2025届上海嘉定区高三英语二模试题

2024学年高三年级第二次质量调研英语试卷I.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RacetotheFrozenNorthOnApril6,1909,sixdeterminedmenstoodatthetopoftheworld,claimingvictoryoveroneofEarth'slastgreatfrontiers—theNorthPole.Theirleader,RobertE.Peary,capturedthehistoricmomentinphotographsashisteamproudlyhelduptheirflags.AmongthemwasMatthewHenson,anexperiencedexplorer.(1)___skillshadbeenvitaltotheirsuccess.Heheldauniqueflag,(2)___(sew)togetherfromdifferentpiecesoffabric,whilefourexpertInuithuntersstoodbyhisside.Theyguidedtheteamthroughtheendlessfrozenwilderness.Reachingthisice-coveredworldwasnoteasy.Manyhadtriedbeforethem,only(3)___(force)backbyterribleconditions.Peary'ssuccesswasnotjustluck—itwascarefulstrategy,perseverance,andthestrengthofhisteam.Hereliedheavily(4)___Henson,whohadjourneyedwithhimthroughtheArcticbefore.Hensonwasn'tjustanexplorer;hewasasurvivalist,trainedbytheInuit(因纽特人)intheartofhandlingtheice.Butnoamountofskill(5)___makeovercomingtheArcticanyeasier.Thewindscreamedlikeawildbeast,andthetemperaturedroppedtoafreezingminus60degreesFahrenheit.Hensonlaterwroteinhisjournal,"Freezingofthewholefrontofthefaceisanordinaryoccurrence."Iceformedontheirskin,(6)___(bite)deeperwitheveryburstofwind.Frostbite(冻疮)wasaconstantthreat.Pearyhimselfhadlosttoesonearlieradventures.Despite(7)___theyendured,theykeptpushingforward.Theirfoodwassimplebutpackedwithenergy:pemmican,adensemixtureofdriedmeat,animalfat,andberries.(8)___itdidlittlesatisfytruehunger,itdidkeepthemalive.Theirdayswerelongandexhausting.Yettheyrefusedtostop.Then,atlast,theyarrived.Thevast,icyemptiness(9)___(stretch)ineverydirection.Henson,movingquicklyahead,wasthefirsttomarktheirachievement.WhenPearyarrived,theyplantedtheirflags,securingtheirplaceinhistory.Theimpossible(10)___(conquer).SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.capabilitiesB.dismissC.examineD.ignoranceE.matchF.misrepresentationG.passionateH.pointI.plugJ.relievingK.worryingTheHackersWhoProtectYourSecurityHaveyoueverlockedyourselfoutofyourhouseandhadtotrytobreakin?Firstyougetasenseofaccomplishmentinsucceeding.Butthencomesthe(11)___realizationthatifyoucanbreakintoyourownplaceasanamateur,aprofessionalcoulddoitfivetimesfaster.Soyoulookfortheweek(12)___inyoursecurityandfixit.Well,that'smoreorlesshowtheDefConhackers(黑客)conferenceworks.Everyyear,hackersmeetinLasVegastotesttheirknowledgeand(13)___.Mentiontheword"hacker"andmanyofuspictureaseventeen-year-oldstudentsittinginabedroom,illegallyhackingintothegovernmentsystems.Butthatisactuallya(n)(14)___ofwhatmosthackersdo.TheactivitiesthattakeplaceatDefConhaveanenormousimpactonourdailylives.Here,computeractivistswhocan'tbreakthehabitorresistthechallengeoffindingsecuritygaps(15)___allkindsofsystems,fromtheinternettomobilecommunicationstohouseholddoorlocks.Andthentheytrytohackthem.Indoingso,theydousallagreatservicebypassingontheirfindingstoindustry,(16)___thesecurityholes.Ifyou'reamongthosewho(17)___theDefConattendeesasabunchofsocialmisfits,thenyouprobablyhavethesamepasswordfor90percentofyouronlineexistence,whichisrisky.Evenifyouthinkyou'rebeingcleverbyusingyourgrandmother'sbirthdatebackwardsasapassword,you'reno(18)___forthesepeople.Thereisnogreater(19)___tobefoundonlinethanthatofanaverageInternetuser.I'mgladthatI'moneofthem.I'malsoawarethatthereareotherpeopleouttherewhoaretryingtogetmoreandmoreaccesstoourpersonaldata.Sadly,wehavefewtoolstoprotectourselves.Butthereisagroupofpeoplewhoare(20)___aboutonlinefreedomandhavethemeanstohelpusprotectourprivacy.ManyofthemcanbefoundatDefCon.