2021届浙江省杭州市高二下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题（解析版）+听力

2020学年第二学期杭州市高二年级教学质量检测英语试题卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aroad.B.Arestaurant.C.Adish.2.Whattimeisitnow?A.6am.B.6:30am.C.7am.3.WhereistheTVguide?A.Underthesofa.B.Bythetelephone.C.Ontopofthetelevision.4.Whobrokethemilkbottle?A.Theboy'ssister.B.Theboy.C.Thepet.5.Howwillthewomangotothehotel?A.Onfoot.B.Bytaxi.C.Bybus.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6-7题。6.Whatproblemdoesthewomanhave?A.Shelosthertrainticket.B.Shetookawrongtrain.C.Shemissedtherightstation.7.HowsoonwillthewomangettoDenver?A.In20minutes.B.In30minutes.C.Inoneandahalfhours.听第7段材料，回答第8-10题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atadrugstore.B.Ataclinic.C.Athome.9.Howlonghasthetoothachebeenlasting?A.Aweek.B.Amonth.C.Ayear.10.Whatdidthewomanaskthemantodoimmediately?A.Takesomemedicine.B.Makeanappointment.C.GoforanX-ray.听第8段材料，回答第11-13题。11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Hostandguest.B.Husbandandwife.C.Brotherandsister.12.Whydoesn'tthemanreplacethefurniture?ATheoldfurnitureisstillcomfortable.B.Changingfurniturewillcostmuchmoney.C.Childrenmaymessaboutwithfurniture.13.Howmanychildrendoesthewomanhave?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.听第9段材料，回答第14-17题。14.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Tomakeanapology.B.Tomakeacomplaint.C.Tomakeasuggestion.15.Whatwaswrongwiththefood?A.Itwasnotfresh.B.Itwastooexpensive.C.Itwasnotcookedwell.16.Whatisthewomanmostunsatisfiedwith?A.Thewrongbill.B.Therudewaiter.C.Theslowservice.17.Howwillthemansolvetheproblem?A.Offerafreemeal.B.Returnhermoney.C.Provideamealatadiscount.听第10段材料，回答第18-20题。18.Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribetheairmuseum?A.Old.B.Big.C.Busy.19.Howmuchshouldafamilyofthreepayfortheirtickets?A.£13.B.£14.C.£15.20.Whatismentionedassomethingextratovisitorsthisyear?A.Aspecialairtour.B.Afamilyticket.C.Anadvancedbooking.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIhadverygoodparents.MymothercametothiscountryfromScotlandbyherselfwhenshewas11,andshedidn'thavemuchofaneducation.Mydadwaskindofastreetkid,andheeventuallywentintotheinsurancebusiness,sellingnickelpolicies(五分钱保险单）door-to-door.Itwasthe1930s,atimewhenAmericawasalotmoreracist(种族主义的）thanitisnow.Oneday,mydadaskedhisboss,“What'sthetoughestmarkettosell?”andtheinsuranceguyreplied,“Well,blackpeople.Theydon'tbuyinsurance.”Mydadthought:buttheyhavekids;theyhavefamilies.Whywouldn'ttheybuyinsurance?Sohesaid,“GivemeHarlem.”HewenttoHarlemandsoldnickelpoliciesthere;everyFriday,hewouldgoaroundandcollectthenickelandgivehiscustomersareceiptonthepolicy.Whenmydaddiedin1994,ItalkedabouthimwhenIwasinvitedtoTheTonightShow.ItoldthestoryofhowheworkedinHarlemandhowhealwaystaughtustobeopen-mindedandnottosayorthinkracistthings.Thenoneday,Igotaletterfromawomanwhowasabout75yearsold.Shewrotethatwhenshewasalittlegirl,amanusedtocometoherhousetocollectonpolicies,andhewouldalwaysbringheralollipop.Shesaidthismanwastheonlywhitepersonwhohadevercometodinnerattheirhouseandtheonlywhitepersonshehadeverhaddinnerwithuntilshegottobealmostanadult.Themanwasverykindtoher,shesaid,andhisnamewasAngelo-wasthismyfather?Thelettermademecry.Icalledherupandsaidyes,thatwasinfactmydad,andshetoldmehowkindhehadbeentoherfamily.Herwholeattitudetowardwhitepeoplewasbasedonthatonenicemanshemetinherchildhood,whoalwaystreatedherwithkindnessandrespectandalwaysgaveherapieceofcandyandaskedherwhatshewantedtobewhenshegrewup.Fromthisexperience,Ilearnedavaluablelifelesson,toneverjudgepeopleandtobeopen-mindedandkindtoothers.1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'sfather?A.Ambitious B.Tough. C.Open-minded. D.Cautious.2.Whatinfluencedidmyfatherhaveonthewoman?A.Hetaughtherhowtojudgeotherpeople.B.Heshapedherattitudetowardswhitepeople.C.Heshowedherinsurancewasnecessaryinlife.D.Hemadeherbelieveallwhitepeoplewerekind.