2018学年高中一轮复习英语讲义必修三Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars一、刷黑板——eq\a\vs4\al(词汇全听写先过识记默写关)Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．astronomyn． 天文学2．astronomern. 天文学家3．solaradj. 太阳的；日光的4．billionpron.&n.&adj. 〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿5．carbonn. 碳6．dissolvevt.&vi. 溶解；解散7．acidn. 酸[第二屏听写]8．mammaln． 哺乳动物9．dioxiden. 二氧化物10．extinctadj. 灭绝的；绝种的11．lessenvi.&vt. 减少；减轻12．weightlesslyadv. 失重地13．solarsystem 太阳系14．carbondioxide 二氧化碳_[第三屏听写]Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)1．systemn． 系统；体系；制度2．religionn. 宗教；宗教信仰3．theoryn. 学说；理论4．violentadj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的5．atmospheren. 大气层；气氛6．unlikeprep. 与……不同；不像7．fundamentaladj. 基本的；基础的[第四屏听写]8．presencen． 出席；到场；存在9．harmfuladj. 有害的10．chainn. 链子；连锁；锁链11．reactionn. 反应；回应12．multiplyvi.&vt. 乘；增加13．oxygenn. 氧14．existvi. 存在；生存15．thusadv. 因此；于是[第五屏听写]16．puzzlen． 谜；难题vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难17．biologyn. 生物学18．biologistn. 生物学家19．gravityn. 万有引力；重力20．satelliten. 卫星；人造卫星21．gentleadj. 温和的；文雅的[第六屏听写]22．physicistn． 物理学家23．climaten. 气候24．crashvi.&vt. 碰撞；坠落25．spaceshipn. 宇宙飞船26．pulln．&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力27．floatvi.&vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物[第七屏听写]28．globen． 球体；地球仪；地球29．exhaustvt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽30．in_time 及时；终于31．lay_eggs 下蛋32．give_birth_to 产生；分娩33．in_one's_turn 轮到某人34．prevent_..._from 阻止；制止[第八屏听写]35．block_out 挡住(光线)36．cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋37．now_that 既然38．break_out 突发；爆发39．watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防40．get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解二、刷清单——eq\a\vs4\al(热身自盘点再过基本应用关)(一)核心单词阅读单词1.astronomyn．天文学2．astronomern.天文学家3．solaradj.太阳的；日光的4．billionpron.&n.&adj.〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿5.carbonn．碳6．dissolvevt.&vi.溶解；解散7．acidn.酸8．mammaln.哺乳动物9.dioxiden．二氧化物10．extinctadj.灭绝的；绝种的11．lessenvi.&vt.减少；减轻12．weightlesslyadv.失重地表达单词1.systemn．系统；体系；制度2．unlikeprep.与……不同；不像3．fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的4．multiplyvi.&vt.乘；增加5．gentleadj.温和的；文雅的6．crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落7．pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力8．floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物[语境活用]1．Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed(碰撞)intothebackofabus.2．Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamental(基本的)skilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.3．Thoseanxiousforreformsaythatthepresentsystem(系统)istoonarrow.4．Hefoundsomethingfloating(漂浮)onthelake，whichfrightenedhim.5．Ifyoumultiply(乘)twoandthree,youwillgetsix.拓展单词1.religionn．宗教；宗教信仰→religiousadj.宗教的2．theoryn．学说；理论→theoreticaladj.理论的；理论性的3．violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violencen．暴力→violentlyadv.猛烈地；激烈地4．harmfuladj.有害的→harmn．&v.伤害；危害→harmlessadj.无害的5．existvi.存在；生存→existencen．存在；生存6．puzzlevi.&vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题→puzzledadj.迷惑不解的；困惑的→puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的7．globen．球体；地球仪；地球→globaladj.全球性的；全世界的[语境活用]1．Therewasapuzzledlookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecauseapuzzlingproblempuzzledher.(puzzle)2．Doyoubelievetheexistenceofghosts?Perhapstheyonlyexistinthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)3．Lastnightwehadadiscussion,whichbecamemoreandmoreviolent.Finallywereachedanagreementthatwewillneveruseviolencewhateverhappens.(violent)4．Theharmfulmaterialsbecameharmlesstotheenvironmentafterbeingdealtwith.(harm)5．Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinanyreligionbutmeanwhileherespectsothers'religiousfreedom.(religion)(二)常用短语写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.in_time及时；终于2．lay_eggs下蛋3．give_birth_to产生；分娩4．in_one's_turn轮到某人；接着5．watch_out_for密切注意；当心；提防6．cheer_up感到高兴；感到振奋7．depend_on依靠；取决于8．break_out突发；爆发9．prevent_..._from阻止；制止10．block_out挡住(光线)11．get_the_hang_of熟悉；掌握；理解12．now_that既然1.Lastnight,Mrs.Greenhadaheartattack.Butluckily,thedoctorcamein_timetosaveherlife.2．Doremembertowatch_out_forcarswhilecrossingthestreet.3．Atlastthefirefightersputoutthefireinthesupermarket,whichbroke_outattenthismorning.4．Whentheprofessorturnedup,allthestudentscheered_up.5．ClassThreeshouldberesponsibleforraisingtheredflagthisweekin_its_turn.6．Onlybypractisingtimeandtimeagaincanyouget_the_hang_ofthegrammarrules.7．Shemarriedat25andgave_birth_toherfirstchildshortlyafter.(三)经典句式原句背诵句式解构佳句仿写1.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。make＋it＋adj./n.＋forsb.todo。掌握此项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。Masteringthetechnologymakes_it_possible_for_us_to_use_the_Internet_more_effectively.2.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。倍数表达法：倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋其他。在2016年里约奥运会期间，里约的汽车的数量是我们预料的三倍。Therewerethree_times_as_many_cars_asweexpectedduringthe2016RioOlympicGamesinRio.3.“Oh,dear，”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大声说，“(既然)重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”nowthat“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。Now_that_Helen_understood_the_key_to_language,_shewasveryeagertolearnmoreanduseitasmuchasshecould.4.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。形容词作状语，说明主语的情况。当轮到他发表演讲时，他走到了麦克风前，紧张而尴尬。Whenitwashisturntodeliverhisspeech,hewalkedtowardsthemicrophone,nervous_and_embarrassed.(四)初中考点再回顾高频考查类——记熟文化差异类——辨清易忘易错类——勤览1.have_part­time_jobs有兼职工作2．have_meaning_to对……有意义3．haveasurpriseparty举行一个惊喜派对4．haveconversationwithfriends与朋友对话5．havefundoing做……很愉快...ave...inmon有相同特征1.the_largest_population人口最多2．two_hours_later两个小时之后3．evenbetter更好4．acoupleof少数5．checkout察看；观察6．haveagoodknowledgeof通晓；精通1.cartooncharacters卡通人物2．woodenchopsticks木质筷子3．Thebellrangloudly.铃声大作。4．Itisfuntodo做……是有趣的5．holdone'shand握住某人的手6．shakehandswithsb.和某人握手一、过重点单词——eq\a\vs4\al(纵引横联超人一点)1．harmfuladj.有害的[教材原句]Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(1)beharmfulto 对……有害harmlessadj. 无害的(2)cause...harmto... 对……造成伤害/有害meannoharm 无恶意thereisnoharmindoingsth. 做某事没有害处[多角练透]单句语法填空①Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesontheputer,whichisveryharmful(harm)totheirhealth.②Ifyouwanttosolvetheprobleminthisway,thereisnoharmincallinghim.单句写作③这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。(2013·安徽高考书面表达)Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotunmon,causing/doing_serious_harm_to_lifeandtheenvironment.2．