Unit4SpaceExploration单元知识总复习检测-高一英语人教版

B3U4知识总复习单词n..宇航员；太空人v.浮动；漂流；漂浮n.程序；步骤；手续adv.否则；要不然adj.精神的；思想的prep.在更远处；超出adj.有智慧的；聪明的adj.太阳的；太阳能的n.火箭；火箭弹adj.当前的；现在的n.水流；电流n.重礼；阴历adj.足够的；充足的n.边境；国界；边远地区n.肥皂n.交通工具；车辆n.纸巾；组织n.宇宙；天地万物n.设施；设备adj.有决心的；意志坚定地adj.热衷的；渴望的vt.查明；确定；决定n.地球；世界；地球仪n.人造卫星；卫星vt&vi论证；争辩；争论vt&n.发射；发起；上市n.争论；争吵；论点n.轨道v.沿轨道运行adj.致命的；灾难性的adj.巨大的；伟大的n.巨人adj.肤浅的；浅的n.跳跃；剧增；剧变v.跳过n.模式；图案；模范n.人类n.（对事物的）分析；分析结果n.（政府）专门机构；服务机构adj.高端的vt&vi.传输；发送n.监视器；检测仪vt.监视；监测n.资料；数据adv.经常；定期地adj.失望的；沮丧的adj.定期的；经常的；正常的n.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望n.智能手机adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的n.资源；财力；物力adv.独立的；自主的adj.有限的adj.独立的；自理的adj.结尾的；结束的n.停业n.航天器；宇宙飞船n.神秘事物；谜n.太空行走；太空行走的时间vt.系；绑；贴n.玉；翡翠；玉器n.氧；氧气v.（两架航天器）对接；n.码头towelv.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号microwavevt.回收利用；再利用foamn.肌肉；实力；影响力pillown.缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏短语/词块发射（人造）卫星据理力争 身心健康定期地；经常地决心做某事高度重视；认为…有重要意义警告信号；预警信号在宇宙飞船上；在船上不依赖；独立于抱着……的希望对……感到失望 为了；以使向某人示意太阳系；类太阳系难以形容；无法形容弄懂；弄清楚；时事导致；造成再生材料；可回收材料所以；结果（是）反对某事提供生活所需缺乏…… 最后难以控制；无法控制用完；耗尽浅水区 继续做；坚持干就某事与某人争论单词变形intelligentadj.有智慧的；聪明的→_________________n.智慧determinedadj.有决心的；意志坚定的→_________________v.查明；确定→_________________n.决心；果断disappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的→_________________vt.使失望→_________________adj.令人失望的→_________________n.失望；沮丧desiren.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→_________________adj.渴望的，想要的independentadj.独立的；自立的→_________________adv.独立地；自立地lackvt.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺→_________________adj.缺乏的；不足的globen.地球；地球仪；世界→_________________adj.全球的；总体的arguev.论证；争论→_________________n.争论；争吵analysisn.分析；分析结果→_________________v.分析regularadj.定期的；经常的→_________________adv.有规律地；定期地limitedadj.有限的→_________________adj.无限的单句填空The_________statethathadcreatedherpsychosiswasnolongerpresent.导致她精神失常的那种心理状态已经消失了。Susan'saverybrightand_________womanwhoknowsherownmind.苏珊是个非常聪明、有主见的女子。I'm__________________succeed.我决心要获得成功。Wesetoutto_________exactlywhathappenedthatnight.我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。TheWhiteHousesaidtherewouldbenochangein_________.白宫说程序上不会发生变化。NASAplansto_________asatellitetostudycosmicrays.美国国家航空航天局计划发射一颗卫星上天，对宇宙射线进行研究。He'sa_________ofaman.他是个巨人。Itwasn'tdifficultthentocrossthe_________.那时穿越边境并不困难。Theceremony__________________livebysatellitetooverfiftycountries.典礼通过卫星向五十多个国家进行了实况转播。Theywerebitterly__________________theresultofthegame.他们对比赛结果极为失望。Shefeltanoverwhelming_________toreturnhome.她感到想回家的愿望难以遏制。Fewerpeople__________________liveinthenorthofthecountry.想住在这个国家北方的人减少了。...pushingbackthe_________ofscience.推进科学前沿Thepoliceinvestigationis_________.警方的调查在持续进行中。Mozambiquebecame_________in1975.莫桑比克于1975年获得独立。Itwasthefirsttimethatshehadlived_________.那是她第一次独立生活。Theriseininflationisaclear_________thatthegovernment'spoliciesarenotworking.通货膨胀率的上升清楚地表明，政府的政策不起作用。He___________________________tojoinhim.他示意要我们去他那儿。Anewsatellitehasbeen___________________________aroundtheearth.一颗新的人造卫星被送上了环绕地球的轨道。Denmark_________nearly85%ofitspaper.丹麦的纸张回收率接近85%。Thetripwascancelledthrough__________________interest.因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。Shehasthedeterminationthatherbrother_________.她有决心，而她弟弟却没有。Shutthewindow,_________it'llgettoocoldinhere.把窗户关好，不然屋子里就太冷了。Allow_________timetogetthere.留出充足的时间好赶过去。Heswamtotheshoreagainstastrong_________.他逆着急流游向岸边。Hemadethe_________mistakeofpromisingearly.他犯了过早妥协的致命错误。Whenaskedforyourviewsaboutyour_________job,onnoaccountmustyoubenegative.当你被问及对目前工作的看法时，绝不要表现得消极。Thehotelhasspecial_________forwelingdisabledpeople.这家旅馆有专供残疾人使用的设施。Johnwasvery__________________help.约翰很热心，愿意帮忙。Iwasn'ttoo__________________goingtotheparty.我不太想去参加这次聚会。We'realways__________________eachotheraboutmoney.我们总是为钱吵嘴。They__________________therighttostrike.他们据理力争罢工权利。Shegotinto__________________withtheteacher.她和老师争论了起来。Thesefisharefoundin__________________aroundthecoast.这些鱼生长在海边浅水水域。Thebookis___________________________povertyanditscauses.这本书分析了贫困及其原因。Weagreedtopoolour_________.我们同意把我们的资源集中起来。I____________________________________thisresearch.我认为这项研究十分重要。Thejobinvolvesgatheringand_________data.这项工作包括搜集和分析资料。Eachstudent'sprogressisclosely_________.每一位同学的学习情况都受到密切的关注。Theequipmentischecked____________________________________.设备定期进行检查。Wearedoingourbestwiththe_________resourcesavailable.我们利用可获得的有限资源，尽最大的努力。It'saplete_________tomewhytheychosehim.我真无法理解他们为什么会选他。课文填空SPACE:THEFINALFRONTIER

