高考英语二轮教师用书第1部分专题2技法3依据全文或段落的“主题”线索

技法3|依据全文或段落的“主题”线索文章通常会围绕一个中心主题展开论述说明，这个主题一般位于文章的首段或末段，仔细阅读文章的首段和末段，就能快速抓住文章的主题，明白本文将探讨哪方面的内容，有利于我们归纳概括文章的标题或主题。1．概括“论据”和“结论”，得出“论点”[考题回放](2017·云南省11校跨区调研考试)19Toooftenwedeterminehowwefeelaboutourselvesaccordingtowhatotherpeoplefeelaboutus.Ourself­worthisjustdependentuponwhatwethinkofourselves.Sowemustbreakfreeofthechainsthattellusourself­worthisrecognizedbyotherpeople.B．FreeyourselfC．Giveyourselftimetothink[思路分析]空格后的两个句子为论据，本段的最后一个句子为结论，根据结论“Sowemustbreakfreeofthechainsthattellusourself­worthisrecognizedbyotherpeople.”可推知，应该“解脱自己”，故选B项。[易错提醒]由于本段的第二句有thinkof，而C项中有动词think，有些同学会因此误选C项。需注意，C项think表示的是“思考”，而文中的whatwethinkofourselves表示“我们如何看待自己”。2．根据“论据”推导出“论点”[考题回放](2015·全国卷Ⅰ)38Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutewouldbeforyourwell­being.A．Learntoreallytrustyourself.[思路分析]空格位于句首，根据文章结构分析应是“论点”，根据空格后的句子“相信自己会……”可判定选A项，意为“学会真正信任你自己”。3．根据“相似度”原则确定主题文章中出现的主题句与七个选项中的某个选项在词汇和句式结构上会有一定的相似度，据此可快速找出正确选项。[考题回放](2017·湖南省六校联盟联考)◎PlanyourtimecarefullyMakealistofyourweeklytasks.Thisweeklyschedulemaynotsolveallofyourproblems,butitwillmakeyoumoreawareofhowyouspendyourtime.37.Furthermore,itwillenableyoutoplanyouractivitiessothatyouhaveadequatetimeforbothworkandplay.◎38Itmaybeadeskorachairathomeorintheschoollibrary,butitshouldbefortable,anditshouldnothavedistractions.◎MakegooduseofyourtimeinclassListeningtowhattheteachersaysinclassmeanslessworklater.Sitwhereyoucanseeandhearwell.Takenotestohelpyourememberwhattheteachersays.A．SharewiththemwhatyouhavefoundtobehelpfulB．SkimbeforeyoureadC．FindagoodplacetostudyD．This,however,isnotnecessarilythecaseE．ReadaboutthesepointsinyourtextbookF．Furthermore,itwillenableyoutoplanyouractivitiessothatyouhaveadequatetimeforbothworkandplay.G．Agoodreviewleadstoimprovedperformanceonthetest[思路分析]根据“相似度”原则可判定空格处应填祈使句，那么就锁定了范围A、B、C和E。由空格后的句子“Itmaybeadeskorachairathomeorintheschoollibrary,butitshouldbefortable,anditshouldnothavedistractions.”可知，该段主要介绍“找一个适合学习的好地方”，故选C项。4．根据文中反复出现的“关键词”确定主题[考题回放](2016·全国卷Ⅱchildhood.Grandmatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbadimportant.19.Itwhat'simportant.19.It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters—howbeinginthosegardensfeel.Ifsfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden，startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.20．Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown­garden.Havegarden.Havefun.G．Foreachofthosegardens，writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave[思路分析]由garden的反复出现可判定花园与主题有关。空格前说“花一些时间回忆你小时候的花园”，空格后说“然后走出去，制订计划，把你孩提时代的记忆变成你成年后的花园”。根据此语境可知答案为G项“为每一个那样的花园写下你最深刻的回忆”。