existvi.存在；生存[教材原句]Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也下蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)existin 存在于……之中existon 靠……为生...reexists... 某地有……；存在……(2)existencen. 存在；生存eintoexistence 产生；成立；开始存在(3)existingadj. 现存的；现行的[多角练透]单句语法填空①Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcameintoexistence(exist)．②Hefindsithardtoexistonthemoneyhe'searning.③Thereexistedanobviousconflictbetweentheaccountsofthewitnesses,soajudgmentwasnotannouncedincourt.单句写作④在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。(2014·北京高考写作)Theparkingplaceforbikeswas_an_existing_problem_for_a_long_timeinourschool.[名师指津]exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。3．puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜[教材原句]Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球上生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(1)puzzleabout/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)apuzzletosb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzlingadj. 令人迷惑的puzzledadj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的bepuzzledabout 对……迷惑不解[题点全练]单句语法填空①Thepolicearestillpuzzlingabout/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.②Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremainsapuzzletous.③Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsuchapuzzling(puzzle)question,shestoodtherewithasurprisedlookonherface.④Thismorning,whenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap,lookingpuzzled(puzzle)．[名师指津]过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled,confused,frightened,excited,surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look,voice,smile,expression,face等。Ⅰ.单词拼写1．I'minapuzzle(迷惑)astohowtocopewiththenewsituation.2．Hewouldneverbeharmful(有害的)toanyone.3．Onetheory(理论)aboutthemoonisthatitisapiecebrokenofftheearth.4．Theantswerepulling(拖)piecesofcorn.5．OurEnglishteacherisamanofreligion(宗教信仰)．6．Studentsshouldpayspecialattentiontofundamental(基础的)science.7．Inthisviolent(激烈的)conflict,helosthislife.8．Mancan'tlivewithoutwaterandoxygen(氧气)．Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Herpuzzled(puzzle)lookonherfacesuggestedshedidn'tunderstandwhatIsaid.2．Thereweremanyfishfloating(float)intheriverbecauseoftheseriouspollution.3．Asisknowntous,thePeople'sRepublicofChinacameintoexistenceasanindependentcountryin1949.4．Notallpeopleareawareofthevariouseffectsofglobal(globe)warmingonEarth.5．Itiswrongtoseeviolence(violent)astheonlywaytosolveproblems.6．WhenIwasyoung,Ididn'tknowmuchabouttheharmful(harm)effectsofsmoking.Ⅲ.根据提示词补全句子1．众所周知，过量喝酒对你的身体有害。(harmful)Whatisknowntousisthatdrinkingtoomuchis_harmful_to_your_health.2．他相信和中国建立更加良好的关系对这一地区的繁荣发展至关重要。(fundamental)HebelievesbetterrelationswithChinaare_fundamental_tothewell­beingofthearea.3．这个地区的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议，人们仍旧在寻找着其他可能的解决方法。(pull)Whetherthebuildingsinthisareashould_be_pulled_downhasremainedcontroversial;peoplearestilllookingforotherpossiblesolutions.4．幸运的是，有一些现成的关键原则你可以遵循。(exist)Fortunately,there_existsomekeyprinciplesyoucanfollow.二、过短语、句式——eq\a\vs4\al(学通学活靓人一眼)1．intime及时；终于[高考佳句]Asaproverbgoes,“Wherethere'sawill,there'saway.”Oureffortswillpayoffintime.