2024-2025学年广东省深圳高级中学（集团）八年级（下）期末英语试卷

第1页（共1页）2024-2025学年广东省深圳高级中学（集团）八年级（下）期末英语试卷Ⅰ.完形填空（10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共1小题，每小题10分）1．（10分）Peter：Mum，I'msoproudthatyouarea（1）.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass？Mum：Forty﹣five.Peter：Thenit'shardtohavemanyone﹣to﹣onetalkswitheachperson.Howdoyouknowwhat'sgoingonintheirmindsinclass？Mum：Myanswer？Ilookattheirbodylanguage.Peter：Theirbodylanguage？But（2）？Mum：It'seasytoseewhenstudentsshowinterestinalesson.Most（3）andmakeeyecontact.Theyleanforwardandlookatme.Peopleliketoleantowardswhatevertheyareinterestedin.WhenItellajoke，theylaugh.WhenItalkaboutsomething（4），theyareataloss.Ifastudentkeepslookingathiswatch，itshowsheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend.（5）twofriendsleantheirheadstogether，theyareprobablywritingnotestoeachother.Ofcourse，noteveryonewholooksupis（6）inclass.Somestudentslookupbutthereisnoeyecontact.Theireyesseldommove，andthey（7）wearthesameexpression.Itseemsthattheyareasleepwiththeireyesopen!Peter：FromtimetotimeIdaydreaminclass.Canyouteachersseeit？Mum：Sure!Withtheirchins（下巴）ontheirhands，daydreamerslookoutofthewindoworupattheceiling.Theyarecertainlyinterestedinsomething，（8）whoknowswhat？Whentheyareattractedbyotherthings，theyspendalltheirtimelookinganywherebutatme.ThenI（9）themtopayattentioninclass.Asateacher，my（10）ishelpingeverystudenttolearn.Theirbodylanguagehelpsmeknowwhentoadjust（调整）classactivities，andwhentotalktostudentsseparately，sotheycanallgetthemostoutofschool.Peter：Mum，youaresogreat!（1）A.policewomanB.driverC.doctorD.teacher（2）A.whereB.whenC.howD.why（3）A.lookdownB.lookupC.lookbackD.lookthrough（4）A.difficultB.easyC.importantD.funny（5）A.SinceB.AlthoughC.BecauseD.If（6）A.keepingintouchB.payingattentionC.takingamessageD.gettingalong（7）A.alwaysB.sometimesC.seldomD.never（8）A.andB.butC.soD.or（9）A.encourageB.allowC.wishD.remind（10）A.talentB.spiritC.dutyD.planⅡ.阅读理解（35分）第一节阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应字母编号涂黑。（共3小题，每小题1.5分）2．（7.5分）Atseventeenminutespastfourintheafternoon，whilethepassengerswereinthemainhalltakingtheirlunch，aslightblowwasfeltontheScotia（斯科舍号船），onthequarteralittlebehindtheportwheel.TheScotiahadnotrunintosomething：somethinghadrunintoit，andacuttingorsharpobjectratherthanabluntone.Theblowseemedsoslightthatnobodyonboardwouldhaveworriedbutfortheshoutofthehold—workerswhorushedupontothedeck（甲板）."We'resinking!We'resinking!"Atfirstthepassengerswerequiteafraid﹣butCaptainAndersonquicklyreassured（宽慰）them.Infact，thedangercouldnotcomeatonce.TheScotia，dividedintosevenparts，wassuretoresistanyleakwithimpunity.CaptainAndersonheadedatonceforthehold.Henoticedthatthefifthparthadflooded，andthespeedofthefloodingprovedthattheholewasaquitebigone.Veryluckily，theboilerswerenotinthiscompartment，forthefireswouldhavegoneoutatonce.CaptainAndersonhadtheenginesstoppedatonce，whileoneofthesailorsdivedtoassessthedamage.Shortlyafterwards，theexistenceofatwo﹣metreholeinthehullwasconfirmed.SuchdamagecouldnotberepairedandtheScotia，itswheelshalfunderwater，hadtocontinueitsjourneyinthesamestate.Itwas300milesfromCapeClear，andwasthreedayslatewhenitsailedintothecompanydocks，havinggreatlyworriedLiverpool.Theengineersthencarriedoutaninspection（检查）oftheScotia，whichwasindrydock.Theycouldn'tbelievetheireyes.Twoandahalfmetersbelowthewater﹣lineappearedaneatholeintheformofanisoscelestriangle（等腰三角形）.Thebreakintheboardwasperfectlyclean，andcouldnothavebeencutwithgreaterprecision.—TakenfromTwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSea（1）Wheredidthestorytakeplace？A.Intheocean.B.Inahouse.C.Inthelake.D.Inagarden.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"blunt"meaninParagraph2？A.sharpandpointedB.dullandnotsharpC.heavyandlargeD.lightandsmall（3）WhywastheScotiathreedayslatewhenitreachedthecompanydocks？A.Becausethecrewstoppedtorepairthehole.B.Becausethepassengersrefusedtocontinuethejourney.C.Becausetheshiphadtoslowdownduetothedamage.D.Becausetheweatherwastoobadtosail.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderaccordingtothestory？a.TheCaptainstoppedtheengines.b.Theboatcrushedintosomethingsharp.c.TheengineerscheckedtheScotiafordamage.d.PeoplerealizedthattheScotiawassinking.A.a﹣b﹣d﹣cB.b﹣d﹣c﹣aC.b﹣d﹣a﹣cD.d﹣a﹣b﹣c（5）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A.Thestorytookplaceinthemorning.B.CaptainAndersonwasveryworriedinthestory.C.Thedamagewasnotveryserious.D.Atfirst，mostpeoplewerenotawareofthedamage.3．（7.5分）Thestoryofdomestication（驯化）Longago，dogs，sheepandcowsusedtobewildanimals.Howdidtheyturnintopetsandfarmanimals？Let'sfindout!DogsThestoryofdomesticationstartedsomewhereinAsia，about15，000to23，000yearsago.Backthen，peoplemovedacrosstheland.Theyhuntedlargeanimalsandoftenleftmeatontheground.Thisattractedwolves，andtheyprobablybeganfollowingthehunters.Somepeoplestartedcatchingbabywolves.Theytrainedtheseyoungwolvestohuntwiththem.Witheverygeneration，peoplekeptwolveswith"friendly"genes（基因）.Overthousandsofyears，thesepetwolvesturnedintodogs.SheepAround13，000yearsago，peopleinWestAsiabegantodomesticateanimalslikesheep.Sheeparesmallandnotverydangerous，andtheymoveinbiggroupsandfollowtheirleader.Thismakesthemeasytodomesticate.Theybecameanimportantsourceofmeat.Later，thefarmersalsolearnthowtomakeclothesfromtheirwool.CowsPeopleinWestAsiastartedtodomesticateaurochs—akindofwildox﹣sometimeafter8000BCE.Aurochsarenowextinct，buttheyusedtolivealloverEuropeandAsia.Theyprovidedpeoplewithmilkandmeat，andtheywerealsogoodworkinganimals.Aswithotheranimals，peoplechosetokeepaurochswith"good"genes，andtheanimalsslowlyturnedintothecowsweseetoday.Overmanythousandsofyears，petsandfarmanimalschangedbecauseofhumanefforts.Thestoryofdomesticationstillcontinuestoday.（1）Whatwasthemainreasonwolvesbeganfollowinghumanhunters？A.Theywantedtoattackthehumans.B.Theywereattractedbyleftovermeat.C.Theyneededprotectionfromotheranimals.D.Theyenjoyedhumancompany.（2）Whyweresheepeasytodomesticate？