湖南省郴州市2024-2025学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题 含解析

郴州市2025年上学期期末教学质量监测试卷高一英语（试题卷）注意事项：1.试卷分听力、阅读、语言运用、写作四个部分，共10页。时量120分钟，满分150分。2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡和该试题卷的指定位置上，并认真核对答题卡上的姓名、准考证号和科目。3.考生作答时，选择题和非选择题均须作答在答题卡上，在本试题卷上答题无效。考生在答题卡上按答题卡中注意事项的要求答题。4.考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C.1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atastore.B.Atacinema.C.Atarestaurant.2.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?A.SunnyB.Rainy.C.Cloudy.3.Whatprogramsdoesthemanprefer?A.Music.B.Literature.C.News.4.Howwillthespeakerspromotetheirnewproducts?AHaveafair.B.Holdacontest.C.Doasalespromotion.5.Whowontherace?A.Kyle.B.Michael.C.Chris.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.What’sthewoman’sproblem?A.Shecan’tlearnmathwell.B.Shecan’tconcentrateinclass.C.Sheisn’tinterestedinanysubject.7.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Domoreexercises.B.Asktheteacherforhelp.C.Findotherstostudywith.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Overthephone.B.Attheairport.C.Inatravelagency.9.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Bookaflight.B.Discussatravelplan.C.Askforsuggestions.10.Whattimewilltheman’sflighttakeoff.A.At1:30.B.At3:00.C.At5:00.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Toaskforhelp.B.Todiscussherjobduties.C.Toshareherworksituation.12.Howmanyemailshasthewomanwritten?A.Three.B.Seven.C.Ten.13.What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Strangers.C.Husbandandwife.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhatisJack’sattitudetowardthebasketballteam?A.Disappointed.B.Uninterested.C.Enthusiastic.15.Howoftendoestheteamhaveagameatthestadium?A.Everyweek.B.Everymonth.C.Everyseason.16.Whichsportdoesthewomanprefer?A.Football.B.Basketball.C.Volleyball.17.WhydoesJacksuggestleavingearly?A.Tohavedinner.B.Togetgoodseats.C.Towatchtheteampractice.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhendidOttoFrederickfirstinventhisbreadslicer?A.In1912.B.In1917.C.In1927.19.WhatcanwelearnaboutthegameofFootbag?AItwasinventedbychance.B.Itwasinventedbytwoguys.C.ItwasinventedforJohn’shandsurgery.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Thewaystoinventthings.B.Challengesfacinginventors.C.Reasonsforinventingthings.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AStudentsfromSantaMonica,California,willconnectwithNASAastronautJonnyKimasheanswersprerecordedscience.technology,engineering,andmathematics-relatedquestionsintheInternationalSpaceStation.Watchthe20-minutespace-to-Earthcallat12:10p.m.EDTonTuesday,April29,ontheNASASTEMYou’fubeChannel.Mediainterestedincoveringtheeventmustconfirmyourattendanceby5p.m.,Friday,April25,toEsmiCareagaat805-651-3204×71582.TheeventishostedbySantaMonicaHighSchool,Kim’soldschool,andincludesstudentsfromRooseveltElementarySchoolandLincolnMiddleSchoolinSantaMonica.Theschoolshopetoencouragestudentstofollowtheirdreamsandexploretheirpassionsthroughcuriosity,service,andinterestinlearning.Formorethan24years,astronautshavecontinuouslylivedandworkedinthespacestation,testingtechnologies,performingscience,anddevelopingskillsneededtoexplorefartherfromEarth.AstronautsintheorbitinglaboratorycommunicatewithNASA’sMissionControlCenterinHouston24hoursadaythroughSCaN’s(SpaceCommunicationsandNavigation)NearSpaceNetwork.ImportantresearchandtechnologyinvestigationstakingplaceinthespacestationbenefitpeopleonEarthandlaythefoundationforotheragencytasks.AspartofNASA’sArtemiscampaign,theagencywillsendastronautstotheMoontoprepareforfuturehumanexplorationofMars,inspiringArtemisGenerationexplorersandensuringtheUnitedStatescontinuestoleadinspaceexplorationanddiscovery.Clickheretoseevideoshighlightingspacestationresearchat:https://www.nasa.Gov/stemonstation.1.WhatkindofquestionswillJonnyKimanswerduringthespace-toEarthcall?A.AI-relatedquestions. B.STEM-relatedquestions.C.Career-relatedquestions. D.Environment-relatedquestions.2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheeventaccordingtothetext?A.Itrequiresanattendancefee.B.ItisheldbyKim’scurrentschool.C.Itismeantforstudentsandteachers.D.Itaimstoinspirestudentstopursuetheirdreams.3.Whereisthistextmostlikelytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Awebsite.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Acourseplan.【答案】1.B2.D3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了美国东部时间4月29日星期二下午12:10，在NASASTEM频道播放的20分钟的太空对地通话活动，美国宇航局宇航员JonnyKim将在国际空间站回答加州圣莫尼卡学生们的问题。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“StudentsfromSantaMonica,California,willconnectwithNASAastronautJonnyKimasheanswersprerecordedscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics-relatedquestionsintheInternationalSpaceStation.(来自加州圣莫尼卡的学生们将与美国宇航局宇航员JonnyKim联系，听他回答预先录制的科学、技术、工程和数学相关问题)”可知，JonnyKim会回答科学、技术、工程和数学相关问题，故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theschoolshopetoencouragestudentstofollowtheirdreamsandexploretheirpassionsthroughcuriosity,service,andinterestinlearning.(学校希望鼓励学生通过好奇心、服务和学习兴趣来追随他们的梦想和探索他们的激情)”可知，这个活动的旨在激励学生追求梦想，故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合文章最后一句“Clickheretoseevideoshighlightingspacestationresearchat:https://www.nasa.Gov/stemonstation.(点击这里https://www.nasa.Gov/stemonstation.观看关于空间站研究的视频)”可知，文章出自一个网站，故选B。BValerie,acutedachshund(腊肠犬),hadanincredibleadventure.Shespent529daysallbyherselfonKangarooIslandinAustraliabeforefinallybeingrescued,andherstorycapturedtheheartsofmanypeople.ValeriemadeherescapeduringacampingtripwithownersGeorgiaGardnerandherpartnerJoshFishlock,dashingoutofapen(围栏)andstraightintothebush.Herworriedownerssearchedfordays-acrossthelargeisland,whichcoversmorethan4,400squarekilometersoffarms,naturereserves,androckycliffs.Buttheyhadnoluckandfinallygaveup.Themissingdachshundwasnotseenformorethanayear,withmanyholdingoutlittlehopeforhersurvival.Then,videocamerasandlocalsbeganspottingherandvolunteerslaunchedapatienthuntforher.Volunteersearchersdrovemorethan5,000kilometersandusedcameras,trapsandspecialfoodtoattracther.ButValerieseemedtofleefrompeopleandcars.