河南省鹤壁市2024-2025学年高二下学期教学质量调研测试英语试题【含答案解析】

2024—2025学年下期高二教学质量调研测试英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredidthewomanprobablygolastnight?A.Amovietheater.B.Aclothingstore.C.Asportscenter.2.Howdoesthemansound?A.Confident.B.Surprised.C.Regretful.3.WhenwilltheBrownsprobablycomeoverforlunch?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.4.Whydoesthewomanrefusetheinvitation?A.Shedislikesbadminton.B.Shehasanappointmentwithherdoctor.CSheneedstoaccompanyafamilymember.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Alecture.B.Ateacher.C.Asubject.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatcausedthewomantoconsidergivingup?A.Failureinanexam.B.Criticismfromtheclassmates.C.Difficultyinfollowingherteacher.7.Howdoesthemanrespondtothewoman’sconcern?A.Bymakingacalltoherteacher.B.Byrelatingtohispastexperiences.C.Bypromisingtoassistherinphysics.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whereisthemanaskedtowait?A.Intheseatingarea.B.Inthemanager’soffice.C.Intheinterviewroom.9.Whatarethecompany’shiringpracticeslike?A.Theydonotconsidernewgraduates.B.Theypreferexperiencedprofessionals.C.Theyarrangemultipleinterviewsonaday.10.Whatcanweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasnorelatedworkexperience.B.Hehasworkedintheelectronicsfieldbefore.C.Hehasn’tpreparedwellfortheinterview.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whydoesthewomancometotheman?A.Toarrangeameeting.B.Toaskforhisopinion.C.Toinformhimofadecision.12.Howmanymembersdoesthewoman’steamhaveatpresent?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.13.Whycan’tthemanjointhewoman’steam?A.Hemissedtheproject’sdeadline.B.Hisperformanceisunsatisfactory.C.Theteamhasreachedthememberlimit.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Hostandguest.B.Professorandstudent.C.Petkeeperandanimaldoctor.15.Whatdrivesbirdstoadjusttheirsingingvolume?A.Competitionwitheachother.B.Changeinweatherconditions.C.Loudbackgroundnoise.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Teachbirdidentification.B.Playsomebirdsinging.C.Promoteawarenessofnoisepollution.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Callingforvolunteers.B.Introducinganactivity.C.Sharinganadventure.18.Whatitemsaren’tstudentsallowedtobring?A.Pointedsticks.B.Musicalinstruments.C.Variouscameras.19.Whatcanparentsdoiftheywearcostumes?AJoinintheparade.B.Helporganizetheevent.C.Standinthemiddleofwalkways.20.Whatshouldnon-participatingstudentsdoduringtheevent?A.Staywiththeirinstructor.B.Gotothecafeteria.C.Waitinthestaffroom.