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Harlemisadistrictfullofwhitepeople.B.TheauthoristhehostofTheTonightShow.C.Theauthor'sfatherreceivedaformaleducation.D.Blackpeoplewerelookeddownuponinthe1930s【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了在20世纪30年代作者一家从苏格兰移民到美国，当时美国种族歧视，但是思想开放的父亲却对黑人们非常好，他不仅影响了黑人对白人的态度也让作者学到了宝贵的人生一课，永远不要评判别人，要心胸开阔，善待他人。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“ItoldthestoryofhowheworkedinHarlemandhowhealwaystaughtustobeopen-mindedandnottosayorthinkracistthings.”（我讲了他在哈莱姆区工作的故事，他总是教导我们要思想开放，不要说或想种族主义的事情。）可以判断出，作者的父亲在种族歧视严重的时代，是一个思想开放的人。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Herwholeattitudetowardwhitepeoplewasbasedonthatonenicemanshemetinherchildhood,whoalwaystreatedherwithkindnessandrespectandalwaysgaveherapieceofcandyandaskedherwhatshewantedtobewhenshegrewup.”（她对白人的全部态度都建立在她童年时遇到的一个好人的基础上，这个人总是对她很好，很尊重，总是给她一块糖，问她长大后想做什么。）可知，作者父亲影响了这个黑人女性对白人的态度。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Itwasthe1930s,atimewhenAmericawasalotmoreracist(种族主义的）thanitisnow..”（20世纪30年代，当时美国是一个比现在更种族歧视的国家。）可以判断出，20世纪30年代，黑人被人看不起。故选D。【点睛】BImaginethatyoucouldrewindtheclock20years,andyou're20yearsyounger.Howdoyoufeel?Well,ifyou'reatalllikethesubjectsinanexperimentbyHarvardpsychologistEllenLanger,youactuallyfeelasifyourbodyclockhasbeenturnedbacktwodecades.Langerdidastudylikethiswithagroupofelderlymensomeyearsago,redecoratinganoldNewEnglandhotelsothateveryvisiblesignsaiditwas20yearsearlier.Themen—intheirlate70sandearly80s—weretoldnottojustthinkaboutthepast,buttoactuallyactasiftheyhadtraveledbackintime.Theideawastoseeifchangingthemen'smindsetabouttheirownagemightleadtoactualchangesinhealthandfitness.Langer'sfindingswereshocking:Afterjustoneweek,themenintheexperimentalgroup(comparedwithcontrolsofthesameage)hadmorejointflexibilityandlessarthritisintheirhands.Theirmentalsensitivityhadrisenmeasurably,andtheyhadimprovedposture.Outsiderswhowereshownthemen'sphotographsjudgedthemtobesignificantlyyoungerthanthecontrols.Inotherwords,theagingprocesshadtosomeextentgoneintheoppositedirection.Thoughthissoundsabitwoo-wooey,LangerandherHarvardcolleagueshavebeenrunningsimilarlyinventiveexperimentsfordecades,andtheaccumulatedweightoftheevidenceisconvincing.Hertheory,arguedinhernewbook,Counterclockwise,isthatweareallvictimsofourownstereotypesaboutagingandhealth.Wemindlesslyacceptnegativeculturalcuesaboutdiseaseandoldage,andthesecuesshapeourself-conceptsandourbehavior.Ifwecanshakeloosefromthenegativestereotypesthatstronglyinfluenceourthinkingabouthealth,wecan“mindfully”openourselvestopossibilitiesformoreproductivelivesevenintooldage.4.Whydoestheauthormentionrewindingtheclock20years?A.Torecallthegoodolddays. B.Tocheckwhethertheclockworks.C.Toencouragereaders'imagination. D.TointroduceLanger'sexperiment.5.WhatcanwelearnfromEllenLanger'sexperiment?A.Thechangeofsurroundingscanwipeoutdiseases.B.People'smindsetaboutageinfluencestheirhealth.C.Thestereotypesaboutageareverydifficulttochange.D.Peoplecanbecomeyoungerbyrewindingtheirbodyclock.