A.Becausetheyprovidedmilkandmeat.B.Becausetheywerelargeandgoodforcarryingheavyloads.C.Becausetheypreferredtolivealone，makingthemeasiertocontrol.D.Becausetheylivedingroupsandfollowedaleader，posinglittlethreattohumans.（3）Inparagraph4，"aurochs"referstoananimal.Whatweretheymostlikely？A.Anextincttypeofwildcattle.B.Amoderntypeofcow.C.Awolf﹣likeanimal.D.Anancienttypeofsheep.（4）Whatcanbeinferredabouttheprocessofanimaldomestication？A.Ithappenedquicklywithinafewgenerations.B.Humansselectedanimalswithdesirablequalitiesonpurpose.C.Onlyherbivores（食草动物）weresuitablefordomestication.D.Domesticationwasequallysuccessfulforallanimalspecies.（5）Whereisthistextmostlikelytakenfrom？A.Afictionalshortstory.B.Apettraininghandbook.C.Aneducationalmagazine.D.Atravelguidebook.4．（7.5分）HundredsofforeignplantsandanimalsaresecretlyenteringChinainsidedeliveryboxesandhidingincityparks.About660suchspeciesnowcausealossof200billionyuaneveryyear.ShenzhenCustomsisfightingbackwithspecialmachinesafterfinding17.5%moreinvaders（入侵者）inearly2025thantheyearbefore.These"eco﹣invaders"pushoutlocalanimalsandplantswhileharmingfarmsandforests.Onewaterplantgrowssofastthatitcancoverawholelakeinjustsixdays，makingfishdiefromlackofair.Equallydangerousarefireants，whichhavespreadto12provincesin20years.Theseinsectsnotonlyhurtpeoplewithpainfulstings（蜇刺）butalsoruincropsacrosswideareas.Theinvaderssneakin（潜行）throughcleverhidingways.Woodbroughtfromothercountriesoftencarriestinywormsthatkillpinetreeswithin40days.Otherspecies，likeapplesnailsthathavethousandsofbabiesyearly，werefirstbroughttoChinaforpeople'susebutlaterescapedintothewild.Customsofficersrecentlydiscoverednewhidingtricks，suchaslargeantscarriedinsidetoyboxesandshoesduringborderchecks.Tostoptheseinvaders，customsnowusessmartmachinescalled"AIX﹣rayscanners"thatcanseeinsidepackages.Thesescanners，whichautomaticallyspotunusualshapes，helpofficersfind25%morehiddenspeciesthanbefore.Atthesametime，scientistsareusingspecialinsectsthateatharmfulforeignweeds，creatingnature'sownarmyagainstinvaders.Whilecustomsofficersworkhard，ordinarypeoplemustalsojointhefight.Citizensshouldneversetfreeforeignpetslikered﹣earedturtlesinnature，avoidbuyingstrangeanimalsorplantsonline，andimmediatelyreportanyunknownfast﹣spreadingspecies."Everyharmfulcreaturewecatchsavesourenvironment，"saidaShenzhenCustomsofficerafterfindingdangerousspeciesininternationalmail.Asinvaderskeepfindingnewwaystoenter，combining（结合）smarttechnologywithpublicawarenessremainsChina'sstrongestshield（防护物）inthisunseenwarforourenvironment.（1）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？A.Todescribedifferenttypesofforeignpets.B.TodiscussthehistoryoffireantsinChina.C.ToexplainhowShenzhenCustomsusestechnology.D.Towarnaboutharmfulforeignspeciesandprotectionmethods.（2）Whatdoesthephrase"pushout"inParagraph2mostlikelymeans？A.endangerB.protectC.observeD.warn（3）HowdosomeforeignspeciesenterChina？A.Byflyingfreelyacrossnationalborders.B.Throughonlineshoppingmadebyscientificresearchers.C.Throughbeingimportedbeforeescapingintonature.D.Aspassengersonairplanesinspectedbycustomsofficers.