“Valerieseemsimpossibletotrap,”awildliferescuerpostedonsocialmedialastmonth.Afterspendingmorethan1,000hoursonthesearch,thevolunteersfinallysucceeded.ThewildliferescuegroupwasoverjoyedandrelievedtoannouncethatValeriewassafeandsound.Shewouldsoonreturntoherlovingowners.“Bredtobeanindependenthunterofdangerousprey,theycanbebravetothepointofrashness,andabitstubborn,”therescuegroupsaid.Valerie’sownerGardnersaidinasocialmediapostshewas“incrediblygrateful”tothevolunteerswhohelpedfindherdog.Foranyonewho’severlostapet,yourfeelingsarevalidandnevergiveuphope.4.WhathappenedtoValerieduringthecampingtrip?A.Shefelloffarockycliff.B.Shewasattackedbywildanimals.C.Shewasleftbehindbyherowners.D.Shegotlostafterrunningoutofapen.5.WhywasitdifficultforthevolunteerstocatchValerie?A.Shecouldhideinthethickbusheasily.B.Shewastoofastforthevolunteerstofollow.C.Shewasaccustomedtolivingaloneontheisland.D.Shewassocautiousthatshealwaysavoidedpeople.6.WhatcanweinferfromGardner’swordsonsocialmedia?A.Lostpetsareoftenhuntedinthewild.B.Peopleshouldkeeptheirpetsathome.C.Neverlosehopewhenpetsgomissing.D.Dachshundsarethebravestdogbreed.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ADog’sAmazingAdventure B.TipsforPetProtectionC.TheEffortsofRescueVolunteers D.TheSurvivalofDachshunds【答案】4.D5.D6.C7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述宠物犬Valerie和主人走失在澳大利亚的袋鼠岛上独自度过了529天后最终获救的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ValeriemadeherescapeduringacampingtripwithownersGeorgiaGardnerandherpartnerJoshFishlock,dashingoutofapen(围栏)andstraightintothebush.(Valerie是在一次露营旅行中逃脱的，当时她和主人GeorgiaGardner以及她的伴侣JoshFishlock一起从围栏里跑出来，直接跑进了灌木丛里)”可知，Valerie在露营旅行中从围栏里跑出来后走丢了。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Volunteersearchersdrovemorethan5,000kilometersandusedcameras,trapsandspecialfoodtoattracther.ButValerieseemedtofleefrompeopleandcars.(志愿者们驱车5000多公里，用相机、陷阱和特殊食物来吸引她。但Valerie似乎在躲避人群和汽车)”可知，志愿者很难找到Valerie是因为它很谨慎，总是躲避人群，故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Valerie’sownerGardnersaidinasocialmediapostshewas“incrediblygrateful”tothevolunteerswhohelpedfindherdog.Foranyonewho’severlostapet,yourfeelingsarevalidandnevergiveuphope.(Valerie的主人Gardner在社交媒体上发帖说，她“非常感谢”帮助找到她的狗的志愿者。对于那些曾经失去宠物的人来说，你的感觉是合理的，永远不要放弃希望)”可知，Gardner认为宠物丢失后不要放弃希望，故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Valerie,acutedachshund(腊肠犬),hadanincredibleadventure.Shespent529daysallbyherselfonKangarooIslandinAustraliabeforefinallybeingrescued,andherstorycapturedtheheartsofmanypeople.(Valerie，一只可爱的腊肠犬，有一段不可思议的冒险。她在澳大利亚的袋鼠岛上独自度过了529天，最终获救，她的故事俘获了许多人的心)”可知，文章主要讲述宠物犬Valerie和主人走失在澳大利亚的袋鼠岛上独自度过了529天后最终获救的故事，A项“一只狗的奇妙冒险”最适合作为标题，故选A。CItisrarethattheCEOpraisesthevirtuesofsleepinglate.Accordingtoonestudy,two-thirdsoftheCEOsoflargeAmericancompaniesareupby6o’clock,whileforaverageAmericans,theshareislessthanonethird.Forfuturecorporateleaders,themessageseemsclear:yousnooze(打盹),youlose.Mikehasnosuchambitions.Buthe’striedwithearlystarts,andfindstheybringthesenseofsatisfactionthatcomesfromarrivingbeforeyoureditor—mailboxcanbeclearedandproblemssolvedbeforethefloodofmeetings,leavingyoufeelingwellpreparedforthedayahead.Earlybirdsarecertainlythoughthighlyof