“Are

wealone?What’soutthere?”Peoplehavealways1._________________(仰望星空)andwonderedaboutspace.Today,scientistsdesignvehiclesto2.______________________(将宇航员带入太空)tomakeimportantdiscoveries.

3.__________________________________(太空探索由来已久),andwenowhopetodiscoverotherplanetsthat4.___________________(足够合适)tosupportlife.Beforethemid20thcentury,mostpeoplefelttravellingintospacewasonlyadreamthatcould5.__________________(永远不会实现).However,scientists6._________________(下定决心)realisethatdream.

Aftermanyexperiments,they7.__________________(成功地做了某事)

makingrocketsthatcouldescapeEarth’s

gravity.

On4October1957,theSputnik1satellite8.________________(被发射)bytheUSSRandsuccessfullyorbitedaroundEarth.Afterwards,theUSSR9.______________(聚焦于；将重点放在……)sendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstperson

in

the

worldtoenter

space.Overeightyearslater,on

20July1969,AmericanastronautNeilArmstrongsteppedontothemoon,famouslysaying,“That’s

onesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapfor

mankind.”Followingthis,thereweremanymoreimportant

spaceachievements.Forexample,on5September1977,America’sNASAspaceagencylaunchedVoyager1tostudydeepspace,anditstill10.______________(传输数据)tothisday.AndtheInternationalSpaceStation(1998)hasprovidedacontinuoushumanpresenceinspace,withastronautsfrommanydifferentcountriesonboard.Althoughscientiststrytomakesurenothing

goeswrong,accidentscanstillhappen.