(2014·山东高考写作)正如一句谚语所说，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。...intimefor... 刚好赶上……intimetodosth. 及时做某事(2)innotime 立刻；马上atnotime 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)atatime 每次；一次atonetime 曾经；一度atthesametime 同时attimes 有时；偶尔fromtimetotime 有时；偶尔(3)takeone'stime 别着急；慢慢来killtime 消磨时间[多角练透]单句语法填空①Thecarcametoahaltjustintimeto_prevent(prevent)anaccident.②AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.补全句子③Manypeopleareatthesamestart,butseldomdotheyarriveattheendingpointat_the_same_time.许多人起点相同，但他们很少同时到达终点。④Atnotimedid_they_actually_break_the_rules_of_the_game.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.他们实际并未违反比赛规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。2．inone'sturn轮到某人；接着[教材原句]Thustheyhave,intheirturn,beethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。inturn 依次；轮流；反之；相应地byturns 轮流；交替地taketurnstodosth. 轮流做某事Itisone'sturntodosth. 轮到某人做某事...turns/turnedoutthat... 结果……[多角练透]单句语法填空①Theyhadtotaketurnsto_look(look)afterthepatients.②Nowthatwehavefinisheddesigning,thepany,initsturn,shoulddotheconstructingwork.③Ithinkit'smyturnto_drive(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.补全句子④Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthisin_turn_creates_more_problems.人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。3．cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴；(使)振奋[教材原句]Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbeesmallerandthemoonlarger.我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。(1)cheersb.up 使某人振作起来cheersb.on (比赛中)为某人喝彩；为某人加油(2)Cheers! [口语](用于祝酒)干杯！[题点全练]补全句子①WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystoriesto_cheer_me_up.当我感到忧伤时，母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。②Theygatheredroundtheswimmingpoolandcheered_her_on.他们聚集在游泳池边为她加油。③Thisisjustforyou.Cheers!这是特意为你调制的。干杯！[名师指津]cheerup既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。4．makeit＋adj./n.＋forsb.todoThisproducedachainreaction,whichmade_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。句型makeit＋adj./n.＋forsb.todo，其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。(1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句make＋it＋adj./n.＋todo不定式make＋it＋nogood/nouse/...value...＋doingsth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think,consider,find,feel等①Tomakeiteasierto_get(get)intouchwithus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.(2016·北京高考单选)为了更便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。②Susanmade_it_cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。③Iconsiderit_no_usequarrellingwithhimaboutit.我认为就这件事情和他争吵是没有用的。5．倍数表达法ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwice_as_far_asontheearthandfellover.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。英语中常见的倍数表达法有：(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋asB(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋thanB(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/...gth...)＋ofB(4)A＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”一句多译我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场，是原来的3倍大。①Myfarmhasexpandedintoabigone,whichisthreetimesas_big_asthepreviousone.②Myfarmhasexpandedintoabigone,whichisthreetimesbigger_thanthepreviousone.