.Rollingintotheofficelateisunacceptableinmostcompanies.Astudypublishedin2020foundnightowls(猫头鹰)wereregardedasbeing“lazy”and“immature”.However,risingearlyisnotallupside.Thosepreparedtoreceiveworkwhenthebossarrivesmaybeassignedmoreofit.Urgenttasksoftencomeupduringtheday,meaningearlyarrivalsmayendupworkingjustaslateasothercolleagues.Wakingbeforesunrisealsorisksmakingyouabore.Someearlyriserscan’thelpdescribinghowmuchtheygotdonewhilenightowlshitthesnoozebutton.Othersgohomeearlyratherthansocialize.Nightowls,bycontrast,letloose.Intheeyesofmany,latenightsarethepreserveofyouth,whileearlymorningsareviewedasfortheelderly.Ifyou’dliketochangeyourbodyclock,itispossibletoendindisappointment,asitislargelydeterminedbygenes.Perhapsthebestadviceistostopworryingaboutyourbodyclock.Mostpeopleareneitherearlybirdsnornightowls,butinbetween,strugglingbothinthemorningandlateevening.Thatiswhymostofficesoperatebetween9and5andwhytheyoughttohavebreakrooms.8.WhatadvantagedoesMikefindinearlystarts?A.Gettingreadyforthework. B.Enhancingcreativethinking.C.Reducingworkloadpressure. D.Improvingsocialrelationships.9.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?A.Nightowlsfeelmorestressed. B.Risingearlyisaltogetherbeneficial.C.Risingearlyprobablymeansgettingmorework. D.Onearrivingearlycanendupinworkingearlier.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“hitthesnoozebutton”inparagraph5mean?A.Letoutayawn. B.Sleepalittlelonger.C.Turnoffthealarm. D.Getuptomakebreakfast.11.Whatistheauthor’sfinaladviceregardingthebodyclock?A.Accepttheirgeneticdetermination. B.Prioritizenighttimeproductivity.C.Adjustitthroughconsistenthabits. D.Balanceworkwithregularbreaks.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了多数美国大公司CEO早起，早起者受认可，但也有弊端，如可能多干活、让人觉得无趣。对此文章指出生物钟多由基因决定，不必纠结，多数人介于两者之间。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Mikehasnosuchambitions.Buthe’striedwithearlystarts,andfindstheybringthesenseofsatisfactionthatcomesfromarrivingbeforeyoureditor—mailboxcanbeclearedandproblemssolvedbeforethefloodofmeetings,leavingyoufeelingwellpreparedforthedayahead.(迈克并没有这样的抱负。但他曾尝试过提前开始工作，结果发现这样做能带来一种满足感，那就是在编辑的邮箱还未清理完毕、问题还未解决之前就完成了工作——这样能让你在众多会议之前做好充分准备，从而感觉一切都很有条理)”可知，迈克觉得早起可以为工作做好准备。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thosepreparedtoreceiveworkwhenthebossarrivesmaybeassignedmoreofit.(那些愿意在老板到来时就做好准备迎接工作的人可能会被分配到更多的工作任务)”可知，早起可能意味着要完成更多的工作。故选C。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Wakingbeforesunrisealsorisksmakingyouabore.(清晨起床就有可能让你变得乏味)”以及下文“Nightowls,bycontrast,letloose.(相比之下，夜猫子们则尽情享受夜晚的时光)”可知，夜猫子们享受夜晚的时光，所以清晨睡得较久。故划线词意思是“睡得较久”。故选B。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ifyou’dliketochangeyourbodyclock,itispossibletoendindisappointment,asitislargelydeterminedbygenes.Perhapsthebestadviceistostopworryingaboutyourbodyclock.Mostpeopleareneitherearlybirdsnornightowls,butinbetween,strugglingbothinthemorningandlateevening.(如果你想改变自己的生物钟，可能会事与愿违，因为这在很大程度上是由基因决定的。或许最好的建议就是别再为自己的生物钟而烦恼了。大多数人都既不是早起的鸟儿，也不是夜猫子，而是介于两者之间的类型，白天和晚上都难以保持良好的状态)”可知，关于生物钟，作者的最终建议是接受其由基因决定的事实。故选A。