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AJuneinEurope-puremagic!Thecontinenthitsthatperfectsweetspot,wheretheweather’samazing.Whetheryou’regoingafterMediterraneanatmosphere,orcharmingold-worldstreets,thefollowingcitiesabsolutelyshineinJune.Zagreb,CroatiaZagrebfeelslikeEurope’sbest-keptsecret,especiallyinJune,whentemperatureshitmid-70s℉.Thiscityoperatesoncaffeineandconversation—localsliftcoffee-drinkingtothesamepositionasanOlympicsport.TheUpperTown’scobblestone(鹅卵石)streetsarestraightoutofafairytale.Plus,INmusicFestivalbringscoolbandstoLakeJarun,buttherealmagichappensineverydaymoments:surpriseparkconcerts.Valencia,SpainValenciainJuneisabsolutefire—literally!ThemonthpeaksinLasHoguerasdeSanJuan(June23—24),whenthebeacheruptswithbonfires,fireworks,andpartiescelebratingthesummersolstice(夏至),awell-knownsolarterm.Beforethatgrandending,you’llenjoyperfectlywarm80°Fdays,exploringacitythatcapturesthebeach-meets-cultureatmosphere.Trondheim,NorwayTrondheiminJuneisastrangebutwonderfulplacewherethesunbarelysets,andyoulosetrackoftime,withtemperaturesaroundapleasant65℉.Theendlessdaysgiveyousupernaturalenergytoexplorethisuniqueuniversitytownwherecutting-edgeNorwegiandesignmeetsthousand-year-oldtraditions.Joinlocalsformidnighthikes,unplannedharborswims,andfestivalsthatseemtoneverend.Paris,FranceForgetParisinApril;JuneiswhentheCityofLightreallyshines!TheSeine’sbankstransformintoamassivehangoutspotwherelocalssharewineandlaughsuntilsunset.Cafeplatformsarecrowded.Don’tmissFetedelaMusiqueonJune21,whentheentirecitybecomesonegiantconcertwithfreeperformanceseverywhereincelebrationofthesummersolstice.PacksomesnacksforaneveningpicnicbeneaththeEiffelTower,andthenwatchitsparkleastwilightfinallyarrives.1.WhatcanvisitorsdoinZagrebinJune?A.Pickaspecialkindofstones. B.Appreciatesurpriseconcerts.C.WatchOlympiccompetitions. D.Learnhowtomakecoffee.2.WhatdoactivitiesinValenciaandParishaveincommon?A.Theyfeaturethethemeoffire. B.Theyattachgreatimportancetoliterature.C.Theyfocusspecificallyonlocalcuisine. D.Theyincludecelebrationsforasolarterm.3.Whichcountryoffersauniqueexperienceofnearlycontinuousdaylight?A.Spain. B.Croatia. C.Norway. D.France.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了欧洲四座城市在六月份各自的特色活动和魅力。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Zagreb,Croatia部分中“Plus,INmusicFestivalbringscoolbandstoLakeJarun,buttherealmagichappensineverydaymoments:surpriseparkconcerts.(此外，INmusic音乐节会将酷炫的乐队带到Jarun湖，但真正的魔力其实体现在日常生活中的惊喜公园音乐会上)”可知，六月份游客可以在Zagreb

欣赏惊喜音乐会。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Valencia,Spain部分中“ThemonthpeaksinLasHoguerasdeSanJuan(June23—24),whenthebeacheruptswithbonfires,fireworks,andpartiescelebratingthesummersolstice(夏至),awell-knownsolarterm.(六月的Valencia在LasHoguerasdeSanJuan（6月23日至24日）达到高潮，届时海滩上将燃起篝火、绽放烟花，人们还会举办派对庆祝夏至这一著名的节气)”和Paris,France部分中“Don’tmissFetedelaMusiqueonJune21,whentheentirecitybecomesonegiantconcertwithfreeperformanceseverywhereincelebrationofthesummersolstice.(不要错过6月21日的FêtedelaMusique，届时整个城市将变成一场大型音乐会，到处都有免费表演来庆祝夏至)”可知，Valencia和Paris活动的共同点是它们都包括对节气——夏至的庆祝。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Trondheim,Norway部分中“TrondheiminJuneisastrangebutwonderfulplacewherethesunbarelysets,andyoulosetrackoftime,withtemperaturesaroundapleasant65℉.