③Myfarmhasexpandedintoabigone,whichisthreetimesthe_size_ofthepreviousone.补全句子④Thepopulationnowinthisvillageisfive_times_what_it_wastenyearsago.现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。[名师指津]在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice,三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数，half等来替换。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Lookatthepicturesandtaketurnsto_tell(tell)thestory.2．Ifyouwanttosucceedintheyearsto_e(e),youmuststudyhardfromnowon.3．Itisuncertainwhetherhe'llsucceedinpassingthedrivingtestornot.4．Sometimeshefounditveryhardtofallasleepatnight,sohewenttoseethedoctor.5．Nowthattheweatherisfine,let'sgoforapicnic.6．Ihadmeanttocallyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.7．Therefore,Icouldn'tspareenoughtimetowriteyoubackintime.8．HefailedtheexamandIdidn'tknowhowtocheerhimup.9．Afterseveralyearsofpractice,IthinkIwillfinallygetthehangofspokenEnglish.10．Dependingontheirprofessionalknowledge,theyquicklyputoutthefire.Ⅱ.短语填空dependon，nowthat，cheerup，breakout，givebirthto，blockout，watchout，intime1．Pleaseremoveyourcap,becauseitblocks_outmysight.2．Iamalwayswatching_outformistakesthatImayhavemissedbefore.3．Now_thatyouaregrown­up,youshouldn'trelyonyourparentsanymore.4．Keepontryingandyouwillsucceedin_time.5．Afirebroke_outnearhereyesterday,whichdestroyedmanybuildings.6．Mywifegave_birth_toahealthybabylastnight.7．Futureagricultureshoulddepend_onhightechnologyaswellastraditionalmethods.8．Icheered_upthemomentIheardthegoodnews.Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子1．尽管这并不是像我们期盼的那样好的一本书，但是仍然值得读一读。(as＋adj.＋n...s...)Thoughthisisnot_as_good_a_book_as_we_expected,_itisstillworthreading.2．他们是否能够通过沟通达成协议还不清楚。(it作形式主语)It's_not_clear_whethertheyareabletoarriveatanagreementthroughmunicationornot.3．这些游客们回到宾馆，又累又困。(形容词短语作状语)Thesetravelersreturnedtothehotel,tired_and_sleepy.4．无论他在哪里，早饭前散散步成为他的习惯。(makeit＋n...odo...)Nomatterwhereheis,hemakes_it_a_rule_to_go_for_a_walkbeforebreakfast.5．李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。(倍数表达法)LiMing'smobilephonelookedjustthesameasZhangHua's,butitcost_twice_as_much_ashis.三、过语法、写作——eq\a\vs4\al(写对写美高人一筹)(一)单元小语法——主语从句Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．ItisveryimportantthatastudentshouldlearnEnglishwell.2．Itsurprisedhimwhytheycametovisithimsuddenly.3．—WhathasmadeJohnlooklikelackingsleep?—Thathehadtopreparefortheingexamandstayeduplastnight.4．Whatwasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.5．Itremainstobeseenwhetherthisplanispracticalenoughtokeeptheprojectgoing.6．ItmadeKate'sparentsexcitedthatKateenteredthefinalinthetennismatch.7．Whoeverhashelpedtosavethedrowningoldmanisworthpraising.8．Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.AndIthinkit'llsellwell.9．Itisnoneofyourbusinesswhatotherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.10．Whetherhewouldliketoofferhishelpornotmakesnodifferencetome.Ⅱ.补全句子1．毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。Where_he_will_get_a_job_after_graduationhaspuzzledhimmuch.2．令在场的每个人感兴趣的是他是怎样设法在森林中活下来的。How_he_managed_to_survive_in_the_forestinterestedeveryonepresent.3．他将要参加会议使我们每一个人都十分激动。That_he_will_attend_the_meetinghasexcitedeveryoneofus.4．