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Imagineaworldwheremachinesdon'tjustrespondtocommandsbutactuallyunderstandhowyoufeel.Yourphonesensessadnessinyourvoiceandsuggestscallingafriend;yourcomputerseesyou'retiredandremindsyoutorest.Sounds(21)___?Notanymore.EmotionAI—thetechnologythatallowsmachinestorecognizeandinterprethumanemotions—isalreadyhere.ForRanaelKaliouby,thisideawas(22)___.Yearsago,whenshemovedfromEgypttotheUK,sheandherhusbandkeptintouchthroughtextmessages.Butsomethingwas(23)___:Nomatterhowmanywordstheyexchanged,hecouldn'tseetheexhaustiononherfaceorhearthesadnessinhervoice.Thatexperienceplantedaseedinhermind:Whatiftechnologycouldbridgethatemotional(24)___?Drivenbythisvision,sheco-foundedAffectiva,acompanyspecializinginemotion-detectingAI.Theconceptissimpleyetpowerful.Machinesaretrainedtorecognizeemotionsthroughfacialexpressions,toneofvoice,andevenbodylanguage.Affectiva,(25)___,workswithmarketingfirmstoanalyzehowpeoplereacttoadvertisements.Meanwhile,companieslikeBehavioralSignalsfocusonvoiceanalysis,usingtoneandspeechpatternstodiscoveremotionsincustomerservicecalls.Thepotential(26)___arevast,fromeducationtohealthcaretodriversafety.Buthere'sthecatch:recognizinganemotionisn'tthesameas(27)___it.Afurrowedbrow(皱眉)—doesitmeananger,deepthought,orjustbadlighting?Ascowl(怒视)couldsignalfrustration,butitmightjust(28)___indicateconcentration.Andthenthere's(29)___—whatlookslikeexcitementinonepartoftheworldmightbemistakenforanxietyinanother.Beyondaccuracy,there'sabiggerquestion:ShouldAIbe(30)___tomakedecisionsbasedonemotions?SomepoliceforceshavealreadyexperimentedwithemotionAItoassesswhetherpeopleappear"suspicious."Criticsarguethisisa(31)___game,especiallysincestudiesshowAIcanbeprejudiced,sometimesinterpretingemotionsdifferentlybasedonraceorgender.The(32)___thingsocietyneedsisfaultytechnologyinfluencingimportantdecisionslikehiring,lawenforcement,ormentalhealthdiagnoses.(33)___,theprogressisundeniable.CarmanufacturersaredevelopingAIsystemsthatmonitordrivers'emotionsand(34)___iftheyappeardistractedortired.Inclassrooms,researchersareexploringwaysAIcouldfigureoutwhenstudentsarestrugglingordisengagedandadjustlessonsinrealtime.So,wheredoesthatleaveus?EmotionAIisfascinating,fullofpromise—butalsofullofrisks.Butonethingiscertain:thelinebetweenhumanandmachineisbecoming(35)___witheachpassingday.21.A.reasonable22.A.personal23.A.unusual24.A.woundB.futuristicB.ridiculousB.missingC.familiarD.necessaryD.collectiveD.accessibleD.gapC.complexC.pointlessC.tensionB.variety25.A.bycontrast26.A.applications27.A.conveying28.A.barelyB.inadditionB.obstaclesB.controllingB.slowlyC.insummaryC.transformationsC.understandingC.severelyC.disorderD.forexampleD.investmentsD.redirectingD.easily29.A.improvement30.A.requested31.A.casualB.pressureB.trustedD.cultureC.forbiddenC.strategicC.lastD.improvedD.boringB.dangerousB.confusing32.A.urgentD.right33.A.StillB.RatherC.SubsequentlyC.interveneD.ConsequentlyD.ignore34.A.waitB.leave35.A.lessclearB.lessartificialC.morecrucialD.moredefinableSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Soapbubbles(泡泡)arelikelittlefloatingwonders.They'relight,delicate,andfullofsurprises.And,ofcourse,theyshinewithbeautifulcolours!Butifyoulookclosely,you'llnoticesomethingodd—bubblesshowpink,green,yellow,andsometimesblue,butwherearetheothercolours?Whydon'tweseebrightred,deeppurple,orwarmorangefloatingintheair?Thesecretbehindabubble'scoloursliesinitsthinfilm.Theoutersurfacereflectslight,andsodoestheinnersurface.Lightmoveslikeawaveinthissituation.Justlikeripples(涟漪)onapond,thelightreflectedfromtheinsidetravelsabitfartherandmaynotmatchupwiththelightreflectedfromtheoutside.Ifthewavesstrengtheneachother,thecolourofthatwavelengthbecomesvisible.Sofar,sogood—thisprocesscancreatemanycolours.Butwhere'smyredbubble?Thelightwavesspreadingfromthebubblecontainallthecoloursoftherainbow.However,wedon'tseethemseparatelybecausethesoapfilm'sthicknessoftenproducesamixofcolours.Interestingly,thethicknessthatenhancesredalsoenhancesviolet(紫色).Butinsteadofseeingboth,weonlyseepink.Thevioletwaveripplesfourtimesbeforeexiting,whiletheredwaveripplesthreetimes.Yet,bythetimetheyleavethebubble,theymeet.Pinkseemslikeasinglecolour,butitdoesn'tactuallyexistintherainbow—ourbrainscreateitbymixingredandviolet.Ifthebubble'ssurfacebecomesslightlythinner,theredandvioletwavescancanceleachotherout,leavingonlygreen,whichisarealrainbowcolour.Asthefilmgetseventhinner,redandgreenappeartogether(bothripplingabouttwice),butbluedisappears,soweseeyellowinstead.Weonlyseecolourswhenthesoapfilmisverythin—justoneortwolightwavelengthsthick.Thismeansthereareonlyafewpossiblecolourcombinations,andredaloneisn'toneofthem.So,noredbubblesforme.Itmightbefrustratingtohear,"That'sjusthowitis,"butinthiscase,Idon'tmind.Everysoapbubblefollowsthesamerules,nomatterhoworwhereit'smade.It'sactuallycomfortingtoseetheuniverseworkinginsuchaconsistentway.Pinkandgreenbubblesaresimplynature'sdesign.36.Lightreflectedfromtheouterandinnerlayersofabubbleinteractsby___.A.combiningintostrongerlightB.eitheraddingtogetherorreducingeachotherC.absorbingeachothertomakeasinglecolourD.passingthroughthebubblewithoutchanging37.Whydoweneverseeaperfectlyredsoapbubble?A.Redlightalwaysmixeswithothercolours.B.Redistooweaktobeseenonabubble'ssurface.C.Thebubble'ssurfaceabsorbsredlightcompletely.D.Thesoapinthebubblepreventsredlightfromreflecting.38.Whatpointdoesthewritermakeinthelastparagraph?A.It'snicethatthenaturalworldisfilledwithuncertainties.B.It'sgoodthatthenaturalworldfollowsclearscientificrules.C.It'ssadthatwedonothingtochangethecoloursofsoapbubbles.D.Itisfrustratingtoseethesoapbubblesworkinginaconsistentway.39.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Whylightissoappealing.B.Howsoapbubblesaremade.C.Howlightcreateswondersinnature.D.Whysomecoloursdon'tappearinsoapbubbles.(B)HulaDancingHulaisatraditionalNativeHawaiiandancethathasbeenpracticedforcenturies,servingmultiplepurposessuchasstorytelling,religiousexpression,andentertainment.ItisadeeplyculturalandartisticformofmovementthatreflectsHawaiianhistory,values,andbeliefs.MusicalInstrumentNativeHawaiianscraftedtheirmusicalinstrumentsusingmaterialsfoundintheirenvironment,suchasseeds,wood,gourds,andshells.Theseinstrumentsweredesignednotonlytocreatesoundbutalsotoreflectthenaturalbeautyandharmonyoftheislands.Eventoday,manyHawaiianscontinuethepracticeofmakingtheseinstrumentsbyhand,preservingthetraditionaltechniquespasseddownthroughgenerations.HulaBasics1.Locateaflat,smoothsurfacetoensurestability.Removeyoursocksandshoesforbettercontrol.2.Positionyourfeetapproximatelyfourinchesapart,maintainingabalancedstand.Slightlybendyourkneesandrestyourhandsonyourhips(髋部).3.Initiatemovementwithyourrightfootbysteppingtotheright,bringingyourleftfootalongsideit.Takeanothersteptotheright,thengentlytapyourleftfootbesideyourright.Repeattotheleft.4.Oncecomfortablewiththefootwork,addarmmovements.Whenyoustepright,bendyourleftamandraiseittoyourchestwithyourelbow(手肘)straightout.Extendyourrightarmstraightouttotheside.Dotheoppositewhenyoustepleft.HandGesturesThehandgesturesinhuladancingserveasavisuallanguage,enhancingthestorytellingaspectoftheperformancebysymbolizingelementsofnatureandemotions.-TorepresentRAIN,gracefullyliftbotharmsaboveyourhead,thenlowerthemslowlyinfrontofyouwhiledelicatelymovingyourfingers,imitatingfallingraindrops.-ForFLOWER,liftyourhandswithyourfingertipspressedtogether,creatingtheshapeofablossom.-ToillustrateWIND,extendyourlefthandforwardwhilecirclingyourrighthandaboveyourheadtwice.-ToshowtherisingSUNorMOON,beginwithyourhandstogetheratwaistlevel,thenmoveeacharmoutwardandupwardinasmootharc(弧线)overyourhead.Finally,formtheshapeofthesunormoonbybringingyourfingertipstogether.40.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthesignificanceofhuladancing?A.ItreflectsHawaiians'character.B.IthelpskeepHawaiianculturealive.C.ItrelatesHawaiianstomodernsociety.D.ItrepresentsHawaiianpeople'screativity.41.Whichofthefollowingisadistinctfeatureofhuladancing?A.Dancersrelyonfastmovementswithnosetform.B.Dancersjumpandturntoshowthewonderofnature.C.Dancersremaininoneplacewhilemovingtheirhands.D.Dancersusespecificstepsandarmmovementstogether.42.Thefollowingpicturesshowsomehandgesturesinhuladancing.WhichtwoofthemrepresentFLOWERandWIND,respectively?A.2and3B.1and4C.2and4D.1and3(C)Intheearly20thcentury,HenryFordrevolutionizedindustrialproductionbyintegratingmovingproductionlineswithmasslabor,greatlyloweringmanufacturingcostsandtransformingtheautomobilefromaluxuryitemintoanaccessiblemeansoftransportation.Today,asimilarshiftisunfoldingintheserviceindustry,asdigitalplatformsusetechnologicaladvancementsandon-demandlabortodeliverservicesthatwereonceexclusivetothewealthy.CompaniessuchasUber,Handy,andInstacarthavespecialconsumeraccess,enablingindividualstosecurepersonaldrivers,householdassistance,andgrocerydeliverieswithminimaleffort.However,thescopeoftheon-demandeconomyextendsfarbeyondconvenienceservices.Increasingly,essentialprofessionalareas,includinghealthcare,legalconsultation,andbusinessadvisoryservices,arebeingrestructuredthroughdigitalplatforms.StartupslikeMedicast,Axiom,andFfacilitateinteractionsbetweenindependentprofessionalsandclientsinneedofspecializedexpertise.Althoughstillemerging,thiseconomicmodelisexpandingatanunparalleledpace:Uber,establishedin2009,nowoperatesinover50countriesandhadalreadyreachedavaluationof$40billionby2014.Severalcriticalfactorshavefueledtheexpansionofthiseconomictransformation.Thedigitalrevolutionhasnotonlyenabledreal-timeconnectionsbetweenserviceprovidersandconsumersbuthasalsodecentralizedtraditionalworkflows.AsinglepersonequippedwithalaptopcannowproduceHollywood-qualitymedia,developnewsoftware,orconductin-depthlegalresearchfromvirtuallyanylocation.Thisshifthasgotcompaniestoincreasinglyfavorcontract-basedspecialistsoverfull-timeemployees,improvingbusinessflexibilitywhilealsogeneratingprofitsfrompreviouslyuntappedresources,suchaspersonalvehiclesorspecializedexpertise.43.Whatisthedefiningcharacteristicofon-demandeconomy?A.Digitalplatformsconnectworkerswithcustomerswhenneeded.B.Businessesputmoreemphasisontheadvancementoftechnology.C.Marketsruleoutthoseunnecessaryservicestoincreaseefficiency.D.Companieshiremoretemporaryworkersthanlong-termemployees.44.Whichexamplebestillustratestheideaof“decentralizingtraditionalworkflows?A.Acompanyencouragesemployeestotakepart-timejobs.B.Asoftwaredeveloperworkswithaglobalteamremotely.C.Aresearcherdoesexperimentsinanadvancedlaboratory.D.Abusinessasksin-housestafftohandlemostoperations.45.Whichofthefollowingisadrivingforceoftheeconomictransitionintroducedinthepassage?A.Peopletendtohaveeithermoneyortime.B.Businessflexibilitybenefitsworkersequally.C.Full-timeemployeesarebecominglessavailable.D.Automationisgraduallyreplacedbyglobaloutsourcing.46.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theon-demandeconomyguaranteesbetterjobopportunities.B.Companiesareseekingfinancialprotectionforon-demandworkers.C.Governmentsmaystruggletokeepupwithchangesinthejobmarket.D.Workerswillnolongerworryaboutemploymentbenefitsinthefuture.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Anotherreasonforthecomebackofbookstoresistheshiftinthee-bookmarket.B.However,deeperreasonsalsoplayarole.C.It'sbecomingapparentthatpaperbooksturnedouttohaveadvantagesovere-books.D.Surprisingly,though,independentbookstoresaredoingwell.E.Thenumbersaregrowingbecausebusinessisgrowing.F.Theyarenothigh-growthbusinesses,andownersdonotgetrichfromthem.TheComebackofIndependentBookstoresForyears,bookstoreshaveheldaspecialplaceinpeople'shearts,oftenappearinginfilmsascharmingspaces,likeTheShopAroundtheCornerfromYou'veGotMail.Partoftheirappealcomesfromthesensethatindependentbookstoresbelongtoapastera,givingthemaromanticandslightlysadfeel.___47___.TheAmericanBooksellersAssociationreportedthattheirnumberintheU.S.grewfrom1,712to1,775inoneyear,totaling2,311locations.Thismarkssevenyearsofgrowth.Salesalsoincreasedby5%inthefirstfourmonthsoftheyear,andtheirshareoftotalbooksalesrosefrom7%in2020to10%lastyear.Severalfactorscontributetothesuccessofindependentbookstores.Advancesintechnologyhavemademanaginginventoryandfinanceseasierforsmallbusinesses,andsocialmediahelpsstorespromoteevents.___48___.Manybookstoreownersaregreatfansofbooksandbelievetheircommunitiesneedsuchspaces.Forexample,BrianLampkin,whomovedtoGreensboro,NorthCarolina,noticedtheabsenceofanindependentbookstoredowntown.HedecidedtoopenScuppernongBooksinahistoricbrickbuildingin2013.Thebookstorefocusesonliteratureratherthanbestsellers.Lampkinbelievesindependentbookstoresprovidesomethingmajorbookdealersoftenoverlook—poetry,forinstance,whichisrarelyfoundinlargechainstores.___49___.WhenAmazonintroducedtheKindlein2007,e-booksgainedpopularityquickly,reaching28%ofbooksalesby2013.Manyassumede-bookswouldeventuallydominatethemarket.However,physicalbookshaveheldtheirground,ande-booksaleshaveevendeclinedslightlyto24%.Themarkethassettledintoabalancewherebothcoexist,allowingspaceforindependentbookstorestodevelop.Despitetheirsuccess,independentbookstoresstillfacechallenges.___50___.However,customersappreciatetheirpresence.Evenasonlinebooksalescontinuetogrow,thesurvivalofindependentbookstoressuggeststheyprovidesomethingtrulyvaluable.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.51.HelpingWorkersSwitchOffIntoday'sfast-paced,technology-drivenworld,maintainingahealthywork-lifebalancehasbecomeagrowingchallengeforemployees.Manyworkersstruggletodisconnectfromtheirjobsevenafterofficehours,leadi