2025届上海青浦区高三英语二模试题及答案

2024学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研英语试卷（时间105分钟，满分115分）2025.4考生注意：1．本试卷共102．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。3．答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。I.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.HowtoStopTakingBadAdviceWaityourturn.""Stayinyourlane.""Fakeittillyoumakeit.”Ifyou'veworkedinanyprofessionalenvironment,you'veprobablyheardadvicelikethisandeventakenit.Atfirstglance,itseemsharmless—motivational,even.Butdigdeeper,andyou'llfindthesestatementscanoftenservetostopprogress,maskdeeperproblems,orencourage(1)__________(healthy)workplacenorms.Understanding(2)__________wefallforbadadviceisthefirststepinresistingit.Inworkplaces,thoseinahighsocialpositionoftenincreasetheinfluenceofcertainvoices.Aboss'ssuggestion,howevermisguided,canfeellikeaninstruction(3)__________achoice.Researchshowsthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowadvicewhenitcomesfromsomeonetheyperceiveasanexpert,(4)__________theadviceisn'tconsistentwiththeirownjudgment.AconceptI(5)_____(research)extensively,insinuationanxiety,isthediscomfortwefeelwhensignalingthatsomeonemightbewrongoruntrustworthy.Rejectingadvicedirectlycanalsorisksocialnegativefeedback.Thisanxietykeepsmanyofussilent,(6)__________(lead)ustofollowadvicewedonottrust.Everytimeweactonbadadvice,wesacrifice(7)__________—ourtime,ourresources,orourconfidence.Breakingthecycleoffollowingbadadvicedoesn'tmeanrejectingallguidance—itmeanslearningtoevaluateadvicecriticallyandmatchittoyourgoalsandvalues.Here'showtostart:1PausebeforeyouactWhen(8)__________(face)withadvice,takeamomenttoassessit.Givingyourselfthisspaceallowsyoutomovefromareactiveresponsetoathoughtfulone.WhenIfinallyquestionedtheadviceto"justbepatient,"Irealizedit(9)__________(hold)meback.Bytakingproactivesteps—seekingmentorsoutsideoftheworkplaceandpursuingmyvalues—Istartedshapingmyowncareerpath,andyoucandothesame.TrustyourexpertiseRemember,youbringyourownknowledgeandexperiencetothetable.Ifadviceconflictswithyourbetterjudgment,trustyourselftomakethecall.Researchshowsthatpeoplefeelmore,notless,guiltywhentheyfollowadvice(10)__________theyknowiswrongandabadoutcomeoccurs.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.controllingB.practicallyG.inefficientH.revolutionaryC.sortD.litterE.claimedI.commercialJ.rebornF.dietK.theoreticallyANewWaytoBreakDown"Unrecyclable"PlasticWasteTheworldismiserableatrecyclingplastics.Currently,just10-15%oftheplasticwastewegenerateannuallyisrecycled—withtherestburned,buriedinlandfillordumpedas(11)__________.Abigpartoftheproblemisthatmuchofthewasteisapileofdifferentdirtyplasticsmixedwithfood,inksandlabels.It'sexpensivetocleanand(12)__________thismessintostreamsofsingle-polymerplastic—thekindthatisgenerallyneededforconventional"mechanical"recycling,inwhichplasticiscut,meltedandre-formedintosmallballs,readyfornewproducts.Thatexplainstheexcitementaroundachemicalplantthatwillstart(13)__________operationsthisyearinnortheastEngland.Itcan,(14)__________,takeanykindofplasticwaste,includingmixedplasticsconsidered"unrecyclable”,andbreakitdownintochemicalsthataresimilartothoseextractedfromoil.Withfurtherprocessing,thesechemicalscanbeturnedbackintofreshplastic.Ifsuccessful,itcouldbeapowerfulexampleofacircularmanufacturingprocess—inwhichplasticisusedandreprocessedoverandoveragain—potentially(15)__________theworld'sdependenceonfossilresourcestomakeoriginalplastics.Thefacilityusesavariationonaconceptcalledchemicalrecycling,whichbreaksplasticsapartintosmallerchemicalbuildingblocks.Itsmaincompetitorinthisapproachispyrolysis:heatingplasticstotemperaturesabove450°Cinareactorwithoutoxygen.Butpyrolysisisenergy-2intensiveand(16)__________,withmuchoftheplasticbeingturnedintosomethinguseless.MuraTechnology,theLondon-basedcompanybehindthefacility,saysitisthefirstcommercial-scaleplantintheworldtorecycleplasticinthisway.Murahasalsodeclaredthetechnologytobe"(17)__________"becauseit"hasthepotentialtohelpeliminateplasticwaste,recyclingalltypesofplastictocreateatruecirculareconomy”.Inpractice,asMuraexplains,theplantiscurrentlypickyaboutits(18)__________ofplasticwaste.Andbecause,aswithpyrolysisplants,notallofthefacility'sproductswillbe(19)__________asplastic,somecriticssaythattheprocessshouldn'tcountasrecycling—anaccusationthatMurarejects.Thesepracticalitiesraisequestionsaboutthefutureofplasticspollutionandwhetherchemicalrecyclingcanliveuptoitspromisedpotential.Theideaisnotuseless—butthereal-lifecomplicationsaroundtheprocessmakeitlessgroundbreakingthan(20)__________.II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Complimentsarenostraightforwardmatterandrequireskillsandknowledge.Donewell,wordsofpraisecanbe__21__forhumanrelationsathomeandatwork.Butdonepoorly,complimentscanbeineffective,evendestructive.Whatfollowsisaresearch-basedguidetotellyouwhatkindofcomplimentsare__22__.Whetherthecomplimentiseffectivein__23__theotherpersondependsonwhetheritisbelievable,appropriate,andunqualified.Tobeginwith,agoodcomplimentmustnot__24__withitsrecipient'sself-image.Ifyoutellmemyhairlooksgood,Iwilldismissitandsuspectyour__25__,becauseIhavenohaironthehead.Moregenerally,peoplewithlowself-esteemdon'tusuallyreceivecomplimentswell,probablybecausethecomplimentdoesnotringtruewiththeirnegativeviewofthemselves,andsothey__26__it.Evenifacomplimentagreeswithone'sself-image,scholarswritingin2022inCurrentPsychologyconcluded,itmustmeetthreecriteriatobeacceptedbyits__27__.Thepraisemustcomefromapersonwithcredibilitytogiveit,itmustbesincereandunplanned,anditmustoccurintheappropriate__28__.Consider,forexample,howyou'drespondtoanexcessivecomplimentfromasalespersonyou'dnevermetabouthowsmartyouarewhenyou're__29__aparticularpurchase.You'dprobablyfindthatkindofcomplimentannoying,becausethepersondoesn'tknowyouwellenoughtojudgeyourtrue__30__andissimplypraisingyoutomakeasale.Thecomplimentfailsonallthreecounts:thepraiserlackscredibility,theirsincerityissuspect,andyourwillingnesstospendmoneyinastoreisnotameaningfulcontextfor__31__yourintelligence.3Somecomplimentsarenotjustineffective;theyactuallycauseharm.MyHarvardcolleagueshaveconductedresearchintobackhandedpraise,whichputssomeonedownbycomparingtheirgoodqualitywithanegative__32__.Anexampleofadestructivecomplimentwouldbe"Youlookprettygoodforaguywithnohaironthehead"—notthatinsecureoranything—becausethissetssuchalow___33__onthepraise.Otherwaystogivenegativepraiseincludecomparisonswithpast__34__(“Thisdraftiscertainlybetterthanthelastone),withpoorexpectations(YourworkisbetterthanIexpected),andwithaconventionalconception(Thisworkisn'tbadforaYalegraduate).Intheirexperiments,theauthorsfoundthatthecomplimentersthoughtthesebackhandedcomparisonswere__35__,butbothrecipientsandthird-partyobserversdisagreed.21.A.universal22.A.showered23.A.stretching24.A.conflict25.A.craftsB.efficientC.heartfeltC.emphasizedC.upliftingC.associateC.motivesC.reverseC.statusD.comfortingD.misinterpretedD.understandingD.agreeB.preferredB.persuadingB.competeB.visionD.competenceD.receive26.A.discount27.A.imageB.defendB.marketD.object28.A.manner29.A.puttingoffC.turningdown30.A.qualities31.A.overestimating32.A.comment33.A.quantity34.A.draftB.purchaseB.leaningtowardD.pushingthroughB.intentionsB.gradingC.orderD.contextC.potentialsC.suspectingC.impressionC.ceilingD.tendenciesD.developingD.standardD.reputationD.failureB.equivalentB.profileB.anticipationB.positiveC.trend35.A.deliberateC.distressingD.specificSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)OnasunnySundaymorning,Iwenttomyfirstballetclass.ButIdidn'tdoanydancing.ThiswasClassonStage,arareopportunitytowatchdancerswarmupduringtheirdaily75-minuteclass.IwentinknowingthatIwouldbeimpressedbythephysicalityofit.Topathletesaren'tborn;they'remade.Forty-fiveminutesintotheclass,thedancersdidn'tevenlooktired.Whilewatchingdancers4quietlyplie(下蹲屈膝)withcompletecontrolwascalming,watchingthefloorexercisesthatcamenextwasanythingbut.Thesequenceswereshortbutbecameincreasinglycomplicated,soIstoppedpayingattentiontothedirectionsIcouldn'tfollow,andsimplyallowedmyselftoobservetheremarkableresults.Attheendoftheclass,Iapplaudedandwatchedthedancersleavethestage.Theyhadalreadyaccomplishedsomuchwiththeirday,andIwasleftincompleteawe,notjustofmyinadequacy,butalsooftheireffort.AsIheadedhomeItriedtothinkofthelasttimeIworkedashardasthosedancersatanythinginmyownlife.Somuchhasbeenmadeeasierbytechnology:IcanlistentoanysongIwant,wheneverIwant.Icanhaveprettymuchanythingdelivered.Icanstayintouchwithfriendswithoutmakingthetimetoseethem.Butinsteadoftakingshortcuts,maybeIshouldlookforchallenges.Becauseonceyoustartdoinghardthings,theybecomeeasier,andthenyouknowyoucandothem.Withthedeterminationanddisciplineofballetdancersstillfreshinmymind,Icommittodoingsomehardthings:IgetbackinthehabitofpracticingalanguageI'vebeentryingtolearn.Iliftheavierweights.Itakethestairs.Iwritetheessay.Nothingdemandsasmuchofmeaswhatballetdemandsofthosedancerseveryday.Theyinspireme.So,IguesswhatI'mtryingtosayisthatsometimesafitnessclasscanchangeyourlife,evenifyou'renottheonetakingit.36.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheballetclassisTRUE?A.Thewriterlearnedalotofballetmoves.B.Thefloorexercisescalmedthewriterdown.C.Despitethephysicality,thedancersdidn'tlooktired.D.Thedancersdidtheirwarm-upfor45minutesthatday.37.Attheendoftheclass,howdidthewriterfeel?A.Shefeltimpressedbythedancers'efforts.B.Shefeltashamedofherlackofwillpower.C.Shefeltconfidentofovercominglife'schallenges.D.Shefeltregretfulaboutnottryinghardenoughatballet.38.Bymentioningthetechnologythathasmadelifeeasier,thewritermeansthat____.A.moderntechnologyistoblameforpeople'stakingshortcutsB.technologycanhelppeopleworkbetterandmoreefficientlyC.peopleshouldavoidusingtechnologytoenjoythesimplicityoflifeD.technologyoffersusshortcuts,whichpreventsusfromseekingchallenges39.Whathasthewriterlearnedfromherfirstballetlesson?A.Weneedtopushourselvesforwardbylookingforchallenges.5B.Hardthingsareworthtryingaslongasyouenjoydoingthem.C.Fitnessclassescanmakepeoplephysicallyandmentallystrong.D.Watchingotherspracticeballetisagoodwaytoimproveourselves.(B)TheAnnualIgNobelPrizesHonorSpecialScientificAchievementsOnSept12,the2024IgNobelPrizeswereawardedintheUS.Createdin1991byMarcAbrahams,awriterintheUS,theseprizeshonorscientificstudiesthat"makepeoplelaugh,thenthink".Herearesomewinnersfromthisyear.NotasoldasyouthinkAhealthydietandgoodgeneshavecontributedtohigherlifeexpectancyaroundtheworld.Butthereisalsosomethingelse,suchasmistakesindemographic(人口的)dataandpossiblepensionfraud.SaulJustinNewmanfromtheUKfoundalmost80percentofthepeopleover110yearsoldhavenobirthcertificate.IntheUS,over500peopleclaimtobeover110,butonlysevenhavebirthcertificates.Sothenumberofveryoldpeoplemightbeexaggerated.Somepeoplemayevenbelyingabouttheirbirthformorepension.Sideeffect"ofsideeffectsMedicineoftenhassideeffectsthataddtopatients'discomfort.Soaperfecttreatmentshouldhavenosideeffectsatall,right?Notnecessarily.AteamledbyLievenSchenkinGermanydidanexperiment.Theymadetwofakemedicines.Neithercouldreducepain,andthesecondtypecouldcauseaburningfeelinginthenose.Theteamthenasked77healthyvolunteerstorandomlytakeoneofthemedicines,afterwhichtheywouldreceivea"dose"ofpain.Thescientistsfoundthatthosetakingthesecondtypeofmedicinereportedlesspain.Theyhadfelttheburningandtookitasasignofthemedicine"working".Theresearchshowedthatinsuchcases