(六月的Trondheim是一个奇特而美妙的地方，那里几乎看不到日落，气温宜人，大约在华氏65度左右，让人感觉时间飞逝)”可知，挪威提供几乎不间断的白昼的独特体验。故选C。BFortwoyears,sorrowmadeherbodyfeellikeapressure-cooker.“Itwasn’tuntilmyjunioryearthatIdiscoveredsomethingthatreallyhelpedwiththereleaseofmyemotions,”saidBrookeStanford,wholosthermother,Andrea,topancreaticcancertwoweeksbeforearrivingoncampusasafreshmanofBostonCollege.“Theonethingthatreallyhelpedwasrunning.”NowStanfordisusingthesporttohonorhermotherandliftotherfamiliesfacingthedisease.She’sbeentrainingforthisyear’sBostonMarathonwhilerequestingdonationsforProjectPurple,anonprofitdevotedtofightingpancreaticcancerandsupportingpatients.Everyyear,theBostonAthleticAssociationpartnerswithasetofcharities,whichinturncallformarathonerstoraisemoneyaheadoftheraceday.Stanfordwon’tbetheonlycollegerunnerhittingthe26.2-milecourseforalovedoneonApril21.Eachofthesestudentsiscompetingforastrongfinishandasubstantialcollectionforacauseclosetotheheart.StanforddiscoveredProjectPurplelastsummerwhilegoingthroughalistofapprovedcharitiesforthemarathon.“IknewIwouldwanttorunforsomesortofcancerresearchorganization,butIdidn’tthinkthattherewouldbeonesofittingbecauseofwhatIhadbeenthrough,”shesaid.“Afterthat,ImadeitmyNo.1missiontogetaspotontheProjectPurpleteam.IspentmuchlongerdoingthatthanonanyassignmentHarvardhasevergivenme.”Thefirst-timemarathonerhascontinuedgivingitherall.Sheachievedher$50,000goaltwomonthsagoandcurrentlyranksamongtheTop10ofBostonMarathonfundraisersthisyear.AccordingtoKampf,shealsoranksamongProjectPurple’smostsuccessfulcharityrunnersever.“IwasjustsoexcitedthatIgottodothis—anddoitformymom.Insomeways,IfeellikeI’vefoundmylife’spurpose,”Stanfordsaid.“IwanttoworkmorewithProjectPurple.Iwanttomakeadifference.Iwanttohelpendpancreaticcancer.”4.WhatdroveStanfordtostartrunning?A.Theunbearablesadness. B.Theacademicpressure.C.Theaimtoimprovephysicalhealth. D.Thedesiretomeethermother’sexpectations.5.WhydidStanfordchoosetosupportProjectPurple?A.Itofferedthehighestfundraisingrewards.B.Itstrainingprogramswerethemostprofessional.C.Itsgoalscloselymatchedherpersonalexperience.D.ItwasrecommendedbytheBostonAthleticAssociation.6.WhatdoesStanford’scurrentfundraisingachievementdemonstrate?A.Thepopularityofcharitymarathonruns.B.Herremarkablecommitmenttothecause.C.Thenecessityofsettingdonationtargets.D.HerdevotiontopublicizingProjectPurple.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeStanford?A.Talentedandhumble. B.Sympatheticanddetermined.C.Competitiveanddisciplined. D.Ambitiousandhumorous.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述BrookeStanford因母亲患胰腺癌离世而陷入悲伤，她通过跑步缓解情绪，并为致力于对抗胰腺癌的ProjectPurple筹款，以纪念母亲并帮助其他患者家庭。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Fortwoyears,sorrowmadeherbodyfeellikeapressure-cooker.“Itwasn’tuntilmyjunioryearthatIdiscoveredsomethingthatreallyhelpedwiththereleaseofmyemotions,”saidBrookeStanford,wholosthermother,Andrea,topancreaticcancertwoweeksbeforearrivingoncampusasafreshmanofBostonCollege.