我们明天是否会举行派对取决于天气。Whether_we_will_hold_a_party_tomorrowdependsontheweather.5．无论是谁只要违法就应该受到惩罚。Whoever_breaks_the_lawshouldbepunished.6．已经得到证实，你说的是对的。It_has_been_proved_thatwhatyousaidisright.(二)课堂微写作——应用文写作[题目要求]假如你是李华，你在书店买了本词典，但后来发现有质量问题，于是你拿回去要求调换，却遭到店员的拒绝。现请你根据下面的内容要点，用英文给书店经理MrSmith写一封信进行投诉，内容包括：1．写信的目的；2．简要讲述事情的经过；3．提出处理的要求。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：DearMrSmith，IamwritingtoplainabouttheunpleasantexperienceIhadinyourbookstore.Yesterdaymorning,Iboughtadictionary,whichIlaterfoundofpoorquality.Immediately,Itookitbacktothestoreandaskedtheassistanttochangeit.Tomydisappointment,sherefused,insistingthatitwasIwhowastoblameforthebrokenpages.I'minurgentneedofagooddictionary.ThereforeIsuggestyouhavethedictionarychangedorhavemymoneyrefundedassoonaspossible.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiHua一、单元基础训练(限时25分钟)Ⅰ.翻译句子1．他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作重要而且必不可少。(makeitclear)They_want_to_make_it_clear_to_the_public_that_they_do_an_important_and_necessary_job.2．我们的学校是他们的两倍大。(倍数表达法)①Our_school_is_twice_as_big_as_theirs.②Our_school_is_twice_bigger_than_theirs.③Our_school_is_twice_the_size_of_theirs.3．你既然得到一次机会，不妨充分利用它。(nowthat)Now_that_you've_got_a_chance,_you_might_as_well_make_full_use_of_it.4．我们是以一首英文歌开始我们的英语课的。(beginwith)We_begin_our_English_class_with_an_English_song样表扬他都不过分。(can't...too...)You_cannot_praise_him_too_highly._6．昨晚他家里失火了。(breakout)A_fire_broke_out_in_his_house_last_night阻止水被污染。(prevent...from...)We_must_prevent_the_water_from_being_polluted.8．我想要知道的是谁解决了这个问题。(what)What_I_want_to_know_is_who_has_solved_the_problem.9．当你处于困境时，你可以及时请求帮助。(intime)When_you_are_in_trouble,_you_can_ask_for_help_in_time.10．他说的任何话你都不要相信。(whatever)Don't_believe_whatever_he_says.Ⅱ.完形填空Mymotherleftmealotofthings—children'sbooks,familyphotos,wonderfulmusicandmostimportantly,theabilityanddesiretoburstintosong.In1998,mymotherwas__1__foraseatintheAlaskaHouseofRepresentatives.Whenheropponentwon,Iwassortof__2__.Afewweeksbefore,Igotthecall—the__3__wasback.Yearsearlier,whenshewastheagethatIamnow,shewas__4__withtheterriblediseaseforthefirsttime.Inherusualmanner,shetookcareofbusiness,__5__myofferstoehomeandhelp.Thistimeitwas__6__.Itwouldmarchonthroughherbones,lungs,liverand__7__brain,yetshekeptsinging,talking__8__keepingpeoplebusy.One__9__toldme,“Idon'tknowhowto__10__it,Anne,wefoundcancerineverypartofherbody.Idon'tknowhowshekeepsongoing.”Mymotherwas__11__.“Idon'tknowwhyeveryoneisactinglikeI'mdying，”she__12__.However,shelivedeverysinglemoment,rightupuntiltheoneinwhichshedied.TherearemanydayswhenI__13__mymother—todaywasoneofthem.IthoughtofherwhenIwaswalkingmydogandlookingattheblossoms__14__outallaroundme.Iheardhersaying,“Aren'tyou__15...tohaveallthesebeautifulcherryblossoms...”Sheloved__16__andeventhoughshehadbeengone10years,Icanstill__17__her.Butsheisn'taroundtoseewhatamazingkidsIhave.Shewouldbeso__18__ofthemall.StillIknowthatIhavetobethankfulforhavingsomanymemories.Itwassuchagift,thisspringday,tohavethe__19__ofmymother.Everychild__20__tohavesuchagift—thememoryofamother.语篇解读：虽然作者的母亲身患癌症，但是她对患病的态度及反应都是积极的。虽然作者的母亲已经去世好多年了，但作者还是非常想念她，还能感受到她的存在。A.caringA.caring B．runningC．waiting D．longing解析：选B此处的run的意思是竞选。