhenthatwillnotcreatenormalespeciallyintermsofbordercontrols（可能有些国家可能实现这一目

标，但即便如此，也不会创造正常的环境，特别是在边境管制方面）”可知，Fisher认为有些国家可能实现群

体免疫这一目标，但全世界范围内获得群体免疫能力近期是看不到的，从而推知，要想在全世界范围内获

得群体免疫也许还有很长的路要走。故选D项。

15.

推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的"However,Swaminathanpraisedthe"incredibleprogress^^madebyvaccine

researcherstodevelopseveralsafeandeffectivevaccinesatunprecedentedspeed.（然而，Swaminathan赞扬疫苗

研究人员以前所未有的速度研制出几种安全有效的疫苗所取得的“令人难以置信的进展"）”可知，

Swaminathan称赞疫苗研究人员所取得的进展是“令人难以置信的“，从而推知，Swaminathan对疫苗研发的

进展持积极的的态度。故选A项。

【Passage4•宁夏银川一中2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题】

ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren'sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollege

degree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.

Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedrooms

scoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomTVs.

Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlowereducationlevelsamong

26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVduringchildhood.Buttheresultsdon'tprovethatTVisthecauseand

don'trideoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters（年轻人）maywatchlotsofTV

TheirstudymeasuredtheTVhabitsof26-year-oldsbetweenages5and15.Thesewithcollegedegreeshad

watchanaverageoflessthantwohoursofTVperweeknightduringchildhood,comparedwithanaverageofmore

than2.5hoursforthosewhohadnoeducationbeyondhighschool.

IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowestwhile

thosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.

WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoincreasingfindings

thatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.

32.AccordingtotheCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight.

A.havehadcomputersintheirbedroomsB.notbeinterestedinmath

C.beunabletogotocollegeD.havewatchedalotofTV

33.Whatistheresearchers*understandingoftheNewZealandstudyresults?

A.Poorlymotivated26-year-oldswatchmoreTV.

B.HabitsofTVwatchingreducelearninginterest.

C.TheconnectionbetweenTVandeducationlevelsisdifficulttoexplain.

D.TVwatchingleadstolowereducationlevelsofthe15-year-olds.

34.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.TVsetsshouldn'tbeallowedinchildren'sbedrooms.

B.ChildrenshouldbeforbiddenfromwatchingTV.

C.Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers.

D.Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedone

35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

A.ComputersorTelevisionB.EffectsofTelevisiononChildren

C.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducationD.TelevisionandChildren'sLearningHabits

【答案】32.D

33.C

34.A

35.B

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。最新调查发现，看太多电视会损害孩子的学习能力，造成他们分数低。越来越多的研究

结果表明，孩子们的卧室里不应该有电视。

32.

推理判断题。根据第二段"Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.Thosewith

TVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithout

bedroomTVs.（其中一项研究调查了近400名北加利福尼亚三年级学生。在数学和语言艺术测试中，卧室里

有电视的孩子比卧室里没有电视的孩子要低8分左右。）”可知，根据加州的研究，卧室里有电视的那一组得

分低，他们可能看了很多电视，故选D。

33.

推理判断题。根据第三段"Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlower

educationlevelsamong26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVduringchildhood.Buttheresultsdon'tprovethat

TVisthecauseanddon'trideoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters（年轻人）maywatchlotsofTV.（另一

项研究对新西兰近1000名成年人进行了调查，发现童年时看过很多电视的26岁成年人的教育水平较低。

但研究结果并不能证明电视是原因，也不能排除已经缺乏动力的年轻人可能会看很多电视的情况可推断，

通过新西兰调查研究结果，研究人员认为：电视和教育水平之间的因果关系很难解释，故选C。

34.

推理判断题。倒数第二段介绍了加州的研究，最后一段得出结论：“Whilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroom

TVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoincreasingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheir

bedrooms（虽然这项研究没有证明卧室里的电视机导致了较低的分数，但它进一步证实了越来越多的研究结

果:孩子们的卧室里不应该有电视”’可知，通过最后两段我们可以得知，孩子们的卧室里不应该有电视。故

选Ao

35.

主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段"ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren'sabilitytolearnandevenreduce

theirchancesofgettingacollegedegree（看太多电视会损害孩子的学习能力，甚至会减少他们获得大学学位的

机会）…”和最后一段"itaddstoincreasingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.（越来越多

的研究结果表明，孩子们不应该在卧室里放电视。）”可知，本文主要介绍电视对孩子的影响和危害，选项

B.EffectsofTelevisiononChildren符合题意，故选Bo

[Passage5•陕西省咸阳市2020-2021学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题】

AviLoeb,ascientist,believesthatwearenotaloneintheuniverse.ThebelieffitswithLoeb'salienspaceship

theorythatatleastonealienspaceshipmightbeflyingovertheorbitofJupiter,whichwontheinternational

attentionlastyear.