“Theonethingthatreallyhelpedwasrunning.”(两年来，悲伤让她的身体仿佛一个高压锅。‘直到大三我才发现真正有助于释放我情绪的东西。’BrookeStanford说，她在作为波士顿学院大一新生入学前两周，母亲Andrea因胰腺癌去世。‘真正有帮助的一件事就是跑步’)”可知，是难以忍受的悲伤驱使Stanford开始跑步。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“StanforddiscoveredProjectPurplelastsummerwhilegoingthroughalistofapprovedcharitiesforthemarathon.“IknewIwouldwanttorunforsomesortofcancerresearchorganization,butIdidn’tthinkthattherewouldbeonesofittingbecauseofwhatIhadbeenthrough,”shesaid.(Stanford去年夏天在浏览马拉松批准慈善机构名单时发现了ProjectPurple。‘我知道我想为某个癌症研究组织跑步，但我没想到会有一个如此契合我经历的组织。’她说。)”可知，Stanford选择支持ProjectPurple是因为它的目标与她的个人经历紧密匹配。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Thefirst-timemarathonerhascontinuedgivingitherall.Sheachievedher$50,000goaltwomonthsagoandcurrentlyranksamongtheTop10ofBostonMarathonfundraisersthisyear.AccordingtoKampf,shealsoranksamongProjectPurple’smostsuccessfulcharityrunnersever.(这位首次参加马拉松的选手一直在全力以赴。她两个月前就完成了5万美元的目标，目前在今年波士顿马拉松筹款者中排名前10。据Kampf说，她也是ProjectPurple有史以来最成功的慈善跑者之一)”可知，Stanford目前的筹款成就表明了她对这项事业非凡的投入。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“IwasjustsoexcitedthatIgottodothis—anddoitformymom.Insomeways,IfeellikeI’vefoundmylife’spurpose,”Stanfordsaid.“IwanttoworkmorewithProjectPurple.Iwanttomakeadifference.Iwanttohelpendpancreaticcancer.”(‘我很兴奋我能做这件事——为了我妈妈做这件事。在某些方面，我觉得我找到了人生的目标。’Stanford说：‘我想和ProjectPurple有更多合作。我想有所作为。我想帮助终结胰腺癌’)”以及第二段中“NowStanfordisusingthesporttohonorhermotherandliftotherfamiliesfacingthedisease.She’sbeentrainingforthisyear’sBostonMarathonwhilerequestingdonationsforProjectPurple,anonprofitdevotedtofightingpancreaticcancerandsupportingpatients.

(现在，斯坦福大学正在利用这项运动来纪念她的母亲，并帮助其他面临这种疾病的家庭。她一直在为今年的波士顿马拉松进行训练，同时为紫色项目（ProjectPurple）募捐，这是一个致力于抗击胰腺癌和支持患者的非营利组织。)”可知，Stanford因母亲患胰腺癌离世，深知这种疾病给家庭带来的痛苦，所以选择为对抗胰腺癌的组织筹款，帮助其他面临同样疾病的家庭，这体现了她富有同情心（Sympathetic）；同时她明确表达想要和ProjectPurple有更多合作，帮助终结胰腺癌，展现出她坚定的决心，体现了她意志坚定（determined）。故选B项。CAnewlydevelopedsystemcombiningAIandroboticshasbeenhelpingamanwithtetraplegia(四肢瘫痪)turnhisthoughtsintomechanicalarmmovements-includingholdingandreleasingobjects—withthesystemworkingforsevenmonthswithoutreadjustment.That’swaybeyondthehandfulofdaysthatthesesetupstypicallylastforbeforetheyhavetobeadjusted—whichshowsthepromiseandpotentialofthetech,accordingtotheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco(UCSF)researchteam.Crucialtothebrain-computerinterface(BCI)systemaretheAIalgorithms(算法)usedtomatchspecificbrainsignalstospecificmovements.Themanisabletowatchtherobotarmmovementsinrealtimewhileimaginingthem,andachievegreateraccuracywiththeroboticactions,becauseifanythinggoesagainsthisoriginalintentions,hecanrectifyitintime.“ThiscombinationoflearningbetweenhumansandAIisthenextphaseforthesebrain-computerinterfaces,”saysneurologistKaruneshGanguly,fromUCSF.