（4）Whatresultdidthe"AIX﹣rayscanners"achieve？A.Theyhelpofficersdetect25%morehiddenspecies.B.Theytrainedinsectstoeatharmfulforeignweeds.C.Theyreducedborderchecksbyabout25%.D.Theydiscovered660entirelynewspecies.（5）Whydoesthecustomsofficerstate"Everyharmfulcreaturewecatchsavesourenvironment？A.Becausecapturedanimalsaresoldtozoostosupportenvironmentalprojects.B.Toemphasizethatpreventingbiologicalinvasionsprotectsecologicalbalance.C.Toencouragecitizenstokeepforeignpetsinsteadofbuyinglocalanimals.D.Toshowthattechnologycannotworkwithoutinternationalcooperation.第二节以下是一篇短文。请阅读全文并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。（10分）5．（10分）A.Forinstance，rooftopsolarpanelsandwind﹣poweredstreetlightswillbecomestandardincommunities.B.Roadsthemselveswillbecomeintelligentpartnersofdrivers.C.However，traditionalschoolswon'tdisappearcompletely.D.Classroomswillnolongerbelimitedbyphysical（实物的）spaces.E.Weathercontrolsystemscouldpreventnaturaldisasters.F.Expertsbelievetheseinnovationswillcutglobalenergywastebyhalfby2045.Lifein2050：AGlimpseintoTomorrowSmartTransportationGettingaroundwillbesaferandgreener.Self﹣drivingcarspoweredbysolarenergywilldominate（占主流）theroads.（1）Forexample，trafficlightswillcommunicatedirectlywithvehiclestopreventaccidents.Publictransportlikeflyingtaxismaybecomecommoninbigcities，reducingtrafficjamseffectively.EducationRevolution（2）Studentsworldwidewillattendvirtualclassesusing3Dhologram（全息）technology.AIteacherswillprovidepersonalizedlearningplansbasedoneachstudent'sprogress.（3）Paperbooksmightstillbeusedforspeciallearningpurposes.Face﹣to﹣facecommunicationremainsimportantfordevelopingsocialskills.GreenLivingEnvironmentalprotectionwillbeattheheartoffuturelife.Smarthomesequippedwithenergy﹣savingAIsystemswillautomaticallyadjustlightingandtemperature.Renewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindwillpowerentirecities.（4）Additionally，verticalfarmsinskyscraperswillproducefreshvegetablesforurbanareas.Surprisingly，peoplemayeatlab﹣grownmeattoprotectnaturalresources.（5）第三节信息匹配（每小题1.5分）6．（7.5分）下面A﹣F分别是六个和动物相关成语，请你根据下面五个同学的故事，请为他们选择一个合适的成语描述其基本情况。A.Aslowbirdmuststartflyingearly.B.Thefoxborrowsthetiger'spower.C.Likeafishinwater.D.Onearrow，twoeagles.E.Drawlegsonasnake.F.Afrogatthebottomofawell.（1）Lilyjoinedthedanceclub.Shekneweverymoveandfeltcompletelyrelaxedandhappy.Itwasherfavoriteplacetobe.（2）Tom'ssimpledrawingofaflowerlookedgreat.Butwhenheaddedtoomanycolors，itbecamemessyandlessbeautiful.（3）Bychoosingtocycletoschooldaily，Annagotexerciseeverydayandalsosavedmoneyonthebusfare.Itwasveryefficient.（4）Bengrewupinasmallvillage.Whenhefirstvisitedthecity，hewasamazedbyitssizeandmodernwonders.（5）MathwaschallengingforJack.Tounderstandbetter，healwaysstudiedthelessonbeforeclassstarted，whichhelpedhimkeepup.Ⅲ.语法填空（共10分）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。7．