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“woo-wooey”inparagraph3mean?A.Persuasive. B.Mysterious. C.Unbelievable. D.Unacceptable.【答案】4.D5.B6.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现人们对年龄的观念可以影响到他们的健康状况，介绍了研究开展的具体过程以及这一发现的影响。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Imaginethatyoucouldrewindtheclock20years,andyou're20yearsyounger.Howdoyoufeel?Well,ifyou'reatalllikethesubjectsinanexperimentbyHarvardpsychologistEllenLanger,youactuallyfeelasifyourbodyclockhasbeenturnedbacktwodecades.(想象一下，时光倒流20年，你又年轻了20岁。你感觉如何？好吧，如果你和哈佛大学心理学家EllenLanger的实验对象一样，你会觉得自己的生物钟好像倒退了20年)”可推知，作者提到要时光倒流20年是为了介绍兰格的实验。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theideawastoseeifchangingthemen'smindsetabouttheirownagemightleadtoactualchangesinhealthandfitness.(这个想法是为了看看改变男性对自己年龄的观念是否会导致健康和健身方面的实际变化)”以及第二段“Langer'sfindingswereshocking:Afterjustoneweek,themenintheexperimentalgroup(comparedwithcontrolsofthesameage)hadmorejointflexibilityandlessarthritisintheirhands.Theirmentalsensitivityhadrisenmeasurably,andtheyhadimprovedposture.Outsiderswhowereshownthemen'sphotographsjudgedthemtobesignificantlyyoungerthanthecontrols.Inotherwords,theagingprocesshadtosomeextentgoneintheoppositedirection.(Langer的发现令人震惊：仅仅一周后，实验组的男性（与年龄相同的对照组相比）的关节灵活性更高，手上的关节炎也更少。他们的精神敏感度明显提高了，坐姿也改善了。看了这些男性照片的局外人认为他们明显比对照组年轻。换句话说，衰老过程在一定程度上朝着相反的方向发展)”可知，我们能从EllenLanger的实验中了解到人们对年龄的观念影响他们的健康。故选B。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Langer'sfindingswereshocking(Langer的发现令人震惊)”以及画线词后文“LangerandherHarvardcolleagueshavebeenrunningsimilarlyinventiveexperimentsfordecades,andtheaccumulatedweightoftheevidenceisconvincing”可知，though表示转折，说明虽然Langer的发现听起来令人难以置信，但Langer和她的哈佛同事们几十年来一直在进行类似的创造性实验，积累的证据是令人信服的。故画线词意思是“难以置信的”。A.Persuasive.有说服力的；B.Mysterious.神秘的；C.Unbelievable.难以置信的；D.Unacceptable.不可接受的。故选C。CScientistshavecalculatedthetotalamountofplasticevermade:8.3billiontons.Lookedatanotherway,that'sasheavyas25,000EmpireStateSowhat'stheproblem?Muchplasticisintheformofpackagingwhichisusedjustonceandthenthrownaway.AccordingtoamajornewstudyfromtheUniversityofIt'sasituationthathasledthepaper'sleadauthor,ecologistDr.RolandGeyer,tosaythatweare“rapidlyheadingtowards‘PlanetPlastic’”.Theteambehindthisreportalsoestimatethateightmilliontonsofplasticwasteareescapingintotheseaeveryyear.Thishascausedconcernthatplasticisenteringthefoodchain,throughfishandothersealifewhichswallowthesmallerfragments.Ofcourse,thereasonwhythere'ssomuchplasticaroundisthatit'sanamazinglyusefulmaterial.It'sdurableandadaptable,andisusedforeverythingfromyoghurtpotstospaceships.Butit'sexactlythisqualitywhichmakesitaproblem.Theonlywaytodestroyplasticistoheatorburnit-althoughthishasthesideeffectofharmfulemissions.Sowhat'sthealternative,otherthanusinglessplastic?OceanographerDr.ErikvanSebillefromUtrechtProfessorRichardThompson,amarinebiologistfromPlymouth7.Wheredoesmostplasticwastego?A.Itiscompletelyburnt. B.Itendsupinlandfill.C.Itisthrownawayrandomly. D.Itstaysintheground.8.Howmightplasticenterthefoodweeat?A.Bygettingintothedeepsea. B.Bybeingusedasusefulmaterials.C.Bygettingintothefoodmarketdirectly. D.Bybeingeatenandabsorbedbyfish.9.WhichofthefollowingmightRichardThompsonagreewith?A.Plasticwastehascausedtsunami.B.Plasticsarecurrentlyrecycledover20times.C.Thedesignofproductsshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Globalwasteindustryistoblamefortheplasticwasteproblem.10.