“It’swhatweneedtoachievecomplicated,life-likefunctions.”Guidingtheroboticarmthroughthoughtsalone,themancouldopenacupboard,takeoutacup,andplaceitunderawaterfountain.Thetechhasgreatpotentialtosupportpeoplewithdisabilityinawidevarietyofactions.Amongthediscoveriesmadeduringthecourseoftheresearch,theteamfoundthattheshapeofthebrainpatternsrelatedtomovementstayedthesame,buttheirlocationchangedslightlyovertime—somethingthat’sthoughttohappenasthebrainlearnsandtakesonnewinformation.TheAIwasabletoaddressthischangethankstothealgorithms,whichmeantthesystemdidn’tneedfrequentadjustment.What’smore,theresearchersareconfidentthatthespeedandtheaccuracyofthesetupcanbeimprovedovertime.Notably,thesystemfunctionedentirelythroughwillpoweralone,withnomachineassistance.Thesystemhasgivenvoicestothosewhocannolongerspeakandhelpedamanwithtetraplegiaplaygamesofchess.Whilethere’sstillalotmoreworktodo,asthetechnologykeepsonimproving,morecomplexactionswillbecomepossible.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rectify”inparagraph2mean?A.Correct. B.Ignore. C.Repeat. D.Simplify.9.WhatcanweknowabouttheBCIsystem?A.Itneedsexternaldevicestointerpretbrainsignals.B.Itrequiresuserstoverballycommandtheroboticarm.C.Itiscurrentlylimitedtobasicmovementslikeholdingobjects.D.Itenablesuserstoperformcomplexdailytasksindependently.10.HowdoestheAIalgorithmcontributetotheBCIsystem’seffectiveness?A.Bypredictingerrorsinreal-timeroboticactions.B.Byenhancingthespeedofroboticarmmovements.C.Byadaptingtoslightchangesinbrainsignallocations.D.Byfixingthelocationofbrainpatternsrelatedtomovement.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheBCIsystem’sfuture?A.Optimistic. B.Uncaring. C.Worried. D.Doubtful.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型脑机接口（BCI）系统如何通过结合AI和机器人技术，帮助四肢瘫痪患者通过思想控制机械臂完成日常动作，并探讨了其技术原理、优势及未来潜力。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Themanisabletowatchtherobotarmmovementsinrealtimewhileimaginingthem,andachievegreateraccuracywiththeroboticactions,becauseifanythinggoesagainsthisoriginalintentions,hecan

rectify itintime.(该男子能够在想象的同时实时观察机器人手臂的运动，并通过机器人动作实现更高的准确性，因为如果有任何违背他初衷的事情，他可以及时rectify)”可知，如果机械臂的动作与他的初衷有任何违背，他就能及时纠正，这样才能通过机器人动作实现更高的准确性，故画线词意思是“纠正”。A选项“Correct.(纠正)”符合题意。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Guidingtheroboticarmthroughthoughtsalone,themancouldopenacupboard,takeoutacup,andplaceitunderawaterfountain.Thetechhasgreatpotentialtosupportpeoplewithdisabilityinawidevarietyofactions.(仅通过思维控制机械臂，这名男子就能打开橱柜、取出杯子并将其放置在饮水机下方。这项技术在支持残疾人士进行各种动作方面具有巨大潜力。)”可知，这项技术有很大的潜力，可以帮助残疾人在各种行动中获得支持。由此可知，BCI系统能够让用户独立执行复杂的日常任务。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Amongthediscoveriesmadeduringthecourseoftheresearch,theteamfoundthattheshapeofthebrainpatternsrelatedtomovementstayedthesame,buttheirlocationchangedslightlyovertime—somethingthat’sthoughttohappenasthebrainlearnsandtakesonnewinformation.TheAIwasabletoaddressthischangethankstothealgorithms,whichmeantthesystemdidn’tneedfrequentadjustment.

