中科大自然科学概论课件04地球环境

自然科学概论第四章地球环境内容4-1地球的起源4-9地质年代4-2地球的形状与大小4-3地球的公转与自转4-4地球的构造4-5板块运动4-6地震4-7火山4-8台风4-10大气层自然科学概论地球的起源资料来源：庄荣辉，台大生技系，http://.tw/JRH/talks.htm

10-44秒后10-34秒后10万年后150亿年后(现在)牛顿杂志，第129期，p116，1994宇宙诞生大霹雳宇宙的放晴现在的宇宙肥皂泡模型资料来源：庄荣辉，台大生技系，http://.tw/JRH/talks.htm

资料来源：庄荣辉，台大生技系，http://.tw/JRH/talks.htm

资料来源：庄荣辉，台大生技系，http://.tw/JRH/talks.htm

资料来源：庄荣辉，台大生技系，http://.tw/JRH/talks.htm

资料来源：庄荣辉，台大生技系，http://.tw/JRH/talks.htm

资料来源：庄荣辉，台大生技系，http://.tw/JRH/talks.htm

地质年代LatestPrecambrian/EarlyPaleozoic

Supercontinent

Rodinia,centeredaboutthesouthpole,breaksapart.NorthAmerica(Laurentia),Baltica,andSiberiamovedNorth.

MarineInvertebrates.

NorthAmerica:arconthesouth.BalticaandSiberiamovedinfromtheSE.

Texas(505-570Ma):Flatplain;remnantsoferodedcollisionalbelt(Llano).ShallowmarineseasacrossmuchofTexas.Sandysedimentonshore,limestoneoffshore.Trilobites,brachiopods.http:///rcb/globaltext.htmlLatestPrecambrian/EarlyPaleozoic

Supercontinent

Rodiniacontinuestobreakapart.Piecesmovenorth.-Fish.-Glaciation.NorthAmerica:Numerousplatesandcontinentalblocksmoveinfromthesouthandeast.TheTaconicarccollides,formingtheTaconicorogeny.

Texas438-505Ma:ShallowmarineseasacrossmuchofinlandTexas.Warm-waterlimestone.Corals,brachiopods.

http:///rcb/globaltext.htmlMiddle/LatePaleozoicRemainsofRodinia(Gondwana)movenorthwardtocollidewithLaurasia--creatingthesupercontinentPangaeaandtheTethysOcean.Firstland-plants.

BalticacollideswithNorthAmericaintheCaledonian-Acadianorogeny.

Texas403-438Ma:ShallowmarineseasacrossmuchofwestTexas-limestone.Corals,brachiopods.

http:///rcb/globaltext.htmlMiddle/LatePaleozoicMostdriftingRodiniablocksassembledintothesupercontinentofLaurussia.Amphibians.Fishreallygetgoing.Ferns.Glaciation.NorthAmerica:Caledonian-AcadianorogenymarksassemblageofLaurussia.Gondwanaclosedinfromthesouth.AnarcformedalongwesternNorthAmerica.Texas360-408Ma:shallowmarinesandstonesandlimestonesinwestTexas.

http:///rcb/globaltext.htmlMiddle/LatePaleozoicGondwana,withalarge,developingglacier,nearssouthernLaurussia.Fern-forests.NorthAmerica:TheAntlerarccollideswithwesternNorthAmericacreatingtheAntlerorogeny.Texas320-360Ma:shallowmarineseasinland.Shalesandlimestones.http:///rcb/globaltext.htmlhttp:///rcb/globaltext.htmlMiddle/LatePaleozoicRodiniablocksofLaurussiaandSiberiacollidetoformLaurasia.

Reptiles.NorthAmerica:Gondwanacollidesfromthesouth.TheresultingAppalachian,Ouachita,Marathon,Ural,Variscan,andHercynian

orogeniesformedsomeofthelargestmountainsofalltime.TheAncestralRockiesform.Texas286-320Ma:OuachitaMountains.Collisionformedinlandbasinsfilledbyseas.Limestone,sandstone,shale.LatestPaleozoic/EarlyMesozoicThesupercontinent

PangeaedominatesthePermianEarth,lyingacrosstheequator.Extinctions!Trilobitesgoaway.NorthAmerica:AnewarcapproacheswesternNorthAmerica.AnewspreadingcenterformsasCimmeriariftsfromGondwanaandopenstheTethyianOcean.ThewesternfringeofPangaealayalongtheeasternmarginofthePacific"ringoffire”subductionzone.Texas245-286Ma:Shallowmarineinlandofmountains.Reefs.Evaporites.Redshales.http:///rcb/globaltext.htmlLatestPaleozoic/EarlyMesozoic

Mammals.NorthAmerica:ArccollisionalongwesternedgeformstheSonomanorogeny.AstheTethysOceanexpands,Cimmeria(Turkey,Iran,andAfghanistan)movenorthwardtowardsLaurasia.Texas208-245Ma:shalesandsandstonesinNW.StartopeningtheGOM-redsandstone,shale,evaporites.

http:///rcb/globaltext.htmlMiddleMesozoicPangaearotates;differentcomponentsatdifferentrates/indifferentdirections--riftsform.

Birds.NorthAmerica:SouthernNorthAtlanticOceanopens,continuingwestintotheGulfofMexico.TheCordilleranarcdevelopsalongPacificmargin.Arcformsonwesternside.Nevadanorogenybegins.CimmeriabeginscollisionwithLaurasia-Cimmerianorogeny.Texas144-208Ma:Changeinsedimentdirection.Shallowwaterdeposition/evaporitesinGOM.http:///rcb/globaltext.htmlMiddleMesozoicTheAtlanticcontinuestoexpandasPangaeabreaksup.TheCimmerianorogenycontinues.NorthAmerica:Arcsandmicrocontinentsslamintowesternregion.LaramideorogenyinRockies.Texas66-144Ma:InfluxofsedimentfromRockies.ShallowCretaceousseawayacrossTexas.Shallowliestones,shales.http:///rcb/globaltext.htmlLateCretaceous/Present

RiftsseparateAfricaandSouthAmericaandthenIndia,Australia,Antarctica.NorthAmericariftsfromEurope.OldGondwanalands(Africa,India,Australia)movenorthtowardEurasia,closingtheTethysOceanandformingtheAlpine-Himalayanmountains.TheAtlanticlengthens/widens,theSevierorogenycontinues,andtheCaribbeanarcforms.Texas65-144Ma:continuingshallowlimestoneandshaledepositiontothesoutheast(fromRockies).http:///rcb/globaltext.htmlPaleocene/Eocene

HimalayanOrogeny.AlpsandPyreneesform.ThemodernpatternsofPlanetEarthappear.Atlanticcontinuestoopen.RockyMountainsgrow.Texas65-35Ma:shaleandsandstoneinsoutheastregionprogradeshoreline(fromtheRockies).VolcanicactivityinPanhandle.http:///rcb/globaltext.htmlOligoceneandMioceneOrogenycontinuesintheMediterraneanregionandIndianearsitsjunctionwithsouthernAsia.Antarcticaisolated.SouthwesternNorthAmericainterceptstheEa