在1998年，母亲参加竞选阿拉斯加众议院的一个席位。2．A.ashamed B．relievedC．surprised D．disappointed解析：选B母亲没有竞选上使作者松了一口气。因为她已经知道母亲的癌症已经复发了。她也希望母亲不要被选上。3．A.cancer B．difficultyC．news D．ambition解析：选A根据后文可以知道，母亲的癌症复发了。4．A.covered B．equippedC．connected D．diagnosed解析：选Dbediagnosedwith“被诊断出”。5．A.applying B．enjoyingC．refusing D．forcing解析：选C虽然母亲被诊断出癌症，但是她还是在做自己的事业，拒绝我提出的回家帮忙的建议。6．A.constant B．differentC．valid D．stable解析：选B这次癌症的复发比之前的还要严重，跟上一次完全不一样(different)。7．A.finally B．fluentlyC．silently D．slightly解析：选A这里描述了这次癌症复发会到骨头、肺、肝脏，最后会到大脑。8．A.and B．butC．or D．so解析：选A但是虽然是这样，母亲还是和平时一样，继续唱歌、说话和让大家忙碌。9．A.chemist B．doctorC．friend D．visitor解析：选B因为后面讲到的是母亲的病情，因此根据上下文可知，此处只能是医生。10．A.explain B．denyC．prove D．change解析：选A医生说他不知道怎么跟我解释，癌症已经扩散到了母亲的全身，但母亲还是表现得跟以前一样。11．A.moved B．annoyedC．scared D．excited解析：选B母亲对于大家对她的态度和做法感到有点生气(annoyed)。12．A.apologized B．plainedC．charged D．approved解析：选B母亲说大家对待她就像是对待一个垂死之人，说话的语气是抱怨的。13．A.treat B．supportC．miss D．blame解析：选C母亲去世之后，作者非常想念她。14．Aing B．settingC．breaking D．turning解析：选Aeout“开花”。这里指作者看到花园里盛开的花，想到了母亲以前对她说的话。15．A.upset B．luckyC．greedy D．generous解析：选B能够看到拥有这么漂亮的花，真是幸运。16．A.winter B．autumnC．summer D．spring解析：选D从最后一段可知，现在是春天，母亲喜欢的季节。17．A.see B．feelC．touch D．smell解析：选B虽然母亲已经去世10年了，但是作者还是能感受得到她。18．A.afraid B．proudC．jealous D．aware解析：选B母亲看到这些孩子们，一定会为他们感到骄傲。19．A.choice B．wealthC．memory D．practice解析：选C作者发表感触，在春天的这样一个日子里，能够有对母亲的记忆真是一件礼物。20．A.aims B．agreesC．deserves D．happens解析：选C每个孩子都理应有这样的一份礼物，就是有对母亲的回忆。二、高考题型组合练(限时50分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解Nothingsucceedslikesuccess,aseveryparentofastraight­Astudentknows,buttryingtohighlightacademicexcellencebytellingyourchild,“You'resosmart，”maybecounterproductive(适得其反的)．Tellingkidsthey'resmartstrengthenstheideathatintelligenceisageneticgiftratherthanaskillthatcanbedeveloped.Inarecentstudy,researchersatMichiganStateUniversitylookedat123childrenwhowereabout7.Theteamassessedthechildrentodeterminewhethertheyhada“growthmindset(思维模式)”(believingthatyoucanworkhardertogetsmarter),ora“fixedmindset”(believingthatyourintelligenceisunabletochange)．Theythenaskedthechildrentopleteafast­pacedputeraccuracytaskwhiletheirbrainactivitywasrecorded.Inthetask,childrenplayedagame,helpingazookeepercaptureescapedanimalsbypressingthespacebarwhenananimalshowedupontheirscreen—unlessitwasagroupofthreechimps.Duringtherecording,researchersnotedthatbrainactivityspikedwithinahalf­secondaftermakingamistake,aschildrenbecameawareoftheirerrorandpaidcloserattentiontowhatwentwrong.Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildrenfocusedontheerror.Basedonthedatatheycollected,theresearchersconcludedthatchildrenwitha“growthmindset”weremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake,andinturnweremorelikelytoimprovetheirperformancebypayingcloserattentiontothetaskaftermakinganerror.Forparents,thelessonsareclear:don'tpaypliments(赞扬)thatsuggestthatintelligenceisfixed.IfachildhandsyouanA＋testpaper,don'tsay,“You'resosmart！”Insteadsay,“Wow,thatstudyingreallypaidoff！”Notetheeffort,nottheintelligence.Second,focusonusingerrorstoworktogetherandlearn.“Manyparentsandteachersshyawayfromaddressingachild'smistakes,tellingthem‘It'sOK.You'llgetitnexttime.’withoutgivingthemtheopportunitytofigureoutwhatwentwrong，”Dr.Schrodersays.Hereareadditionalwaysyoucanhelpenhanceyourchild'seducation.