(对应学生用书第31页)A(2017·安徽省百所重点高中第二次模拟)Allofusknowthatabalanceddietstrengthenstheimmunesystem.1.Thefollowingstrategies1willhelpyoutojumpstarthealthyeatinghabits.Morningmust­havesResearchersatHarvardMedicalSchooldiscoveredthatpeoplewhotookdailybreakfastwereathirdlesslikelytobeeobese(肥胖的)thanthosewhoskippedthismeal.Toenjoythemostbenefits,theresearchersremendedeatingwhole­grainfoodsforbreakfastastheyarerichinfiber2.2．MainmealwisdomIfyouneedtoconsumemeat,choosefishinsteadofredmeat.Studieshavelinkedhighconsumption3ofredmeatwithcancerssuchasbreastandcolorectalcanceraswellasheartdiseasemainlybecauseredmeatisveryhighinsaturated(饱和的)fats.3．Foodpreparation4.Assuch,cookingmethodssuchassteaming，baking,grilling,boilingorstir­fryingareadvised.5．Somepeopleliketoeatalargemealafterahardday'swork.However,largemealslateatnightcancauseindigestion4thatinfluencessleep.Soitisaverygoodideatohavealow­caloriefiberdrinkjustbeforeleavingtheoffice.Itisalsonotagoodideatoregularlyhavealate­nightmealasthiscouldoverburdenthedigestivesystem.Remember,minorchangesinoureatinghabitscanleadtomajorchangesinourhealth.A．LightnightsB．FewernightsnacksC．Fish,incontrast,containsmoreheart­healthyfatsD．DrinkingbeanmilksuppliesthebodywithplantproteinE．ExpertsalwayssuggestpreparingfoodwithaslittleoilaspossibleF．Butmostofusfailtoobtainadequatenutrients(营养)duetoourtroubledlifestylesG．Fiberaidsinstabilizingbloodsugar,controllingappetiteandkeepingthehearthealthy【语篇解读】本文为说明文。作者介绍了养成健康饮食好习惯的几种策略。1．F[依据首句中的“均衡饮食能增强免疫系统”可知，F项中的“但是我们大多数人由于混乱的生活方式没能获得充足的营养”与之对应，并引出下句。]2．G[研究者推荐早餐吃富含纤维素的全谷类食物，故接下来应该说明纤维素对人体的好处，故选G。]3．C[该段主要涉及吃正餐的学问，即多吃鱼肉少吃红肉。红肉中含有大量饱和脂肪，故选C项“相反，鱼肉中含有更多的有益于心脏健康的脂肪”与之作对比。]4．E[该段主要涉及食物烹饪建议，从后句中的“蒸、烘、烤、煮或炒”这些烹饪方法可知选E与之匹配。]5．A[根据后文可知该段主要讲晚上吃大餐会影响消化，再结合上文几个小标题考虑，“晚餐少食”最佳，故选A。]【导学号：】B(2017·河南、河北、山西、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽省七所名校联考)Whenwearegrown­ups,it'squitenaturaltolookbackonourdifferentstagesoflifeandrememberwhowastheretoseeusthrough.6Whilesomepeople'shighschoolfriendshipsgradually5end，minehavestuckwithmethrougheverybitoflifesince.AndIsupposehighschoolfriendsarethefriendsyou'llbuildthestrongestrelationshipswith.7Whetheritisthebadhaircutorthebraces(牙箍)youwear,yourhighschoolfriendshelpyouthroughitall.Theytellyouthatyoulookwonderfulwhenyoucannotgooutinpublicwiththathairdo.8Theyunderstandthemostaboutyou.Highschoolfriendsknowyoubetterthananyoneelse.Theycanjustlookatyouandknowhowyou'refeeling.Youcannothidemuchfromthem.9Andthey'dratherhelpdealwiththeproblemathandthanletitgo.Soevenwhenyoudon'twanttohearit,prepareyourself—becausethey'renotgoingtostoptryinguntilyou'rebacktoyournormalself.Theymakeforthebestreunion.Reunionsarehardertoorganizewhenfriendsliveacrossthecountry.However,withhighschoolfriends,it'seasytoenjoythetimetogether—youcanoftenpickupjustwhereyouleftoff,nomatterhowlongagothatwas.Friendshipscanbehardtokeep.10A．Wecoulddependonourfriendsallthetime.B．Theyarewithyouthroughyourembarrassingstages.C．