Forexample,alltheastronautsontheSoyuz11,Challenger,andColumbiaspacecraftsdiedduringtheirmissions.However,whilesuchdisastersbroughtmuchsadnessanddisappointment,11._________________________(探索宇宙的渴望)didnotdie.Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexploration12.____________________(尽管风险很大).China’sspaceprogrammestartedlaterthanthoseofRussiaandtheUS,butit13.______________________(已经缺德了很大的进展)inashorttime.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003,whenYangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou5spacecraft.ThenShenzhou6and7pletedasecondmannedorbitandthefirstChinesespacewalk,followedbythevehicleJadeRabbitbeingsenttothemoontostudyitssurface.On23July2020,ChinasentTianwen1toexplorethesurfaceofMars.ItarrivedinFebruary2021andthen14.__________________(传回)lotsofvaluableinformation.Andfrom2021to2022,Chinapletedanumberofrocketmissionsto15.______________________(建立自己的空间站).In2022,thelaunchoftheMengtianmodulesignaled16.___________________(基本完成)oftheTiangongSpaceStation.Thismodernspacestationwillallowastronautsto17.________________________(进行许多重要的实验),greatly18.___________________________________(加深对宇宙的理解).Thefutureofspaceexploration19._______________(依旧光明).

ManycountrieshaveplanstofurtherstudyplanetslikeMarsandJupiter.Despitethedifficulties,scientistshopetomakemorevaluablediscoveriesthatwillenablethehumanracetosurvivewellintothefuture.佳句背诵Spaceexplorationhasealongway,andwenowhopetodiscoverotherplanetsthataresuitableenoughtosupportlife.太空探索已经取得长足的发展，而现在，我们希望发现能够维持生命存在的其他行星。

Althoughscientiststrytomakesurenothing

goeswrong,accidentscanstillhappen.

虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失，但事故仍时有发生。However,whilesuchdisastersbroughtmuchsadnessanddisappointment,thedesiretoexploretheuniversedidnotdie.然而，尽管这样的悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，探索宇宙的渴望永不磨灭。Thismodernspacestationwillallowastronautstoconductmanyimportantexperiments,greatlyfurtheringourunderstandingoftheuniverse.这个现代化的空间站使得宇航员们能够开展很多重要实验，从而大大加深我们对宇宙的了解。Despitethedifficulties,scientistshopetomakemorevaluablediscoveriesthatwillenablethehumanracetosurvivewellintothefuture.尽管困难重重，科学家们希望获得更多有价值的发现，让人类延续生存，直到未来。话题语篇泛读Firstprivatespacewalkasuccess!WhattheSpaceXmissionmeansforsciencePolarisDawn,theprivateSpaceXmissioncurrentlyorbitingEarth,hasalreadysetseveralrecordssinceitslaunchon10September.Hoursaftertakingoff,themission’sCrewDragonspacecraftreachedanaltitudeof1,400kilometres,thehighestorbitaboveEarthachievedbyacrewedspacecraftandthefarthesthumanshavetravelledfromEarthsinceNASA’sApollomissionsofthelate1960sandearly1970s.Andearliertoday,twoofitscrew,USentrepreneurJaredIsaacmanandSpaceXengineerSarahGillis,pletedthefirstevermercialspacewalkatapeakaltitudeofmorethan700kilometres.Althoughthesemilestonesareimpressive,whatisevenmoreintriguingtoresearcherswhospoketo

Nature

iswhatthemissioncouldmeanforthefutureofspacescience.With

privatecitizensandflightsgoingtospacemorefrequently,therewillbemoreopportunitiestorunexperimentsinmicrogravityandprobetheboundsofhumanspacetravel.Inthemeantime,PolarisDawnwilldeliverscientificresultsafteritsplashesdownintheingdaysineithertheGulfofMexicoortheAtlanticOcean.Themission’sCrewDragonspacecraft,named

Resilience,iscarrying36experimentscontributedby31differentinstitutionsacrossCanada,SaudiArabiaandtheUnitedStates,manyofthemfocusedonthehealthofspacetravellers.“Westandtolearnquiteabit,”saidIsaacmanduringapressconferenceon19August.“IfwegettoMarssomeday,we’dlovetobeabletoebackandbehealthyenoughtotellpeopleaboutit.”PolarisDawnisthefirstofthreeplannedPolarismissionsfundedandledbyIsaacman,thechiefexecutiveofpaymentprocessingfirmShift,basedinCenterValley,Pennsylvania.OneofthegoalsofthePolarisprogrammeistohelpadvancethehumanspaceflightambitionsofHawthorne,CaliforniabasedfirmSpaceX.ThethirdPolarismissionwillbethefirstcrewedflightof