,sideeffectsmaynotbeabadthing.Plantthatcan"see"andimitateIn2013,scientistsdiscoveredastrangevinecalledBoquilatrifoliolata(勃奎拉藤).Itcouldchangetheshapeofitsleavestolooklikeotherplantsnearby.JacobWhiteintheUSandFelipeYamashitainGermanywantedtoknowwhy.Theyplantedthevineunderashelf,andplacedaplasticplantabovetheshelf.Asthevinegrewtaller,onlythepartofitthatreachedovertheshelflookedliketheplasticplant.6Therefore,thescientistssuggestedthatsomeplantscould"see"what'shappeningaroundthemandimitatetheshapesofneighboringplants.40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheIgNobelPrizesisTRUE?A.TheIgNobelPrizesareheldeverythreeyears.B.The2024IgNobelPrizeswereintendedtorememberthefounder.C.TheIgNobelPrizeshonoramusingbutinspiringscientificstudies.D.The2024IgNobelPrizeshavethreewinnerscoveringdifferentfields.41.Whichofthefollowingisareasonforthegrowingnumberofveryoldpeopleworldwide?A.Economicdevelopmentenablespeopletolivelonger.B.Peopleclaimtobeolderinordertogettheirbirthcertificate.C.Amajorityofthesupposedoldpeoplecan'tprovetheirrealage.D.Olderpeoplearesoforgetfulthattheydon'tremembertheirbirthdate.42.Bydoingthe"side-effect"experimentonvolunteers,scientistsfindthat______.A.sideeffectsofamedicineareannoyingandunavoidableB.thesecondtypeofmedicineismoreeffectivethanthefirstC.thetwofakemedicinescanactuallyworktorelievethepainD.thesideeffectscanleadpeopletothinkthatthemedicineworks(C)Lastyear,Roche,aSwissdrugcompany,publishedareviewoftheclinicaltrialsonneurologicaldrugsithadheldbetween2016and2021.Itfoundthatblackpeoplewereunder-representedinallbutone.Surprisingly,thatnewsrepresentsprogress,becauseitshowsthattrialorganisersarebecomingmoreawareofadangerousbiasthatsetsbackthesafetyandeffectofmedicaltreatments.Manytrialsexcludecertaingroups,anddosodeliberately—children,forexample,orpeoplewithphysicalorlearningdisabilities,pregnantwomenandtheelderly.___________Arecentreviewfoundthathalfoftrialsaroundtheworldtestinghip-fracture(髋部骨折)interventionsexcludedpeoplewholivedinnursinghomes,wereoldorhadsomelevelofcognitivedisorder.Thoughthesegroupsmakeupalmostathirdofallpatientssufferinghipfractures,itisuncleariftheinterventionswillworkassafelyoraseffectivelyonthem.Theirdoctorsfaceanenviouschoice:prescribeanyway,withuncertainresults;ordenytheirpatientsnewtreatments.Obtaininginformedpermissionfortrialsisnotalwayseasy,especiallyfrompeoplewith7learningdisabilitiesordementia(痴呆).Accountingfordifferentgroups'risksofside-effectscancomplicatetheanalysisofthedata.Andsomegroupsmistrustdoctorsbecauseofahistoryofmistreatment,whichmakesithardertoinvolvetheminthetrial.Evenso,broadeningtherangeoftrials'participantscanbepracticallyuseful,becausetheymayleadtonewmedicalinsights.RunningtrialsonpeoplewhoaremorelikelytodevelopAlzheimer's,suchasthosewithDown'ssyndrome,mighthelpresearcherstestwhethertheirdrugsworkpreventively.SomethinglikethathappenedwiththeDallasHeartStudyinthe2000s.Asalargepieceofepidemiologicalresearch,itincludedanraciallyrepresentativesampleofpeopleandfoundageneticvariantinsomeAfrican-Americanswhichwasrelatedto40%lowerbadcholesterol(胆固醇).Thatgeneisnowoneoftheforemostdrugtargetsinthefightagainstcardiovascular(心血管的)disease.Fortunately,thebiasofclinicaltestingmaybechanging.AlmosthalfoftrialparticipantsinAmericaarenowwomen(intherestoftheworlditisstillonly40%).AmericaandBritainlooklikelytopublishregulationsthatrequiretrialorganiserstoexplainwhomtheyoughttoincludeandhowtheyplantoinvolvethem.43.Accordingtothereview,whatisthecurrentproblemwithclinicaltrials?A.Theytargetspecificgroupswhileexcludingsomepeople.B.Theytestforsideeffectsofthedrugs,sotheyarenotusefulenough.C.Theyarenotsuitableforeverypatientbecauseoftheirphysicalconditions.D.Theydon'tproducesafeoreffectiveresults,thusdiscouraginglotsofpeople.44.Whichsentencebestfitstheblankinparagraph3?A.Yettheconsequencescanberidiculous.B.However,itishappeningforgoodreasons.C.Therefore,itbringsconveniencetodoctors.D.Moreover,thegroupscanenjoybettertreatments.45.IntheexampleoftheDallasHeartStudy,whatdoes"somethinglikethat"inparagraph6referto?A.Runningtrialsonthetargetpatientscanhelpresearchers.B.Broadeningtherangeoftrials'participantsavoidsmistreatments.C.Testingtheeffectivenessofthedrughelpspreventcertaindiseases.D.Involvingawiderrangeofparticipantsintrialsleadstonewmedicalinsights.46.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Therewillbenobiasinclinicaltestingverysoon.8B.Womenusedtobeunder-representedinclinicaltrials.C.Regulationsonsubjectsinclinicaltrialshavecomeintoeffect.D.Clinicaltrialsareincreasinglyimproving,thusattractingwomen.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Comparatively,morepeoplearekilledbylivestock(牲口).B.Thehuntingforwolveshasinitiatedlong-lastingdebatesamongresearchersandpolicymakers.C.Thisisdespitethefactthatattacksonlivestockhavedeclinedsharplywhilewolfnumbershaveincreased.D.Weshouldstayalerttooccasionalwolfattacksonhumans.E.Sowhycan'twebeassympatheticandenlightenedaboutpredatorconservationastheyare?F.There'snodenyingthatwolvesoccasionallyattacklivestock.Europe'sWaronPredators(食肉动物):AMisguidedApproachWeEuropeansareincapableoflivingalongsidepredators.WeexpectpeopleinAfricaandAsiatosharetheirhomeswithlions,tigers,Komododragonsandahostofotherpotentiallydangerousanimalswithoutquestion._____47_____WolvesinEurope,forexample,areunderthespotlight.Followingreintroductionsandcarefulprotection,therearenow21,500oftheseawesomeanimalsacrossthecontinent.Butasnumbersincrease,thereisarisingtideofopposition.EvenSwitzerlandisundergoinganefforttoeliminate70percentofitswolfpopulation(currently300animalsin32packs)._____48_____TheNorwegiangovernment,meanwhile,seemsdeterminedtolimititswolfpopulationtojustafewbreedingpairs—whichitsaysisenoughtokeepthemfromextinction.Moreaccurately,itwillpushthemtotheedgeofextinction._____49_____Buttherearetried-and-testedwaysofreducingtheproblem:boostingtheavailabilityofnaturalprey,electricfencingandtheuseofguarddogsamongthem.Manycountriesevenhave"wolfadministrators”,whohelpfarmerstoprotecttheirstock,andthereisgenerouscompensationforanypredation.They'renotdangeroustopeople,either.AccordingtotheEuropeanCommission'sown2023investigativereportonwolfattacks,"althoughwolvescanattackhumans,nofatalwolfattacksonpeoplehavebeenrecordedinthepast40years”._____50_____Thereisabiggerpicturehere.Predatorsearntheirkeepthroughwildlifetourismandtheyarekeystonespeciesvitalinmaintainingthehealthandbalanceofecosystems.It'snotallaboutfarmersandhunters.Therehastobesomemiddleground.9III.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.51.AreBigCitiesOverrated?Judgedbytheirrevealedpreferences,peoplelovecities.MetropolisessuchasLondonandNewYorkareovercrowded,withhousepricestomatch.Acrosstheworld,25%ofpeopleliveincitiesofoveramillion,upfromjust15%sixdecadesago.Economiststendtothinkthisisagreatdevelopment.Cities,theyargue,benefitfrom"agglomeration”,theconsequenceofsomanypeoplelivinginclosequarters.Foronething,governmentandbusinessescanrunmoreefficiently:scalehelpseverythingfrompublictransporttothehiringofstaff.Foranother,findingthenextbigideaiseasierwhenlike-mindedpeoplecrowdtogether.AlthoughLondonmakesup15%ofBritain'spopulation,itaccountsfor22%ofitseconomicoutput.Buthaveeconomistsoverestimatedthebenefitsofbigcities?ThatiswhatanewworkingpaperbyMatthewTurnerandDavidWeil,bothofBrownUniversity,suggests.TheiranalysisappliesexistingestimatesoftheimpactofagglomerationoneconomicefficiencyandthepaceofinventiontoamodeloftheAmericaneconomy.Thisallowstheresearcherstoansweraquestion:howdifferentwouldAmericalookif,from1900to2010,nourbanareahadgrowntoapopulationo