AstronomersinHawaiifoundthefirstknowninterstellarobjectinlate2017.Itwasabitoflightmovingso

fastpastthesunthatitcouldonlyhavecomefromanotherstar.Almosteveryastronomerontheplanetwastrying

tofigureouthowtheobject,called“Oumuamua“gottoourfar-awaypartoftheMilkywaygalaxy."One

possibilityisthat'Oumuamua5isdebrisfromanadvancedtechnologicalequipment,9,Loebsaid."Technology

comesfromanothersolarsystemjustshowedupatourdoor.”

6taOumuamua,isnotanalienspaceship,PaulSutter,anotherscientistwrote.HesuggestedLoebwasseeking

publicity.Mostscientiststhink“Oumuamua“issomesortofrock.Theythinkitcouldbeanicywanderingcomet.

Loebsaysthat“Oumuamua's"behaviormeansitcan*tbeablockofrockshapedlikealongphoto.Hethinks

it'smorelikelyanobjectthat*sverylongandthin,perhapslikealongpancakeoraship*ssail.Loebsaysthatif

someoneshowshimevidencethatcontradictshisbeliefs,hewillimmediatelygivein.

Loebbelieveshimselfatruth-tellerandrisk-takerinanageofverysafe,too-quietscientists.t6Theworstthing

thatcanhappentomeisthatIwouldberelievedofmymanagementduties,andthatwouldgivemeevenmoretime

tofocusonscience,9,Loebsays.Hesaidhewouldn'tmindgivingupallthetitleshehadandreturningtotheIsraeli

farmingvillagewherehegrewup.

12.WhatdoesLoebsayabout"Oumuamua”?

A.Itisanicycomet.B.Itlookslikealongphoto.

C.Itisactuallysomesortofrock.D.Itmaycomefromanotheraliencivilization.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contradicts“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Goesagainst.B.Relieson.C.Turnsto.D.Searchesfor.

14.WhatdoyouthinkofLoeb?

A.Heisfoolish.B.Heisunsatisfiedwithhistitles.

C.Heisafirmbelieverinscientifictruth.D.Heisuncertainabouthiscareerfuture.

15.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HaveAliensPaidaVisitinSpaceships?B.DoWeReallyKnowaboutSpaceTheory?

C.ScientistsAreWorkingonHighTechnologyD.AstronomersAreEncouragingSpaceTravel

【答案】12.D

13.A

14.C

15.A

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家AviLoeb和其他科学家对“Oumuamua”的不同理解，讨论它是否是外星

飞船临近地球。

12.

细节理解题。根据第二段中Loeb所说“OnepossibilityisthataOumuamua,isdebris（碎片）fromanadvanced

technologicalequipment（一种可能是，Oumuamua，是来自先进技术设备的碎片）“以及"Technologycomesfrom

anothersolarsystemjustshowedupatourdoor.（来自另一个太阳系的技术刚刚出现在我们的门口）“可知，Loeb

认为“Oumuamua”可能来自另一个外星文明。故选D。

13.

词句猜测题。根据上一段中PaulSutter所说“'Oumuamua，isnotanalienspaceshipCOumuamua，不是外星飞船）”

可知，有科学家不同意Loeb的观点；根据划线词句后半句"hewillimmediatelygivein（他会立即让步）”可知，

Loeb并不是绝对要坚持自己的观点，在某种条件下,他会让步的;而划线部分“Loebsaysthatifsomeoneshows

himevidencethatcontradictshisbeliefs...（Loeb说，如果有人向他出示证据contradicts他的信念...）“说明如

果其他科学家提供的证据和他的信念不一致，他会让步的，从而推断出划线单词contradicts为“不一致:相

违背”的意思。A.Goesagainst.违背；B.Relieson.依靠；C.Turnsto.求助于；D.Searchesfor.寻找。故选A。

14.

推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Loebbelieveshimselfatruth-tellerandrisk-takerinanageofverysafe,too-quiet

scientists.（Loeb认为，在一个科学家非常安全、过于安静的时代，他是一个讲真话的人，也是一个敢于冒险

的人）”可知，Loeb是科学真理的坚定信徒。故选C。

15.

主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“ThebelieffitswithLoeb'salienspaceshiptheorythatatleastonealien

spaceshipmightbeflyingovertheorbitofJupiter,whichwontheinternationalattentionlastyear.（这一观点与

Loeb的外星飞船理论相吻合，该理论认为至少有一艘外星飞船可能正在飞越木星的轨道，该理论去年引起

了国际关注）”等内容可知，本文主要讲述科学家AviLoeb和其他科学家对“Oumuamua”的不同理解，辩论是

否是外星飞船临近地球。选项A“外星人乘坐宇宙飞船来过吗？”突出科学家们的辩论主题，引人注意，适合

做标题。故选A。

窗优选提升题，

[Passage6•湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2020-2021学年高一下学期期末检测英语试题】

Whilespacetravelstillgetslotofattention,notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtotheexplorationofoceans,

aboutwhichweknowmuchlessthanthedarksideofthemoon.

Ninetypercentoftheoceanfloorhasnotevenbeenrecordedandwhilewehavebeentothemoon,the

technologytoexploretheocean'sfloorsisstillbeingdeveloped.Forexample,apermanentpartially-underwatersea

explorationstation,calledtheSeaOrbiter,iscurrentlyindevelopment.