DAnaccuratediagnosisofADHD(多动症)isreallyimportantforpeoplewhohaveit.Ithelpsthemunderstandtheirconditionandgettherightsupport.ButthecurrentwaysofdiagnosingADHDtakealotoftimeandaren’talwaysaccurate.AnewstudysuggestsAIcouldhelp.ResearchersinSouthKoreatrainedmachinelearningmodelstoconnectcharacteristicsinphotosofthefundus(眼底)atthebackoftheeyetoaprofessionaldiagnosisofADHD.Amongthefourmachinelearningmodelstheytested,thebestachieveda96.9percentscoreforpredictingADHDaccurately,basedonimageanalysisalone.Theteamdiscoveredthathigherbloodvessel(血管)density,theshapeandwidthofthevessels,andsomechangesintheeye’sopticdiscwerekeysignsofADHD.Formanyyears,peoplehavethoughtthatthechangesinbrainconnectivityrelatedtoADHDmightalsoshowupinoureyes.Ifwecanfigureoutwhatexactlytolookfor,itcouldmeanwehaveafasterandmorereliablewaytodetectthedisorder.Theresearcherstestedthismethodon323childrenandteenagerswithADHDandanother323withoutADHD.Thesecondgrouphadthesameageandsexasthefirstone.TheyfoundtheAIsystemdidverywellinpredictingADHDandspottingsomeofitsfeatures.likeproblemswithvisualselectiveattention.Next,theresearchersplantotestthismethodonmorepeopleofdifferentages.Theaverageageofparticipantsinthisstudywas9.5years,andweknowADHDinadultscanpresentquitedifferently.Also,theyneedtomakethesystembetterattellingthedifferencebetweenADHDandautism(自闭症).Sinceabout1in20peoplehasADHD,aquickerandmoreaccuratediagnosiscanreallymakeadifferencetotheirlives.“Earlyscreeningandtimelyinterventioncanimprovesocial,familial,andacademicfunctioninginindividualswithADHD,”writetheresearchers.12.WhatisthemainproblemwithcurrentADHDdiagnosis?A.Expensiveandunetable. B.Dependableandavailable.C.Inaccessibleandincorrect. D.Time-consumingandinaccurate.13.WhatdidtheSouthKoreanresearchersdointhestudy?A.TheydevelopedanewdrugfortreatingADHD.B.Theytreated323childrenandteenagerswithADHD.C.TheytrainedmachinelearningmodelstopredictADHD.D.TheystudiedtherelationshipbetweenautismandADHD.14.HowdidresearcherstesttheAIsystem?A.Bypredictingthefeatures. B.Byusingamatchedcontrolgroup.C.Byreferringtopreviousstudies. D.Bytesting600childrenintotal.15.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.TheintentionofapplyingtheAIsystemtomorepeople.B.ThesignificantimpactofagedifferencesonADHDsymptoms.C.ThenecessityofexpandingAI-basedADHDdiagnosisresearch.D.TheimportanceofearlysocialsupportforchildrenwithADHD.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了韩国研究人员训练人工智能预测多动症的研究。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“ButthecurrentwaysofdiagnosingADHDtakealotoftimeandaren’talwaysaccurate.(但是目前诊断多动症的方法需要花费大量时间，而且并不总是准确的)”可知，目前这段多动症的方法耗时且不准确，故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“ResearchersinSouthKoreatrainedmachinelearningmodelstoconnectcharacteristicsinphotosofthefundus(眼底)atthebackoftheeyetoaprofessionaldiagnosisofADHD.Amongthefourmachinelearningmodelstheytested,thebestachieveda96.9percentscoreforpredictingADHDaccurately,basedonimageanalysisalone.(韩国的研究人员训练了机器学习模型，将眼底照片中的特征与ADHD的专业诊断联系起来。在他们测试的四种机器学习模型中，仅基于图像分析，最好的模型在准确预测ADHD方面取得了96.9%的分数)”可知，韩国研究人员在研究中训练机器学习模型来预测多动症，故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theresearcherstestedthismethodon323childrenandteenagerswithADHDandanother323withoutADHD.Thesecondgrouphadthesameageandsexasthefirstone.Thesecondgrouphadthesameageandsexasthefirstone.(研究人员在323名患有多动症的儿童和青少年以及另外323名没有多动症的儿童和青少年身上测试了这种方法。第二组的年龄和性别与第一组相同)”可知，研究人员是通过使用匹配的对照组来测试AI系统的，故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是最后一句“Earlyscreeningandtimelyinterventioncanimprovesocial,familial,andacademicfunctioninginindividualswithADHD(早期筛查和及时干预可以改善多动症患者的社会、家庭和学术功能)”可知，文章首句提到研究人员计划在更多不同年龄的人身上测试这种方法，接着提出两点原因：ADHD在成年人身上的表现完全不同，他们还需要让这个系统更好地区分多动症和自闭症，最后指出早期筛查和及时干预可以改善多动症患者的社会、家庭和学术功能，因此本段主要讲扩大基于人工智能的ADHD诊断研究的必要性，故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenwethinkofsuccess,weoftenthinkofafewdifferentthings:hardwork,persistence,discipline,pain.____16____Theverysecretisthepowerofvisualization.Whatisvisualization?Simply,it’sthehabitofimaginingyourselfaccomplishingwhatyouwanttoachieve—andthenaccomplishingit.Thisisatriedandtestedmethodsupportedbyvariousresearchersandpsychologists.Inshort,visualizationtrainsthebrainonhowtoreacttoobstacles(障碍)andpreparesthemtoreachbothshort-termandlong-termgoals.Itconvincesthebrainthatwhatyouareimaginingisactuallyreality.____17________18____Thepowerofvisualizationcomesfromconvincingyourbrainthatnotonlycanyoumakeit,butyouwillmakeit.Itconvincesthebrainthatthereisarewardattheendofallyourhardwork.Thisboostofdriveandambitiondoesn’tjustmotivateyoutoworkhard,butitinspiresyoutokeepongoingwhenthegoinggetstough.Howtomakeuseofvisualizationforsuccess?Oneofthemostpowerfulwaystoputvisualizationintopracticeisthroughmeditationvisualization(冥想想象)____19____Meditationvisualizationisalsoagoodpracticetotrainyourmindtoovercomeobstacles.Sincetheobstaclesarealreadyovercomeinyourmind,yourbrainreactsasnecessary.____20____Itlessensfears,strengthensyourbeliefinyourgoals,andconvincesyourbrainyou’recapable.Initsessence,visualizationbringsyourdreamjustalittlebitclosertoreality.Closeenough,atleast,thatyoucanreachoutandgrabit.A.Whycanvisualizationwork?B.Wheredoesvisualizationcomefrom?C.This,inturn,changeshowthebrainbehaves.D.Visualizationisausefultoolforrealizinganydream.E.Visualizationcanbeusedtohelpovercomespecificfears.F.Butthereisasimpleyetpowerfulsecretyoucanmakeuseof.G.Pictureyourdreams,andyou’llgetabettervisionofyourfutureandgoals.【答案】16.F17.C18.A19.G20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了视觉化（visualization）作为成功秘诀的心理学原理，指出通过想象目标实现能训练大脑应对障碍，增强动力，并通过冥想实践将梦想拉近现实。【16题详解】由上文“Whenwethinkofsuccess,weoftenthinkofafewdifferentthings:hardwork,persistence,discipline,pain.(当我们想到成功时，我们通常会想到几件不同的事情：努力工作、坚持、自律、付出。)”及下文“Theverysecretisthepowerofvisualization.(这个秘诀就是想象的力量。)”可知，此处需引出成功的另一个秘诀。F项Butthereisasimpleyetpowerfulsecretyoucanmakeuseof.(但有一个简单而强大的秘诀你可以利用。)中But表转折，引出与前文不同的成功要素，“secret”直接对应下文“theverysecret”，形成“提及常见成功要素→引出核心秘诀”的逻辑。故选F项。【17题详解】由上文“Inshort,visualizationtrainsthebrainonhowtoreacttoobstaclesandpreparesthemtoreachbothshort-termandlong-termgoals.Itconvincesthebrainthatwhatyouareimaginingisactuallyreality.(简而言之，想象训练大脑如何应对障碍，并为实现短期和长期目标做好准备。它让大脑相信你所想象的实际上是现实。)”