语篇解读：本文主要讨论了家长如何应对孩子的成就，尤其是不要对孩子说“你真聪明！”。1．Whatcanwelearnaboutchildren'smindsetfromthestudy?A．Childrenarebornwithafixedorgrowthmindset.B．Childrenwithafixedmindsetpaynoattentiontomistakes.C．Childrenwithagrowthmindsetaremorelikelytomakeprogress.D．Childrenwithagrowthmindsetcancatchmoreanimalsinthegame.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段的整体内容尤其是“andinturnweremorelikelytoimprovetheirperformancebypayingcloserattentiontothetaskaftermakinganerror”可知，具备成长式思维模式的孩子更容易进步，故选C。2．Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“spiked”inParagraph2?A．Started. B．Stopped.C．Paused. D．Rose.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词所在句及最后一句“Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildrenfocusedontheerror.”可推知，画线词表示“激增”，故选D。3．Whatshouldparentssaytochildren'sperformanceaccordingtothepassage?A．“Youaresoclever！”forexcellence.B．“It'snotgoodenough.”forexcellence.C．“Youcanbenefitfromit.”foramistake.D．“It'sOK.Forgetaboutit.”foramistake.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是“Second,focusonusingerrorstoworktogetherandlearn”可知，孩子在犯错时，家长应该鼓励其从错误中学习，并有所改进，故选C。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．NeverCallYourKidSmartB．AlwaysBeStrictwithYourKidC．HowtomunicatewithYourKidD．HowtomentonYourKid'sPerformance解析：选A标题归纳题。第一段第一句“Nothingsucceedslikesuccess...maybecounterproductive(适得其反的)．”开篇点题，再结合本文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讨论的是家长在应对孩子的成就时，不要说“你真聪明！”，故选A。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Myfatherusedtobeanamateurwrestlerandnationalchampion.Hewasforcedbyhisfathertogiveupthesportinordertoobtaingainfulemployment,whichmeanthewouldn'tbeabletowinamedalforourcountry.Therefore,hemadeavowthathisunbornsonwouldrealizehisunfinisheddream.__1__Hewasabouttogiveuphopewhenoneday,myyoungersisterBabitaandIbeatuptwoboysaccidentallyinresponsetocriticalments.Mydadfoundourpotentialtobeewrestlersandbegancoachingus.__2__Wewererequiredtodophysicaltrainingearlyinthemorningandhaveshorthaircutstoavoidlice.__3__Weplainedabouthimallthetime.Gradually,Irealizedthathewantedustohaveagoodfutureandnotgrowuptobeordinaryhousewives.Motivated,wewillinglyparticipatedinhiscoaching.Withgreatefforts,hemadeuspetitivewrestlersandIwonjuniorandseniorchampionships,providingmewithachancetogaintrainingintheNationalSportsAcademy,whereprideandagonyfulfilledmymind.__4__Asaresult,Ifoundmyselflosingeverymatchattheinternationallevel.Afterthat,Iturnedtohimforhelp.Thenhecoachedmepatiently.Despitedifficulty,IfinallybecamethefirstIndianfemalewrestlertoqualifyfortheOlympics,inspiringdozensofIndianwomentotaketowrestling.Evennow,Papa'swordsarestillinmymind“Geeta,thinkaboutallthegirlswhoarethoughttobeinferiortoboys,girlswhoareforcedtodochores,girlswhoaremarriedandhavechildren.Notonlywillyoupetewithothercountries,butalsowiththosewholookdownuponwomen！”Iwillneverforgetaboutfather'sinstruction.__5__A．Buthismethodswerecruel.B．IalmostabandonedwhatPapahadtaughtme.C．Disappointingly,mymothergavebirthtoallgirls.D．MysisterandItriedtoescape.E．Iwillalwaysoweallsuccesstohim.F．Atfirst,mysisterandIdidnotunderstandourfather.G．However,mymotherdidn'tagreewithhim.语篇解读：“我”的爸爸曾经是业余的摔跤运动员和全国冠军，但被迫放弃了摔跤，他把所