（10分）Embroidery（刺绣）iscreatedbyanyofthecultureslocatedintheareathatmakesupmodernChina.Chineseembroideryisanartthatdatesall（1）waybacktotheHandynastybetween206BCand220AD.It（2）（know）assilkembroidery，too.Chinawasthefirstcountry（3）（sew）silk.In（4）（it）oldestform，Xianqiantechniqueinvolvedweavingthesilkthreadontothesilkfabric（绸缎）.In1958，apieceofsilkembroideredwithadragonandphoenixwasdiscoveredinaChinesetombfromtheWarringStatesPeriod（475﹣221BC），whichshowcasedexceptionalcraftsmanship.Atover2，000yearsold，itrepresentsoneof（5）（early）recordedexamplesofChineseembroidery.Morethan2，000yearsold，itisthepieceofChineseembroideryeverunearthed.IntheTangandSongdynasties，embroiderywas（6）（wide）used，growingmoreexquisiteintechniqueandricherincolor.Itplayedakeyroleinthe（7）（create）ofpaintings，calligraphy，anddecorativeart.IntheMingandQingdynasties，bothpalaceandfolkembroideryexperiencedsignificantdevelopment，（8）（give）risetothe"FiveGreatEmbroideries".Nowadays，embroideredpattershavebeenusedondailyitems（9）quiltcovers，pillowcases，andshoeuppers.Throughouthistory，withthedevelopmentofhumancivilization，thisunconsciousthread（10）（develop）graduallyintotheembroiderythatpeopleneed.Ⅳ.书面表达（15分）8．（15分）为了增强同学们对野生动物的保护意识，你校英文报正在举办主题为"SavingOurAnimalFriends"的征文活动。请你作为学校"生物探秘"兴趣小组的一员，介绍一种你们小组关注的濒危动物：（1）简要描述该动物（如：外形特征、生活习性、栖息地等）；（2）说明其濒危的主要原因及现状；（3）提出至少两条保护该动物的具体措施。要求：（1）表达完整，减少语误；书写规范，卷面整洁；（2）可适当增加细节，以使语句通顺、条理清楚、意义连贯；（3）词数不少于80：开头已给出，不计入总词数。SavingOurAnimalFriendsInourBiologyExplorersClub，wearedeeplyconcernedabouttheendangeredanimalsaroundtheworld.Oneanimalthatparticularlyworriesusis______.

2024-2025学年广东省深圳高级中学（集团）八年级（下）期末英语试卷参考答案与试题解析Ⅰ.完形填空（10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共1小题，每小题10分）1．（10分）Peter：Mum，I'msoproudthatyouarea（1）D.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass？Mum：Forty﹣five.Peter：Thenit'shardtohavemanyone﹣to﹣onetalkswitheachperson.Howdoyouknowwhat'sgoingonintheirmindsinclass？Mum：Myanswer？Ilookattheirbodylanguage.Peter：Theirbodylanguage？But（2）C？Mum：It'seasytoseewhenstudentsshowinterestinalesson.Most（3）Bandmakeeyecontact.Theyleanforwardandlookatme.Peopleliketoleantowardswhatevertheyareinterestedin.WhenItellajoke，theylaugh.WhenItalkaboutsomething（4）A，theyareataloss.Ifastudentkeepslookingathiswatch，itshowsheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend.（5）Dtwofriendsleantheirheadstogether，theyareprobablywritingnotestoeachother.Ofcourse，noteveryonewholooksupis（6）Binclass.Somestudentslookupbutthereisnoeyecontact.Theireyesseldommove，andthey（7）Awearthesameexpression.Itseemsthattheyareasleepwiththeireyesopen!Peter：FromtimetotimeIdaydreaminclass.Canyouteachersseeit？Mum：Sure!Withtheirchins（下巴）ontheirhands，daydreamerslookoutofthewindoworupattheceiling.Theyarecertainlyinterestedinsomething，（8）Bwhoknowswhat？Whentheyareattractedbyotherthings，theyspendalltheirtimelookinganywherebutatme.ThenI（9）Dthemtopayattentioninclass.Asateacher，my（10）Cishelpingeverystudenttolearn.Theirbodylanguagehelpsmeknowwhentoadjust（调整）classactivities，andwhentotalktostudentsseparately，sotheycanallgetthemostoutofschool.Peter：Mum，youaresogreat!