Theoceansplayamajorroleincontrollingourclimate.Butwehavenotlearnedyethowtousethemtocool

usoffratherthancontributetoouroverheating.Oceanorganismsaresaidtoholdthepromiseofcuresforawideof

theuniqueeyesofskate（rayfish）ledtoadvancesinconqueringblindness,thehorseshoecrabwasimportantin

developingatestforbacterialpollution,andseaurchinshelpedinthedevelopmentoftest-tubefertilization（人工授

精）.Thetoadfish's'abilitytoregenerateitscentralnervoussystemisofmuchinteresttoneuroscientists.Arecent

JapanesestudyconcludedthatthedrugEribulin,whichwastakenfromseasponges,iseffectiveinfightingwith

breast,colon,andUrinarycancer.

Giventheapproachingcrisisofwaterinsufficiency,webadlyneedtoimprovecurrentmethods,of

desalinating（淡化）oceanwaterandmakethemmoreefficientandlesscostly.By2025,1.8billionpeopleare

expectedtosufferfromseverewatershortage,withthatnumberjumpingto3.9billionby2050-welloverathirdof

theentireglobalpopulation.

Iftheoceansdonotmakeyourheartgobeatingfaster,howaboutengineeringabacteriumthateatscarbon

dioxide-andthushelpsprotecttheworldfromoverheating-andproducesfuelwhichwillallowustodriveour

carsandmachines,withoutoil?Icannotfindanyevidencethatpeopleyoungorold,Americansorcitizensofother

nationswouldbelessimpressedorlessinspiredwithsuchabreakthroughthanwithonemoresetofphotosofa

farawaygalaxyorawholeMilkyWayfullofstars.

12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttheoceanexploration?

A.Itisequaltothespaceexploration.B.Itiswelldeveloped.

C.Itdeservesmoreattentionanddevotion.D.Itisbeyondourknowledge.

13.Whattechnologyhasbeendevelopedtomakeuseoftheoceans?

A.Curinghumandiseaseswithoceanorganisms.B.Preventingtheworldgettingwarmer.

C.Mappingtheglobaloceanfloor.D.Removingsaltfromseawater.

14.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?

A.Thetemperaturerisewillbeovercomebyabacterium.B.Solvingtheexistingproblemsismoresignificant.

C.Thespaceexplorationisworththeefforts.D.Theoceanexplorationisnotinspiring.

15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Oceans,theLastHope.B.Oceans,theHiddenTreasure.

C.Space,theFinalFrontier.D.Space,theFarawayDream.

【答案】12.C

13.D

14.B

15.B

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。虽然太空旅行仍然得到了很多关注，但对海洋的探索却没有得到足够的关注。文章介绍

了海洋世界研究的进展，就像一座宝藏，呼吁人们关注海洋。

12.

细节理角军题。根据第二段"Ninetypercentoftheoceanfloorhasnotevenbeenrecordedandwhilewehavebeento

themoon,thetechnologytoexploretheocean'sfloorsisstillbeingdeveloped.（90%的海底甚至没有被i己录下来，

虽然我们去过月球，但探索海底的技术仍在开发中）”可知，作者认为我们对海洋的探索认知不够，认为我们

应该更多的去关注海洋探索。故选C项。

13.

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Giventheapproachingcrisisofwaterinsufficiency,webadlyneedtoimprove

currentmethods,ofdesalinating（淡化）oceanwaterandmakethemmoreefficientandlesscostly.（鉴于水资源短

缺危机的迫近，我们迫切需要改进现有的海水淡化方法，使其更有效、成本更低）”其中表示我们迫切需要改

进现有的海水淡化方法，由此可推断，已经研发了海水去除盐的技术。故选D项。

14.

推理判断题。根据最后——段“Iftheoceansdonotmakeyourheartgobeatingfaster,howaboutengineeringa

bacteriumthateatscarbondioxide-andthushelpsprotecttheworldfromoverheating-andproducesfuel

whichwillallowustodriveourcarsandmachines,withoutoil?（如果海洋不能让你心跳加快，那么如何制造一

种细菌来吞噬二氧化碳——从而帮助保护世界免于过热——并生产出能让我们不用石油就能驾驶汽车和机

器的燃料呢?）"可知，海洋问题，全球变暖问题，燃油二氧化碳排放问题是目前已客观存在的问题，迫在眉

睫o及"Icannotfindanyevidencethatpeopleyoungorold,Americansorcitizensofothernationswouldbeless

impressedorlessinspiredwithsuchabreakthroughthanwithonemoresetofphotosofafarawaygalaxyora

wholeMilkyWayfullofstars.（我找不到任何证据表明，与多一组遥远星系或充满恒星的整个银河系的照片相

比，年轻人或老年人、美国人或其他国家的公民对这一突破的印象更深刻或更不受鼓舞）”可以看出作者暗示，

人们也会对这些现实世界的重大突破会更关心的，比那些遥远的星系的图片更欢欣鼓舞，即解决