北京市第四十三中学2021届高三上学期1月月考英语试题含答案

北京市第四十三中学2020—2021学年度第一学期期末模拟试卷高三英语 2021.1本试卷共11页,共100分｡考试时长90分钟｡考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效｡第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空｡在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空｡AMostofusclaimwedon’thavetimeforexercise.However,manyexpertssaythatexerciseplaysanimportantroleinmakingourbodyhealthy.Being1(physical)activeoffersmanyadvantages.Asaphysicalreward,exercisecanreduceweightandtheriskofheartdisease.Exercisealso2(bring)goodeffectsmentally.Itcanmakeusfeelrefreshedandhappy,helpingusincreaseourlifequality.Actually,exercisecanbedoneinsimple3(way).Forexample,wecantakethestairsratherthanthelift.Overall,it’shardtofindtimetoexerciseinourbusylives,buteverylittlebithelps.BIt’sapopularbeliefthatfishcan’trememberanything4longerthansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheydon’trememberwhatthey’veeatenorwherethey’vebeen.Butarecentstudy5(find)thatakindoffishcalledAfricancichlidscanremembereventsfromaslongas12daysago.Researcherstrainedthefishtogotoacertainareaoftheirtank6(get)food.Theythenwaitedfor12daysbefore7(put)thembackinthetankagain.Withthehelpofcomputersoftware,theyfoundthefishstillwenttothesameplacewheretheyfirstgotfood.CInApril2017,twogiantpandasfromChinarrivedatazoointheNetherlands.There,they8(welcome)totheChinese⁃stylecompoundwheretheyweretolive.OnMay30,afterthepreparationswerecomplete,thedayfinallycame9thepandasmettheirfansforthefirsttime.Peoplewereexcitedbecause10zooistheonlyplaceinthecountrywhereitispossibletoseepandas.Infact,thelasttimetherewerepandasintheNetherlandswasin1987.第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A､B､C､D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑｡PamBales,anexperiencedhiker,steppedontosnow⁃coveredJewellTrail.ThehikeupthelowerpartofJewellwas11.Butlessthananhourlater,theweatherwasshowingitsteeth.Balesbegantothinkaboutcallingitaday.Thenshenoticedsomething:asinglesetof12inthesnowaheadofher.She’dbeen13uncleartracksalldayandhadn’tgiventhemmuch14,becausesomanypeopleclimbJewellTrail.Butthese,asavolunteeroftheValleySearchandRescueTeam,she15,hadbeenmadebyapairofsneakers,whichwassurelynotforthiskindoftrail.Strongwindscreamed,and16wasjusthoursaway.IfBalescontinuedtofollowthetracks,she’dadd17tothejourney.Butthetracksaheadmeantsomeonemightbein18.Shecouldnotletthisgo.Shesilentlyscoldedtheabsenthikerfor19 normalsafetyrulesandstruggledtowalkcarefullyinthedirectionofthe 20.Afterabout20to30yards,sheroundedacornerandsawamansittingmotionless.Heworetennissneakersandalightjacket.Shecheckedhimforanysignof21.Therewasnone.Baleshadbeentrainedinsearchandrescueandknewthathewashypothermic(体温过低的)andwould22soonifhedidn’tgetoutofthere.Themansaidhehadlosthiswayandwasextremely23.Balesbroughtapairofsoft⁃shellpants,awinterhat,andajacketfromherpack.Shehelpedtheman24thewarm,drylayersontohisbodyandofferedhimsomehotcocoa.25hestood.Sheofferedcontinuousencouragement—“Keepgoing!You’redoinggreat.”Justbefore6p.m.,theyarrivedatthetrailheadvery26.Herclimbuptothespotwhereshe27themanhadtakenaboutfourhours.Twohourshadpassedsincethen.Aweeklater,thepresidentofBales’rescuegroupreceivedaletterinthemail.Itread:“OnSundayOctober17,Iwentupmytrail,Jewell.28wastobebad.ButwithoutthinkingtoomuchIwasdressedtogoquickly.NextthingIknewthisladywastalkingtome,changingmyclothes,makingmewarmer.Shejustkept29me.Finally,IlearnedhernamewasPam.Theentiretimeshetreatedmewithcompassion(同情心),confidence,andonehundredpercentcommitment…”InthenineyearssinceshesavedJohn,Baleshasbecomesomethingofahikinglegend(传奇人物).It’sa(n)30sheneversoughtorwanted,butoneshecertainlyhasearned.11.A.long