(在研究过程中，研究团队发现，与运动相关的大脑信号模式的形状保持不变，但它们的位置会随着时间的推移而略有变化——这被认为是大脑在学习和接收新信息时发生的情况。人工智能之所以能够应对这种变化，要归功于算法，这意味着该系统无需频繁调整。)”可知，AI算法通过适应脑信号位置的轻微变化（而非预测错误、提升速度或固定位置）提升系统有效性。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Notably,thesystemfunctionedentirelythroughwillpoweralone,withnomachineassistance.Thesystemhasgivenvoicestothosewhocannolongerspeakandhelpedamanwithtetraplegiaplaygamesofchess.Whilethere’sstillalotmoreworktodo,asthetechnologykeepsonimproving,morecomplexactionswillbecomepossible.(值得注意的是，该系统完全依靠人的意志力运行，没有机器辅助。该系统为那些无法说话的人赋予了声音，并帮助一位四肢瘫痪的男子下象棋。虽然还有大量的工作要做，但随着技术的不断进步，更复杂的动作也将成为可能。)”可知，针对该系统虽然有大量的工作要做，但随着技术的不断进步，更复杂的动作也将成为可能，并且可以为人类提供帮助，由此作者对BCI系统的未来持乐观态度。故选A。DScientistsinHawaiihavediscoveredanewspeciesofmoth(蛾),anditscaterpillar,theearlystageinthedevelopmentofmoths,hasanunusuallifestyle.Itlivesinspiders’webs,eatinginsectsitfindsthere.Toprotectitselffromthespiders,thecaterpillarcoversitselfwithbodypartsfromdeadinsects,earningitthename“bonecollectorcaterpillar”.Bonecollectorcaterpillarsbelongto“fancycase”caterpillars,uniquetoHawaii.Whilemostinthisgroupmakesilkcasesordecoratethemwithnearbymaterials,bonecollectorcaterpillarstakeitfurther—theycarefullyselectandcutbitsofdeadinsectbodiestocovertheircases.Andthey’renotjustsatisfiedwithanyoldpartstheyfind.Instead,theyconstructtheircasesbycarefullychoosingbitsofinsectbodiesandcuttingthemtojustthesizetheyneed.Whywouldacaterpillardecorateitself?Theansweristhattheyliveinspiderwebs—averydangerousplaceforaninsect.Spiderwebsaregreatplacestofindfoodthatthespidersdon’teat,butthebonecollectorcaterpillarsdon’twanttobecomefoodthemselves.Bywrappingthemselveswithpiecesofdeadinsects,theyseemtofoolthespidersintoignoringthem.It’satoughwaytomakealiving,butitseemstowork.ScientistDanielRubinoffsaidthefirsttimehesawone,hejustcouldn’tbelieveit.Bonecollectorcaterpillarsareextremelyrare.Dr.Rubinofffirstdiscoveredonein2008.Sincethen,just62ofthemhavebeenfoundinall.TheinsectsareonlyfoundinasmallareaonthesideofamountainonHawaii’sOahuIsland.Theymainlychoosespiderwebsintreesorinholesinrocks.However,spidersaren’ttheonlythreatstocaterpillars.Overtime,invasive(入侵的)specieshavebeentakingoverHawaii’snaturalforests.Astheforestsaroundthemchange,itcouldbecomeharderforthecaterpillarstosurvive.Luckily,bonecollectorcaterpillarsseemtobeabletomanage,eveninthewebsofspidersthatdon’toriginallycomefromHawaii.12.Whatdistinguishesbonecollectorcaterpillarsfromother“fancycase”caterpillars?A.Theyusedeadinsectpartsfordecoration. B.Theyfeedonspiders’leftovers.C.TheylivemainlyinHawaii’sforests. D.Theymakesilkcasesforprotection.13.Whydobonecollectorcaterpillarschoosetoliveinspiderwebs?A.Theyrelyonspiderstohelpfindmates.B.Theylackthebasicabilitytobuildnests.C.Spiderwebsprovideeasyaccesstofoodsources.D.Spiderwebsprotectthemfrominvasivespecies.14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutbonecollectorcaterpillarsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Invasivespeciesmeanagreatthreattotheirsurvival.B.Scientistshavefullyunderstoodtheirsurvivalmechanism.C.Theyhaveadjustedtospiderwebsbeyondtheiroriginalhabitat.D.Theirpopulationhasexperiencedgreatupsanddownssince2008.