可知，此处需说明想象对大脑行为的影响。C项This,inturn,changeshowthebrainbehaves.(这反过来又会改变大脑的行为方式。)中This指代前文“visualizationtrainsthebrain”和“convincesthebrain”，“changeshowthebrainbehaves”是想象产生的结果，解释了想象发挥作用的机制，衔接“想象的作用→对大脑的影响”的逻辑。故选C项。【18题详解】由下文“Thepowerofvisualizationcomesfromconvincingyourbrainthatnotonlycanyoumakeit,butyouwillmakeit.Itconvincesthebrainthatthereisarewardattheendofallyourhardwork.(想象的力量来自于让你的大脑相信，你不仅能成功，而且一定会成功。它让大脑相信，在你所有的努力结束时会有回报。)”可知，此处需提出想象为何有效的问题。A项Whycanvisualizationwork?(为什么想象会起作用？)中“Why”引导对想象作用原理的探讨，下文则具体解释其原因，形成“提出问题→解答问题”的结构，明确该部分是关于想象有效的原因。故选A项。【19题详解】由上文“Oneofthemostpowerfulwaystoputvisualizationintopracticeisthroughmeditationvisualization.(将想象付诸实践最有效方法之一是通过冥想想象。)”可知，此处需说明冥想想象的具体做法。G项Pictureyourdreams,andyou’llgetabettervisionofyourfutureandgoals.(想象你的梦想，你会对自己的未来和目标有更清晰的认识。)中“Pictureyourdreams”是“meditationvisualization”的具体操作，“bettervisionofyourfutureandgoals”说明其效果，解释了如何进行冥想想象，衔接“方法→做法”的逻辑。故选G项。【20题详解】由下文“Itlessensfears,strengthensyourbeliefinyourgoals,andconvincesyourbrainyou’recapable.(它减少恐惧，增强你对目标的信念，并让大脑相信你有能力。)”可知，此处需总述想象对实现梦想的作用。D项Visualizationisausefultoolforrealizinganydream.(想象是实现任何梦想的有用工具。)中“usefultoolforrealizinganydream”统领下文“lessensfears”、“strengthensbelief”等具体作用，形成“总述作用→具体表现”的结构，强调想象对成功的价值。故选D项。第三部分知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ThessalonikaArzu-Embryisateenagegirlandarolemodelforyoungpeoplebyinspiringandhelpingothersthroughherachievements.____21____hasneverbeenaproblemforher.Shegraduatedfromhighschoolattheageof11,earnedabachelor’sdegreeinPsychologyattheageof14andanMBAattheageof16.____22____,shedidn’tstopthere.TheteenstartedaPhDprograminaviationpsychology(航空心理学).Her____23____foraviationwasexcitedbyherfather,aprivate____24____,whonowworksatO’HareInternationalAirport.“WhenIbegantothinkaboutaprofession,I____25____onewhereIcouldmakeanimpact,”shetoldBlackDoctor,“Ifeel____26____fortheopportunitytohelpothersatanearlyage.”She____27____thatheraviationpsychologydegreewillgivehertheknowledgeneededtoprevent“humanfactorerrors”thatcan____28____planecrashes.Shesaysthepsychologyaspectwillhelphertounderstandifapilotis____29____,stressedoutordealingwithotherissuesthatcan____30____impacthisperformanceonthejob.Inadditiontobeingonthe____31____tracktoearningherdoctorate,Arzu-Embryisalsopursuingvariousbusinessprojects.Besides____32____appsforGoogleandApplesystems,sheispromotingher____33____she’swrittenandattendingspeakingengagementsto_____34_____otherpeopletodowhatshe’sdoing.Sofar,shehaspublishedbooks,includingSettled:JusticeforAll,IntheFuture,ThenGeniusRace,JumptheEducationBarrierandPerspicaciousInvesting.Asyoucansee,Thessalonikahasalready____35____alot,andofcourse,she’sjustgettingstarted.21.A.Age B.Profession C.Appearance D.Personality22.A.Therefore B.However C.Moreover D.Otherwise23.A.success B.failure C.talent D.passion24.A.astronaut B.businessman C.novelist D.pilot25.A.chose B.attained C.expanded D.associated26.A.guilty B.responsible C.suitable D.honored27.A.hopes B.wonders C.suggests D.concludes28.A.leadto B.breakdown C.breathelifeinto D.buildup29.A.relaxed B.pleased C.anxious D.calm30.A.positively