B.boring C.pleasant D.unforgettable12.A.clothes B.tools C.gloves D.footprints13.A.recording B.following C.covering D.leaving14.A.response B.expectation C.thought D.hope15.A.realized B.suggested C.admitted D.remembered16.A.success B.darkness C.freedom D.disaster17.A.information B.interest C.risk D.pain18.A.trouble B.control C.doubt D.touch19.A.knowing B.making C.judging D.breaking20.A.wind B.tracks C.sound D.hikers21.A.power B.life C.injury D.loss22.A.recover B.escape C.wake D.die23.A.cold B.starving C.sleepy D.concerned24.A.pick B.pull C.bring D.carry25.A.Unwillingly B.Nervously C.Immediately D.Slowly26.A.tired B.stressed C.upset D.scared27.A.treated B.observed C.located D.protected28.A.Chance B.Sight C.Health D.Weather29.A.praising B.encouraging C.excusing D.instructing30.A.title B.fortune C.opportunity D.option第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A､B､C､D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑｡AMostHelpfulAppsforStudentsThere’salmostanappforeverythingnowadays,andthiscanmakestudentlifeeasier,cheaper,saferandmorefun.Whetheryouwanthelpwithtakingnotes,revising,wakingupontimeorkeepingfit,readonforourstudentapppicks.LecturerecordingappsJustafewyearsago,studentsattendinglectureswouldhavetospendtheentiretimewritingwildlyonnotepads,inordernottomissanyvitalbitofinformation.Thenalongcametechnology,andnow,lecturerecordingappsareareality.SoundNoteisapopularlecturerecordingappforiPadusers.Youcanstoreanentirelectureinbothvisualandaudioform.OthergoodqualitylecturerecordingappsincludeNotesPlusandAudioMemosFree—TheVoiceRecorder.StudentplannerappsOrganizationiskeyforsuccessandwell⁃beingatuniversity,andstudentplannerappsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Aswellassavingonpaper,manystudentplannerappsalsosendremindersandwarningsstraighttoyourphoneordevice.PopularstudentplannerappsincludeTimetable,MyClassScheduleandClassTimetable.StudentsafetyappsAnumberofappsforstudentshavebeendevelopedpromotingpersonalsafetyifoutaloneatnight.TheCircleofSixappisparticularlyusefulforlocatinglostfriendsonnightsoutandalsoallowsuserstosendtheircircleofsixfriendsaninstantcallforhelpatthetouchofabutton.TheGPStrackerwillmarkyourlocationonyourfriends’devices,ensuringyou’llalwaysbeabletofindoneanotherifnecessary.OtherstudentappsthatpromotesafetyincludebSafeandReactMobile.HealthyeatingappsIfyou’reinterestedineatinghealthilywhilekeepingtoastudentbudget,considerdownloadingafewhealthyeatingapps.ExamplesI’vecomeacrosswhichareperfectappsforstudentsincludeRockinRamen,astudentappfeaturinganumberofnutritiousrecipeswithRamenasamainingredient,andMealBoard,anappwhichplanshealthymeals,groceryshopsandrecipesbasedonwhatyou’vegotinthefridge.31.Whichappssendreminderstousers? A.Studentplannerapps. B.Lecturerecordingapps. C.Studentsafetyapps. D.Healthyeatingapps.32.WhatcanwelearnabouttheCircleofSixapp?A.Itallowsuserstoseekhelpduringanemergency.B.Itencouragesuserstocommunicatewithfriends.C.Itenablesuserstostoreanentirelecture.D.Ithelpsuserstoleadahealthylife.33.