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheFancyCaseCaterpillarsinHawaiiB.IncreasingThreatsFacingBoneCollectorCaterpillarsC.TheFightBetweenSpidersandCaterpillarsinHawaiiD.RareBoneCollectorCaterpillarsLivinginSpiderWebs【答案】12.A13.C14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了夏威夷科学家发现的一种新蛾类幼虫——收骨虫蛾幼虫。这种幼虫生活在蜘蛛网上，以网上找到的昆虫为食，并用死昆虫的身体部位覆盖自己以躲避蜘蛛的捕食，因此得名“收骨虫蛾幼虫”。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Whilemostinthisgroupmakesilkcasesordecoratethemwithnearbymaterials,bonecollectorcaterpillarstakeitfurther—theycarefullyselectandcutbitsofdeadinsectbodiestocovertheircases.(虽然这个群体中的大多数都用丝做茧或者用附近的材料装饰茧，但收骨虫蛾幼虫却更进一步——它们精心挑选并切割死昆虫的尸体碎片来覆盖自己的茧。)”可知，收骨虫蛾幼虫用死昆虫的身体部位来装饰自己的茧，这是它们与其他“花哨茧”蛾类幼虫的区别。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Spiderwebsaregreatplacestofindfoodthatthespidersdon’teat,butthebonecollectorcaterpillarsdon’twanttobecomefoodthemselves.(蜘蛛网是寻找蜘蛛不吃的食物的好地方，但收骨虫蛾幼虫自己不想成为食物。)”可推知，收骨虫蛾幼虫选择在蜘蛛网上生活是因为蜘蛛网为它们提供了容易获取的食物来源。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“However,spidersaren’ttheonlythreatstocaterpillars.Overtime,invasive(入侵的)specieshavebeentakingoverHawaii’snaturalforests.(然而，蜘蛛并不是对幼虫的唯一威胁。随着时间的推移，入侵物种已经占领了夏威夷的天然森林。)”以及“Luckily,bonecollectorcaterpillarsseemtobeabletomanage,eveninthewebsofspidersthatdon’toriginallycomefromHawaii.(幸运的是，收骨虫蛾幼虫似乎能够适应，即使是在原本不属于夏威夷的蜘蛛的网中。)”可推知，收骨虫蛾幼虫已经适应了它们原生栖息地以外的蜘蛛网。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中的“ScientistsinHawaiihavediscoveredanewspeciesofmoth(蛾),anditscaterpillar,theearlystageinthedevelopmentofmoths,hasanunusuallifestyle.Itlivesinspiders’webs,eatinginsectsitfindsthere.(夏威夷的科学家发现了一种新的蛾类，它的幼虫，即蛾类发育的早期阶段，有着不寻常的生活方式。它生活在蜘蛛网上，吃在那里找到的昆虫。)”以及文章主要围绕这种生活在蜘蛛网上的罕见收骨虫蛾幼虫进行介绍可知，D选项“RareBoneCollectorCaterpillarsLivinginSpiderWebs(生活在蜘蛛网上的罕见收骨虫蛾幼虫)”最符合文章主旨。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Asthesayinggoes,“Nothingiscertainexceptdeathandtaxes”____16____Astheonlyconstantinlife,changeshapeshumanexperiencesinprofoundways,demandingbothadaptabilityandresilience(韧性).“Themoreweresistchange,themorewesuffer.There’saphraseIlike.Itsays,‘Letgoorbedragged,’”saidRobertWaldinger,directoroftheHarvardStudyonAdultDevelopment,oneofthelongest-runningstudiesonhumanhappinessandwell-being.____17____Ashumans,weareconstantlychanging.Sometimeschangeispursuedintentionally,whenwesetgoals,forexample.____18____RichardWeissbourd,alecturerattheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducation,notedthatdisappointment—apainfulgapbetweenexpectationsandreality—isfrequentlyoverlookedasastimulantforchange.Whentheconceptsweidealizefallapart,weareleftwithadecision:eitherwebecomebitter,orwedevelopadeepcomprehensionofrealitythatboostsourabilitytobounceback.MahzarinBanaji,anexperimentalpsychologistwhohasresearchedbeliefs,statedthatevenourprejudices,shapedbynewcircumstancesovertime,canchange.Herresearchshowsthatexposuretodiverseperspectivescanshiftlong-heldviews.