SpaceX’sStarship,afullyreusablemegarocketthatNASAhasenlistedtotransportastronautsinseveralyearstotheMoon’ssurface,aspartof

itsambitiousArtemisprogramme.Foranother,themissionisstudyingthehealthofthecrewmembersonboard.“Spaceflightisjustahugestressor,”saysJimmyWu,thedeputydirectoroftheBaylorCollegeofMedicine’sTranslationalResearchInstituteforSpaceHealth(TRISH)inHouston,Texas,whichcollectsmedicaldataonmercialspacetravellers,includingthePolarisDawncrew.Researchersthinkthatprivatecrewedspaceflightswillhelptogetanswersfasterabouthowspaceflightaffectshealththangovernmentledmissionswithtrainedastronauts,becausetheyareliftingoffmoreoften.“Itisreallyhardtostudyastronautsbecauseittakessolongtogeteven10or12ofthemthroughsixmonthmissions,”saysLeighGabel,akinesiologistattheUniversityofCalgaryinCanada,whostudiestheeffectsofmicrogravityonbonehealth.“Privatespacetravelcouldgiveusareallegup.”北极星黎明号是SpaceX的私人航天器，目前正在绕地球飞行，自9月10日发射以来已经创下了多项纪录。起飞数小时后，该任务的载人龙飞船到达了1,400公里的高度，这是载人飞船到达的地球上方最高轨道，也是自20世纪60年代末和70年代初美国宇航局的阿波罗任务以来人类距离地球最远的距离。今天早些时候，两名机组人员——美国企业家贾里德·艾萨克曼和SpaceX工程师莎拉·吉利斯在700多公里的最高高度完成了有史以来首次商业太空行走。虽然这些里程碑令人印象深刻，但对接受《自然》采访的研究人员来说，更令人感兴趣的是这次任务对太空科学的未来意味着什么。随着私人和航班更频繁地进入太空，将有更多机会在微重力条件下进行实验并探索人类太空旅行的极限。与此同时，北极星黎明号将在未来几天内坠入墨西哥湾或大西洋，并带来科学成果。此次任务的载人龙飞船名为“韧性”，将携带来自加拿大、沙特阿拉伯和美国的31家不同机构的36项实验，其中许多实验都侧重于太空旅行者的健康。“我们将学到很多东西，”艾萨克曼在8月19日的新闻发布会上说。“如果我们有一天到达火星，我们希望能够回来，身体健康，可以向人们讲述这一切。”北极星黎明号是计划中的三次北极星任务中的第一次，由艾萨克曼资助和领导，他是总部位于宾夕法尼亚州中心谷的支付处理公司Shift的首席执行官。北极星计划的目标之一是帮助推进总部位于加利福尼亚州霍桑的SpaceX公司实现载人航天的雄心。第三次北极星任务将是SpaceX的星际飞船的首次载人飞行，星际飞船是一种完全可重复使用的巨型火箭，NASA已将其用于在几年内将宇航员运送到月球表面，这是其雄心勃勃的阿尔忒弥斯计划的一部分。另一方面，该任务正在研究船上机组人员的健康状况。“太空飞行有一个巨大的压力源，”位于德克萨斯州休斯顿的贝勒医学院太空健康转化研究所副主任JimmyWu说，该研究所收集商业太空旅行者的医疗数据，包括北极星黎明号机组人员。研究人员认为，私人载人航天飞行比政府主导的载人航天飞行任务更能帮助人们更快地了解航天飞行对健康的影响，因为私人载人航天飞行的升空频率更高。“研究宇航员真的很难，因为让10到12名宇航员完成为期六个月的任务需要很长时间，”加拿大卡尔加里大学运动机能学家LeighGabel表示，他研究的是微重力对骨骼健康的影响。“私人太空旅行可以给我们带来真正的优势。”答案单词astronautprocedurementalintelligentrocketgravityfrontiervehicleuniversedetermineddeterminesatellitelaunchorbitgiantleapmankindagencytransmitdatadisappointeddesireongoingindependentlyindependentspacecraftspacewalkjadedocksignalrecyclemusclelackfloatotherwisebeyondsolarcurrentsufficientsoaptissuefacilitykeenglobeargueargumentfatalshallowpatternanalysishighendmonitorregularlyregularsmartphoneresourcelimitedclosingmysteryattachoxygenn.毛巾；抹布n.微波炉n.泡沫橡胶；泡沫n.枕头短语launchasatellitephysicalandmentalhealthdet