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto .A.categorizeapps B.introduceapps C.evaluateapps D.compareappsBJeremyLocke,whoownsaroofingandconstructioncompanyinGlaceBay,NovaScotia,hadalwaysbeenwantingtorepairtheroofofJeanetteMacDonald’shome.Wheneverhedrovepastthewoman’shome,heassumedthattheroofwasunderrepairbecausethejobhadalreadybeentakenonbyanothergroupofrepairmen—butastheweeksworeon,theroofcontinuedtoworsenwithoutanysignsofrepair.“Ihaditinmymindthatifnoonestepsuptohelpthisladyinourcommunity,I’dbemorethanhappyto,”LocketoldCBC.WhenLockefinallyreachedouttoMacDonaldaboutfixingherroofforfree,however,shepolitelydeclinedhisofferbecauseshedidnotliketoacceptcharity.Thatbeingsaid,shehadalreadyappliedforagovernmentgrant(补助金)tofixtheroofandshesaidshewasmorethanhappytohireLockeoncehergrantapplicationwasapproved.Unfortunately,MacDonaldneverreceivedtheapproval.Asthestubborn(固执的)CanadianseniorrefusedtoacceptanyassistancefromLocke,thesympatheticconstructionworkerplayedaninnocenttrickinordertogethertoaccepthishelp.HeinvitedMacDonaldtoenteraraffle(抽奖活动)thathisbusinesswasholdingforafreeroof.Afterthegrandmother⁃of⁃fouracceptedoneoftheraffletickets,Locketoldherthatshewasthewinner—becauseshewastheonlyonewhohadenteredtheraffle.Thankstohissweetlittleplan,Lockeandhiscrewarestartingworkontheroofthisweek,whichisexpectedtocosthiscompanyabout$9,000.MacDonald,meanwhile,toldCBCthatshedoesn’tknowhowtoexpresshergratitudetoLocke,sayingthatheisher“guardianangel”.“There’snobodyouttherelikehim,”sheadded.34.WhatdidLockedesiretodoforMacDonald? A.Repairherroof. B.Findarepairman. C.Runacharity. D.Raisemoney.35.WhydidMacDonaldrefuseLocke’sofferinitially? A.Shedidn’ttrusthim. B.Shehadwonaraffle. C.Shedidn’tlikefreehelp. D.Shehadgotanofficialgrant.36.HowdidLockefinallymakeMacDonaldchangehermind?A.Hepersuadedhertogiveupherapplication.B.Heinvitedhertoenterhisbusiness.C.Hegaveherabout$9,000.D.Hetoldherawhitelie.37.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeLocke? A.Stubbornandtricky. B.Wealthyandinnocent. C.Determinedandwarm⁃hearted. D.Differentandambitious.CWhatisthemostmeaninglessthingeveryTexanwilldoatthesametimethisweekend?Youguessedit.Wewill“fallback”whenourclocksaresetbackwardonehourinobservanceofdaylightsavingtime.Thisstrangepracticehasaninterestinghistory.In1784,BenjaminFranklinpublishedacriticalessayinaFrenchnewspapersuggestingthatParisianscouldsave$200millionthrough“theeconomyofusingsunshineinsteadofcandles”.Therefore,manypeopleowetheoriginoftheideaofdaylightsavingtimetoourFoundingFather’swritings.IntheUnitedStates,theclockchangingpracticebeganjustover100yearsago,in1918,whenCongressdecidedtocontroltimebypassingtheStandardTimeActtosaveenergyandcreatetimezones.Backthen,coalwasourtopenergysourceandensuringthatAmericanshadmoredaylightworkinghoursmadesense.In2008,theU.S.DepartmentofEnergyassessedtheeffectofobservingdaylightsavingtimeonnationalenergyconsumption.Itfoundthatresettingourclocksamountstoareductioninourtotalenergyconsumptionof0.02%.Thestudyalsodeterminedthatstickingwithonetimecouldactuallysaveabout0.5%ofelectricityperdaynationwide.Apartfromthis,theriskofheartattackincreases10%inthedaysfollowingspringingforward,mostlikelycausedbytheinterruptionofbiologicalrhythms.Studiesalsoindicatewearemorelikelytogetsick,wearelessproductive,andfranklywearejustexhausteddirectlyfollowingthetimechange.Itishardtoexplainwhywestillchangeourclocks.Perhapsitisduetospecialinterests.CongresspassedtheEnergyActof2005,whichextendedthelengthofdaylightsavingtimeanextraweekinthefall,inlargepartduetoaneffortbycandyproducerstoallowforanadditionaldaylighthouronthenightofHalloweenfortrick⁃or⁃treating.ThisMay,wesoughttoendthisancientpractice.ItwouldhaveallowedTexanstovotewhethertostayonstandardtimeyear⁃roundordaylightsavingtimeyear⁃round.OurproposalpassedtheHouse(众议院)133⁃9.Sadly,oncethebillreachedtheSenate(参议院),itwasneverreferredtoacommittee.TheproposaldiedintheSenatewithoutevenawordspokenaboutitonthefloor.I’mmovingforwardwithplanstofilethelegislation(立法)againin2021.Iurgeyoutocontactyourstatelegislatorstomovethislegislationforwardsothatthisweekendwillbeoneofthelasttimeswehaveto“fallback.”38.Thepossibleoriginoftheideaofdaylightsavingtimeis . A.theancientlegalact B.theinfluenceofothercountries C.theneedfortimezones D.theadvicefromafamouspolitician39.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout? A.Thereasonsforhealthproblems. B.Thedownsidesofsettingclocksback. C.Thechangesinenergyconsumption. D.Thesolutionstoelectricityshortages.40.Itcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat .A.daylightsavingtimewilllastforanothertwoyearsB.theauthorwillcontinuewhathehasbeendoingC.Texansvotedforstandardtimeyear⁃roundD.statelegislatorsarefortheproposal41.Thepassageaimsto.A.analyzethepracticeofdaylightsavingtimeB.explaintheconsequencesofdaylightsavingtimeC.convincepeopleofthenecessityofdaylightsavingtimeD.persuadepeopletomakeeffortstostopdaylightsavingtimeDAccordingtoanewstudy,teensfocusonrewardsandhaveahardtimelearningtoavoidpunishmentorconsidertheconsequencesofalternativeactions.UniversityCollegeLondonresearcherscomparedhowteensandadultslearntomakechoicesbasedontheavailableinformation.Theytrackedthewayinwhich18volunteersaged12⁃17and20volunteersaged18⁃32completedtasksinwhichtheyhadtochoosebetweenabstractsymbols.Eachsymbolwasconsistentlyassociatedwithafixedchanceofareward,punishment,ornooutcome.Asthetrialprogressed,participantslearnedwhichsymbolswerelikelytoleadtoeachoutcomeandadjustedtheirchoicesaccordingly.Teensandadultswereequallygoodatlearningtochoosesymbolsassociatedwithreward,butteenswerelessgoodatavoidingsymbolsassociatedwithpunishment.Adultsalsoperformedsignificantlybetterwhentheyweretoldwhatwouldhavehappenediftheyhadchosentheothersymbolaftereachchoice,whileteensdidnotappeartotakethisinformationintoaccount.“Fromthisexperimentallabstudywecandrawconclusionsaboutlearningduringtheteenyears.Wefindthatteensandadultslearnindifferentways,somethingthatmightberelevanttoeducation,”saidleadauthorDr.StefanoPalminteri.“Unlikeadults,teensarenotsogoodatlearningtoadjusttheirchoicestoavoidpunishment.Thissuggeststhatincentivesystemsbasedonrewardratherthanpunishmentmaybemoreeffectiveforthisagegroup.Additionally,wefoundthatteensdidnotlearnfrombeingshownwhatwouldhavehappenediftheymadealternativechoices.”Tointerprettheresults,theresearchersdevelopedcomputationalmodelsoflearningandransimulations(模拟)applyingthemtotheresultsofthestudy.Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,andthesecondmodeladdedtothisbyalsolearningfromtheoptionthatwasnotchosen.Thethirdmodelwasthemostcompleteandtookthefullcontextintoaccount,withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.Forexample,obtainingnooutcomeratherthanlosingapointisweightedequallytogainingapointratherthanhavingnooutcome.Comparingtheexperimentaldatatothemodels,theteamfoundthatteens’behaviorfollowedthesimplereward⁃basedmodelwhileadults’behaviormatchedthecomplete,contextualmodel.“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue,”saidseniorauthorDr.Sarah⁃JayneBlakemore.“Asaresult,itmaybeusefulforparentsandteacherstoframethingsinmorepositiveterms.”42.Itcanbelearnedfromthestudythat.A.adultsmadechoicesfasterthanteensB.adultsunderstoodrewardsbetterthanteensC.teensreactedbettertorewardthanpunishmentD.teenswereawareoftheoutcomeofeachchoice43.Whatdoweknowaboutthethreecomputationalmodels?A.Theyreflectedpeople’sstrongdesireforpunishmentavoidance.B.Theygavecircumstancesdifferentdegreesofconsideration.C.Theypaidequalattentiontorewardandpunishment.D.Theyshapedthebehaviorofpeopleatdifferentages.44.Theunderlinedword“receptive”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans. A.accustomed B.opposed C.sympathetic D.responsive45.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsworksbestforteens?A.“Ifyouinsistondoingthingsinthisway,youwilllosetenpoints.”B.“Ifwehadtalkedaboutthisearlier,youwouldn’thavemadethemistake.”C.“Ifyouhandinyourassignmentaheadoftime,youwillgetanextrabonus.”D.“Ifyouwanttoapproachaproblemdifferently,youcantalktoyourparents.”第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项｡选项中有两项为多余选项｡PloggingPloggingisanewwaytojogwhilecleaninguptheplanet.It’sacrazethatbeganinSwedenin2016andthemotivationbehinditincludesreducingtheloadofplasticlitterinourenvironment,aswellaskeepingfitwhilerunning.46Ifyouloveoutdoorexercise,enjoyexercisingwithothers,andcareaboutremovinglitterfromourenvironment,thenthismightjustbethesportforyou.Makegoodpreparationsbeforeplogging.Dresssuitablyfortheenvironmentinwhichyouarerunning.Thiswillvarydependingontheweatherandsurroundings,butthebasicsarecomfortablerunningclothesandclosed⁃toerunningshoes.Suitableglovesareawiseandusefuladdition,aspickinguplittercanbedangerousinsomesituations.47Thismightbeastandardtrashbag,easytocarryandcapableofcontaininglitterthatmighthavesharpedges.Organizeyourplogginggroup.Ifyou’reluckyenoughtohaveploggersalreadyinyourarea,seekthemout.Joinupandmakenewfriendswithasharedinterest.CheckoutsuchmeetinggroupsatMeetuporaskatalocalsportsstoretofindoutwhatopportunitiesexistwhereyoulive.Ifyoudon’thaveagroup,createone.Usesocialmedia,noticesonbulletinboards,orplacesignsinthewindowsofsportsstorestofindfellowploggers.48Collectsafely.Onekeysuggestionforstayingsafewhilecollectinglitteristoavoidpickingupbrokenglassorsharpitems.Ifyoumustcollectsuchanitem,onlydosowhenyoucanfindaverysafewaytocollectitwithoutharmingyourself.Ifindoubt,leaveitandgetbetterequipmenttoremoveit.49Ifanitemoflitterpresentsapotentialsafetyrisk,trytomarktheitemclearlytoencouragepeopletoavoidit.50Itisawayofcombiningindividualachievementviaexercisewithcommunityandenvironmentalcare.You’repartofthegrowingmovementofpeoplewhoaregivingbacktotheworldatthesametimeashonoringselfcare,asustainableandhealthywaytobalanceyourlife.Thiscouldbeafantasticopportunitytoshowpeoplethatindividualactionmakesabigdifference.A.Takingsomephotosduringtheprocessisalsonecessary.B.Youcanalsoaskforassistancefromthelocalauthorities.C.Us