____19____Ithighlightsthepowertoreinventourselves.____20____Byfacingchallengesdirectly,turningfailuresintolessons,andbeingkindtoourselves,wecanshiftfromjustadjustingtosurvivetochoosingtogrowonpurpose.AsBanaji’sstudiesshow,changeisn’tjustunavoidable-it’sfullofchances,butonlyifwedecidetoactonthem.A.Thischallengesthebeliefthatidentitiesarefixed.B.Ultimately,handlingchangedependsontakingcontrol.C.However,there’sanothersurethingtoaddtothatlist:change.D.Butchangealsohappenswithoutusknowingit,andnotalwaysforthebetter.E.Weusuallycausechangeonpurposebysettinggoalsandpursuingourdreams.F.Hisresearchdemonstratesthatencounteringvariousviewpointsiscommoninourlife.G.Hisstudyhighlightshowacceptingchangecaneasestressandencouragepersonaldevelopment.【答案】16.C17.G18.D19.A20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过哈佛大学多位学者的研究，探讨了“变化是生活不变的主题”这一核心观点，分析了抗拒变化带来的痛苦与主动接纳变化对个人发展的积极意义。【16题详解】根据前文“Nothingiscertainexceptdeathandtaxes(除了死亡和税收，没有什么是确定的。)”提到死亡和税收是确定的。以及后文说“changeshapeshumanexperiencesinprofoundways(变化以深刻的方式塑造着人类的经历。)”提到变化。C选项“However,there’sanothersurethingtoaddtothatlist:change.(然而，还有另一件确定的事情可以添加到那个列表中：变化。)”起到了承上启下的作用，引出了关于变化的话题。故选C项。【17题详解】根据前面引用了RobertWaldinger说的话“Letgoorbedragged(要么放手，要么被拖着走)”G选项“Hisstudyhighlightshowacceptingchangecaneasestressandencouragepersonaldevelopment.(他的研究强调了接受变化如何能够缓解压力并促进个人发展。)”中的“Hisstudy”指代RobertWaldinger的研究，进一步阐述了接受变化的好处。故选G项。【18题详解】根据前文“Sometimeschangeispursuedintentionally,whenwesetgoals,forexample.(有时变化是有意追求的，例如当我们设定目标时。)”提到变化是有意追求的。D选项“Butchangealsohappenswithoutusknowingit,andnotalwaysforthebetter.(但变化也会在我们不知情的情况下发生，而且并不总是向好的方向发展。)”与前文形成对比，说明了变化的另一种情况。故选D项。【19题详解】根据前面“Herresearchshowsthatexposuretodiverseperspectivescanshiftlong-heldviews.(她的研究表明，接触不同的观点可以改变长期持有的观点。)”提到研究结果：接触不同的观点可以改变自己长期坚持的观点，做出改变。A选项“Thischallengesthebeliefthatidentitiesarefixed.”（这挑战了身份是固定的这一信念）中的“this”指代前面提到的研究结果，进一步说明了研究结果的影响，接受不用的观点挑战固有的身份。故选A项。【20题详解】根据后文“Byfacingchallengesdirectly,turningfailuresintolessons,andbeingkindtoourselves,wecanshiftfromjustadjustingtosurvivetochoosingtogrowonpurpose.(通过直接面对挑战，把失败转化为教训，善待自己，我们可以从仅仅为了生存而调整转变为有目的地选择成长。)”讨论了直面挑战，把失败转化为教训，从而有目的的成长。B选项“Ultimately,handlingchangedependsontakingcontrol.”（最终，应对变化取决于掌控局面）总领后文，说明应对变化需要主动掌控。故选B项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Asahighschoolcounselor,Iknowfirsthandhowunkindkidscanbetoeachother.Buttoday,Isawsomethingthatshowedmejusthow____21____theyreallyare.Itwas“CollegeDay”atourschool.Studentsdressedthemselvesinclothingthat____22____theirfavoriteinstitutionsandprofessions,withourschool____23____theimportanceofpursuingfurthereducationafterhighschool.Atlunch,aquestion-and-answergamewas____24____.Byansweringquestionsaboutscholarshipsandpost-secondaryoptions,theparticipantshadachanceto____25____prizes.Accordingtotherule,sixstudentstookthestageatatimetoplay.Duringone____26____,twoofthestudentswhoparticipatedwerefromourspecial-educationclass.Althoughphysicallydisabled,thesestudentsare____27____—flexible,determined,andfullofheart.Asthegamebegan,Ipreparedmyselftoste