Theycansensesomethingisoffwhenyou'retheslightestbitstrange.D．Forme,Ioftenthinkaboutmyfantasticgroupofhighschoolfriends.E．Theybuildupyourself­confidencetogetyouthrougheachtoughsituation.F．Let'spraythefloweroffriendshipwouldalwaysbloombrightlyinourhearts.G．Butitneverseemslikehardworkwiththeonesyou'veknownandlovedforlong.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了在成长过程中友谊的珍贵。6．D[根据空后的“Whilesomepeople'shighschoolfriendshipsgraduallyend，mine...”“...highschoolfriends”可知，此处的内容应是有关作者自己在高中时与朋友之间的友谊的，故D项符合语境。]7．B[根据下文中的“Whetheritisthebadhaircutorthebraces(牙箍)youwear，yourhighschoolfriendshelpyouthroughitall”可知，朋友能帮你度过尴尬的阶段，故B项符合语境。]8．E[根据E项中的“buildupyourself­confidence”“eachtoughsituation”与上文中的“Theytellyouthat...thathairdo”的对应关系可知，E项符合语境。]9．C[根据空前的“Youcannothidemuchfromthem”及空后的“Andthey'dratherhelpdealwiththeproblemathandthanletitgo”可知，此处讲的是即使你只有一点点的异样，你的朋友也会察觉得到并帮助你应对遇到的困难，故C项符合语境。]10．G[本空为全文最后一句，应该是对文章内容的总结提炼。全文总体阐述了友谊的珍贵。根据空前的“Friendshipscanbehardtokeep”以及G项中的“Butitneverseemslikehardwork”与上文中的“hard”的对应关系和语义上的连贯性可知，G项符合语境。]C(2017·山西重点中学协作体模拟)Althoughproblemsarepartofourlives,itcertainlydoesn'tmeanthatweletthemruleourlivesforever.Onedayoranother,you'llhavetostandupandsay,“Problems,Idon'twantyouinmylife.”11Problemswithfriends,parents,girlfriends,husbands,andchildren—thelistgoeson.Apartfromthese,theinner6conflictswithinourselveswork,too.Thesekeepaddingtoourproblems.Problemseindifferentshapesandcolorsandfeelings.Butgoodnewsisthatallproblemscanbedealtwith.Nowreadontoknowhowtosolveyourproblems.Talk,itreallyhelps.Whatmostofusthinkisthatourproblemcanbeunderstoodonlybyusandthatnotalkingisgoingtohelp.12Talkinghelpsyoumoveonandletitgo.Writeyourproblems.13Whenyouwritedownyourproblems,youaresettingfreeallthetensionfromyoursystem.Youcantrythrowingawaythepaperonwhichyouwroteyourproblems.Bydoingthis,imagineyourselfthrowingawaytheproblemsfromyourlife.Don'tlosefaith7andhope.Nomatterwhatyouloseinlife,don'tlosefaithandhope.Evenifyouloseallyourmoney,family...youshouldstillhavefaith.14Yourproblemsaren'ttheworst.Nomatterwhatproblemsyougetinlife,there'reanotheronemillionpeoplewhoseproblemsarehugerthanyours.15Yourproblemsmightjustseembigandworse,butinrealitytheycanberemoved.Goaboutandsolveyourproblemsbecauseeveryproblem,howeverbigorsmall,alwayshasawayout.A．Whenwehaveaproblem,acritical,urgentproblem,howdowetryandsolveit?B．Ofcourse,we'vebeenfightingproblemseversincewewereborn.C．Havingapersonaldiarycanalsobehelpfulifyoudon'twantapersontotalkwith.D.Butwhenyoutalkaboutit,you'resettingfreethenegativeenergies.E．Wecanoftenoveretheproblemsandachievethegoalbymakinganattack.F．Tellyourself:whentheycandealwiththem,whycan'tI?G．Withfaithandhope,youcanrebuildeverythingthatyoulose.【语篇解读】本文作者主要给读者介绍了一些解决所遇到的问题的建议。11．B[根据后面的“Problemswithfriends，parents，gi