（1）A.policewomanB.driverC.doctorD.teacher（2）A.whereB.whenC.howD.why（3）A.lookdownB.lookupC.lookbackD.lookthrough（4）A.difficultB.easyC.importantD.funny（5）A.SinceB.AlthoughC.BecauseD.If（6）A.keepingintouchB.payingattentionC.takingamessageD.gettingalong（7）A.alwaysB.sometimesC.seldomD.never（8）A.andB.butC.soD.or（9）A.encourageB.allowC.wishD.remind（10）A.talentB.spiritC.dutyD.plan【解答】（1）考查名词。句意：妈妈，我很骄傲你是一位老师。A.警察；B.司机；C.医生；D.老师。根据Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass？（你的班里有多少学生？）可知，Peter的妈妈是老师。故选D。（2）考查副词。句意：但怎样做呢？A.哪里；B.何时；C.怎样；D.为什么。根据Howdoyouknowwhat'sgoingonintheirmindsinclass？（怎么知道他们在课堂上想什么？）以及Ilookattheirbodylanguage.（我观察他们的肢体语言。）可知，Peter是问妈妈怎样通过肢体语言了解学生在想什么。故选C。（3）考查动词短语。句意：大多数仰视并进行眼神交流。A.低头看；B.抬头看；C.回头；D.浏览。根据makeeyecontact（眼神交流）以及常识可知，学生坐着，抬头才能和老师进行眼神交流。故选B。（4）考查形容词。句意：当我讲到困难的内容，他们会不知所措。A.困难的；B.容易的；C.重要的；D.有趣的。根据theyareataloss（他们会不知所措）可知，讲到困难的内容学生们会不知所措。故选A。（5）考查连词。句意：如果两个朋友把头靠在一起，他们可能正在互相写纸条。A.自从；B.虽然；C.因为；D.如果。根据theyareprobablywritingnotestoeachother（他们可能正在互相写纸条）可知，前面应说明在什么条件下做出这样的判断，用If引导条件状语从句。故选D。（6）考查动词短语。句意：当然，并不是每个抬头看的人都专注于课堂。A.保持联系；B.专注；C.捎口信；D.相处。根据Itseemsthattheyareasleepwiththeireyesopen!（他们好像睁着眼睛睡着了！）可知，并不是抬头看的学生都专注于课堂。故选B。（7）考查副词。句意：他们的眼睛很少动，表情总是一样。A.总是；B.有时；C.很少；D.从不。根据Theireyesseldommove（他们的眼睛很少动）可知，他们的表情也很少变化，总是一样的表情。故选A。（8）考查连词。句意：他们肯定对某事感兴趣，但谁知道是什么呢？A.和；B.但是；C.所以；D.或者。根据whoknowwhat？（谁知道是什么呢？）可知，虽然知道他们有感兴趣的东西，但是不知道是什么，前后是转折关系。故选B。（9）考查动词。句意：然后我提醒他们在课堂上要专注。A.鼓励；B.允许；C.希望；D.提醒。根据...themtopayattentioninclass（他们在课堂上要专注）可知，提醒学生们在课堂上专注。故选D。（10）考查名词。句意：作为老师，我的职责是帮助每个学生学习。A.天赋；B.精神；C.职责；D.计划。根据helpingeverystudenttolearn（帮助每个学生学习）可知，这是老师的职责。故选C。Ⅱ.阅读理解（35分）第一节阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应字母编号涂黑。（共3小题，每小题1.5分）2．（7.5分）Atseventeenminutespastfourintheafternoon，whilethepassengerswereinthemainhalltakingtheirlunch，aslightblowwasfeltontheScotia（斯科舍号船），onthequarteralittlebehindtheportwheel.TheScotiahadnotrunintosomething：somethinghadrunintoit，andacuttingorsharpobjectratherthanabluntone.Theblowseemedsoslightthatnobodyonboardwouldhaveworriedbutfortheshoutofthehold—workerswhorushedupontothedeck（甲板）."We'resinking!We'resinking!"Atfirstthepassengerswerequiteafraid﹣butCaptainAndersonquicklyreassured（宽慰）them.Infact，thedangercouldnotcomeatonce.TheScotia，dividedintosevenparts，wassuretoresistanyleakwithimpunity.CaptainAndersonheadedatonceforthehold.Henoticedthatthefifthparthadflooded，andthespeedofthefloodingprovedthattheholewasaquitebigone.Veryluckily，theboilerswerenotinthiscompartment，forthefireswouldhavegoneoutatonce.CaptainAndersonhadtheenginesstoppedatonce，whileoneofthesailorsdivedtoassessthedamage.Shortlyafterwards，theexistenceofatwo﹣metreholeinthehullwasconfirmed.SuchdamagecouldnotberepairedandtheScotia，itswheelshalfunderwater，hadtocontinueitsjourneyinthesamestate.Itwas300milesfromCapeClear，andwasthreedayslatewhenitsailedintothecompanydocks，havinggreatlyworriedLiverpool.Theengineersthencarriedoutaninspection（检查）oftheScotia，whichwasindrydock.Theycouldn'tbelievetheireyes.Twoandahalfmetersbelowthewater﹣lineappearedaneatholeintheformofanisoscelestriangle（等腰三角形）.Thebreakintheboardwasperfectlyclean，andcouldnothavebeencutwithgreaterprecision.—TakenfromTwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSea（1）Wheredidthestorytakeplace？AA.Intheocean.B.Inahouse.C.Inthelake.D.Inagarden.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"blunt"meaninParagraph2？BA.sharpandpointedB.dullandnotsharpC.heavyandlargeD.lightandsmall（3）WhywastheScotiathreedayslatewhenitreachedthecompanydocks？CA.Becausethecrewstoppedtorepairthehole.B.Becausethepassengersrefusedtocontinuethejourney.C.Becausetheshiphadtoslowdownduetothedamage.D.Becausetheweatherwastoobadtosail.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderaccordingtothestory？Ca.TheCaptainstoppedtheengines.b.Theboatcrushedintosomethingsharp.c.TheengineerscheckedtheScotiafordamage.d.PeoplerealizedthattheScotiawassinking.A.a﹣b﹣d﹣cB.b﹣d﹣c﹣aC.b﹣d﹣a﹣cD.d﹣a﹣b﹣c（5）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？DA.Thestorytookplaceinthemorning.B.CaptainAndersonwasveryworriedinthestory.C.Thedamagewasnotveryserious.D.Atfirst，mostpeoplewerenotawareofthedamage.【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第三段"We'resinking!We'resinking!"（"轮船要沉了！轮船要沉了！"）可推知，故事发生在海洋中。故选A。（2）词义猜测题。根据第二段andacuttingorsharpobjectratherthanabluntone.（是一个锋利尖锐的物体，绝非）可知，是指钝器，即不尖锐的物体。所以划线单词"blunt"意为"钝的、不锋利的"。故选B。（3）细节理解题。根据第六段SuchdamagecouldnotberepairedandtheScotia，itswheelshalfunderwater，hadtocontinueitsjourneyinthesamestate.Itwas300milesfromCapeClear，andwasthreedayslatewhenitsailedintothecompanydocks，havinggreatlyworriedLiverpool.（如此损伤已无法修复，"斯科舍号"只得带着半淹的桨轮继续航行。当它最终迟抵公司码头时，已比预定时间晚了三天，令利物浦方面忧心忡忡。）可知，由于船体受损，船只不得不减速航行，所以"斯科舍号"到达公司码头时迟到了三天。故选C。（4）细节理解题。根据第一段aslightblowwasfeltontheScotia（斯科舍号船），onthequarteralittlebehindtheportwheel.（"斯科舍号"左舷轮后方突然传来一阵轻微的撞击感。）和第三段"We'resinking!We'resinking!"（"轮船要沉了！轮船要沉了！"）和第六段CaptainAndersonhadtheenginesstoppedatonce，whileoneofthesailorsdivedtoassessthedamage.（安德森船长当即下令停机，同时潜水员去查勘。）以及第七段Theengineersthencarriedoutaninspection（检查）oftheScotia，whichwasindrydock.（随后，工程师们在干船坞中对"斯科舍号"进行了全面检修。）可知，先是船撞上了尖锐物体，然后人们发现船在进水，之后船长停止引擎，最后工程师检查船体损伤。故选C。（5）细节理解题。根据第二段Theblowseemedsoslightthatnobodyonboardwouldhaveworriedbutfortheshoutofthehold（撞击本微不足道，要不是船舱里的喊声，根本没有人会在意。）可知，起初，大多数人并未意识到船体受损。故选D。3．（7.5分）Thestoryofdomestication（驯化）Longago，dogs，sheepandcowsusedtobewildanimals.Howdidtheyturnintopetsandfarmanimals？Let'sfindout!DogsThestoryofdomesticationstartedsomewhereinAsia，about15，000to23，000yearsago.Backthen，peoplemovedacrosstheland.Theyhuntedlargeanimalsandoftenleftmeatontheground.Thisattractedwolves，andtheyprobablybeganfollowingthehunters.Somepeoplestartedcatchingbabywolves.Theytrainedtheseyoungwolvestohuntwiththem.Witheverygeneration，peoplekeptwolveswith"friendly"genes（基因）.Overthousandsofyears，thesepetwolvesturnedintodogs.SheepAround13，000yearsago，peopleinWestAsiabegantodomesticateanimalslikesheep.Sheeparesmallandnotverydangerous，andtheymoveinbiggroupsandfollowtheirleader.Thismakesthemeasytodomesticate.Theybecameanimportantsourceofmeat.Later，thefarmersalsolearnthowtomakeclothesfromtheirwool.CowsPeopleinWestAsiastartedtodomesticateaurochs—akindofwildox﹣sometimeafter8000BCE.Aurochsarenowextinct，buttheyusedtolivealloverEuropeandAsia.Theyprovidedpeoplewithmilkandmeat，andtheywerealsogoodworkinganimals.Aswithotheranimals，peoplechosetokeepaurochswith"good"genes，andtheanimalsslowlyturnedintothecowsweseetoday.Overmanythousandsofyears，petsandfarmanimalschangedbecauseofhumanefforts.Thestoryofdomesticationstillcontinuestoday.（1）Whatwasthemainreasonwolvesbeganfollowinghumanhunters？BA.Theywantedtoattackthehumans.B.Theywereattractedbyleftovermeat.C.Theyneededprotectionfromotheranimals.D.Theyenjoyedhumancompany.（2）Whyweresheepeasytodomesticate？DA.Becausetheyprovidedmilkandmeat.B.Becausetheywerelargeandgoodforcarryingheavyloads.C.Becausetheypreferredtolivealone，makingthemeasiertocontrol.D.Becausetheylivedingroupsandfollowedaleader，posinglittlethreattohumans.（3）Inparagraph4，"aurochs"referstoananimal.Whatweretheymostlikely？AA.Anextincttypeofwildcattle.B.Amoderntypeofcow.C.Awolf﹣likeanimal.D.Anancienttypeofsheep.（4）Whatcanbeinferredabouttheprocessofanimaldomestication？BA.Ithappenedquicklywithinafewgenerations.B.Humansselectedanimalswithdesirablequalitiesonpurpose.C.Onlyherbivores（食草动物）weresuitablefordomestication.D.Domesticationwasequallysuccessfulforallanimalspecies.（5）Whereisthistextmostlikelytakenfrom？CA.Afictionalshortstory.B.Apettraininghandbook.C.Aneducationalmagazine.D.Atravelguidebook.【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Backthen，peoplemovedacrosstheland.Theyhuntedlargeanimalsandoftenleftmeatontheground.Thisattractedwolves，andtheyprobablybeganfollowingthehunters.（那时，人们在陆地上迁徙。他们猎杀大型动物，经常把肉留在地上。这吸引了狼群，它们可能开始追随猎人。）可知，狼开始追随人类猎人的主要原因是被地上剩下的肉吸引。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Sheeparesmallandnotverydangerous，andtheymoveinbiggroupsandfollowtheirleader.Thismakesthemeasytodomesticate.（绵羊很小，不太危险，它们成群结队地移动，跟随它们的领导者。这使得它们很容易被驯化。）可知，绵羊很容易驯养是因为它们生活在群体中，跟随一个领导者，对人类几乎没有威胁。故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据第三段CowsPeopleinWestAsiastartedtodomesticateaurochs—akindofwildox﹣sometimeafter8000BCE.Aurochsarenowextinct，buttheyusedtolivealloverEuropeandAsia.（公元前8000年后，西亚人开始驯养Aurochs—一种野牛。Aurochs现在已经灭绝，但它们曾经生活在欧洲和亚洲各地。）可知，Aurochs是一种已经灭绝的野牛。故选A。（4）推理判断题。根据第二段Witheverygeneration，peoplekeptwolveswith"friendly"genes（基因）.Overthousandsofyears，thesepetwolvesturnedintodogs.（每一代人都饲养带有"友好"基因的狼。数千年来，这些宠物狼变成了狗。）和第四段Aswithotheranimals，peoplechosetokeepaurochswith"good"genes，andtheanimalsslowlyturnedintothecowsweseetoday.（与其他动物一样，人们选择饲养具有"良好"基因的野牛，这些动物慢慢变成了我们今天看到的奶牛。）可知，从动物驯化的过程我们可以推断出，人类特意选择具有理想品质的动物。故选B。（5）推理判断题。根据第一段Longago，dogs，sheepandcowsusedtobewildanimals.Howdidtheyturnintopetsandfarmanimals？Let'sfindout!（很久以前，狗、绵羊和奶牛都是野生动物。它们是如何变成宠物和农场动物的？让我们来看看！）结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了狗、羊和牛是如何从野生动物被驯化为宠物和家畜的，这属于科普内容，故推测这篇文章最有可能来自一本教育杂志。故选C。4．（7.5分）Hundreds