B.specifically C.slightly D.negatively31.A.odd B.fast C.challenging D.curious32.A.inventing B.discovering C.developing D.investigating33.A.poems B.books C.journals D.letters34.A.inspire B.insist C.demand D.order35.A.founded B.evaluated C.achieved D.defeated【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.D25.A26.D27.A28.A29.C30.D31.B32.C33.B34.A35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了少女ThessalonikaArzu-Embry通过非凡成就激励他人，成为青年榜样事迹。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：年龄对她来说从来不是问题。A.Age年龄；B.Profession职业；C.Appearance外貌；D.Personality个性。根据后文“Shegraduatedfromhighschoolattheageof11.earnedabachelor’sdegreeinPsychologyattheageof14andanMBAattheageof16.”可知，她11岁高中毕业，14岁获得心理学学士学位，16岁获得MBA学位，说明年龄对她来说不是问题。故选A。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她并没有止步于此。A.Therefore因此；B.However然而；C.Moreover此外；D.Otherwise否则。根据上文“Shegraduatedfromhighschoolattheageof11,earnedabachelor’sdegreeinPsychologyattheageof14andanMBAattheageof16.”和下文“shedidn’tstopthere”可知，上文提到她16岁就获得了MBA学位，下文说她并没有止步于此，前后为转折关系，应用However。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她对航空的热爱是由她的父亲激发的，她的父亲是一名私人飞行员，现在在奥黑尔国际机场工作。A.success成功；B.failure失败；C.talent才能；D.passion热爱。根据前文“TheteenstartedaPhDprograminaviationpsychology(航空心理学).”和后文“foraviationwasexcitedbyherfather”可知，她对航空的热爱是由她的父亲激发的。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.astronaut宇航员；B.businessman商人；C.novelist小说家；D.pilot飞行员。根据后文“whonowworksatO’HareInternationalAirport”可知，她的父亲是一名私人飞行员。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当我开始考虑职业时，我选择了一个能产生影响力的职业，”她告诉BlackDoctor。A.chose选择；B.attained获得；C.expanded扩大；D.associated联系。根据后文“onewhereIcouldmakeanimpact”可知，她选择了一个能产生影响力的职业。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很荣幸有机会在年轻的时候帮助别人。A.guilty内疚的；B.responsible负责的；C.suitable合适的；D.honored荣幸的。根据后文“fortheopportunitytohelpothersatanearlyage”可知，她选择一个能产生影响力的职业，应该是很荣幸有机会帮助别人。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望她的航空心理学学位能让她获得预防可能导致飞机失事的“人为因素错误”所需的知识。A.hopes希望；B.wonders想知道；C.suggests建议；D.concludes总结。根据后文“thatheraviationpsychologydegreewillgivehertheknowledgeneededtoprevent“humanfactorerrors””可知，她对学位能带来的作用抱有“希望”，她希望她的航空心理学学位能让她获得相关知识。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.leadto导致；B.breakdown出故障；C.breathelifeinto注入活力；D.buildup建立。根据后文“planecrashes”可知，人为因素错误会“导致”飞机失事。故选A。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，心理学方面将帮助她了解飞行员是否焦虑、压力过大或正在处理其他可能对其工作表现产生负面影响问题。A.relaxed放松的；B.pleased高兴的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.calm平静的。根据后文“stressedoutordealingwithotherissues”可知，本空与stressedout并列，anxious是负面情绪，符合语境。故选C。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.positively积极地；B.specifically特别地；C.slightly轻微地；D.negatively消极地。根据上文“stressedoutordealingwithotherissuesthatcan”和下文“impacthisperformanceonthejob”以及常识，可知焦虑、压力过大或正处理其他问题会对工作表现产生负面影响。故选D。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了快速获得博士学位外，Arzu-Embry还在从事各种商业项目。A.odd奇怪的；B.fast快速的；C.challenging有挑战性的；D.curious好奇的。根据上文“Shegraduatedfromhighschoolattheageof11,earnedabachelor’sdegreeinPsychologyattheageof14andanMBAattheageof