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PlanetPlastic B.GlobalWasteIndustryC.RecyclabilityofPlastics D.PlasticWasteintotheSea【答案】7.B8.D9.C10.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今日益严重的塑料问题，分析了导致这一问题的原因以及解决方案。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“AccordingtoamajornewstudyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,9%ofthisisrecycled,12%iscompletelyburntand79%goestolandfill.Andbecausemostplasticisnoteasilydisposedof,onceit'sintheground,itstaysthere.(根据加州大学的一项新研究，9%的垃圾被回收，12%被完全燃烧，79%被扔进了垃圾填埋场。而且因为大多数塑料都不容易处理，所以一旦被埋进土里，就会一直留在那里)”可知，大多数塑料垃圾最终会被填埋。故选B。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thishascausedconcernthatplasticisenteringthefoodchain,throughfishandothersealifewhichswallowthesmallerfragments.(这引发了人们的担忧，即塑料正通过吞食较小塑料碎片的鱼类和其他海洋生物进入食物链)”可知，塑料通过鱼吃掉和吸收进入我们吃的食物。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ProfessorRichardThompson,amarinebiologistfromPlymouthUniversity,saysit'spoordesignthat'satfault.Hesaysthatifproductsarecurrentlydesigned“withrecyclabilityinmind”,theycouldberecycledaround20timesover.(普利茅斯大学的海洋生物学家RichardThompson教授表示，这是设计不当的错。他说，如果目前的产品在设计时“考虑到可回收性”，它们可以被回收20次左右)”可推知，RichardThompson会同意C选项“产品的设计要环保”的说法。故选C。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“It'sasituationthathasledthepaper'sleadauthor,ecologistDr.RolandGeyer,tosaythatweare“rapidlyheadingtowards‘PlanetPlastic’”.(这种情况导致论文的主要作者，生态学家罗兰·盖耶博士说，我们正在“迅速走向‘塑料星球’”)”结合文章主要说明了如今日益严重的塑料问题，分析了导致这一问题的原因以及解决方案。可知，A选项“塑料星球”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fastfashionisclothing'sequivalent(等同物）tofastfood-cheaplymade,withlow-costmaterials,thatarenotbuilttolast.___11___However,thepopularstylesandlowpricesmakeuswanttoconsumemore,sowefillourclosetswithtoomanyofthoseitemswhichmayendupinthetrashbeforelong.It'sclearweneedtorethinkhowweshopanddress.Sowhatshouldwedo?Spendmoretobuyless.Considersettingaminimumpricefortheclothingyoubuy,inordertovalueitmore.You'llsaveup,thinklongandhardbeforebuying,andthenbemorelikelytowearitforlonger.___12___Shopsecondhand.Theresalemarketisdevelopingfastandithasmuchtooffer.Theitemalreadyexists,andyou'redoinggoodbybuyingit,especiallyifyouwearitforyears.___13___Secondhandstoresarewhereyoucanpickupitemslikeleatherjackets,bootsandcashmeresweaters.___14___Readthecarelabels,handwashwhennecessary,hangdrymostofthetime,washless(“airingout”asneeded),learnbasicrepairs,dealwithstainsassoonastheyappear.Considertheend.Donateyourclothes,sellthemonanonlinemarketplace,organizeaswapwithfriends,orturnoldoutfitsintocleaningrags.___15___Thebusinessesorcharitiesreceivingthemarebetterpositionedthanyoumaybetosort,fix,andrecycleasneeded.A.Takecareofyourclothes.B.Likefastfood,it'sunhealthyallaround.C.Dealwiththefast-fashionproblemproperly.D.It'sOKtogiveawayless-than-perfectclothes.E.Therearemanywonderfulcompaniesproducinggoodanddurableclothing.F.You'reextendingthelifespanofclothingthatwouldotherwisehavebeenthrownaway.G.Ifyou'reaneagershopper,tryskippingaweekjusttoslowyourconsumptionsomewhat.【答案】11.B12.G13.F14.A15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。快速时尚相当于用低成本材料制作的快餐，这些材料不能长久使用。它像快餐一样，它对周围的人都不健康。然而，流行的款式和低廉的价格让我们想要购买更多的东西，所以我们在衣柜里放了太多可能很快就会被扔进垃圾桶的东西。很明显，我们需要重新思考如何购物和穿衣。那么我们应该怎么做?短文给出了一些具体的建议。【11题详解】根据上文“Fastfashionisclothing'sequivalent(等同物）tofastfood-cheaplymade,withlow-costmaterials,thatarenotbuilttolast.”可知，快速时尚相当于用低成本材料制作的快餐，这些材料不能长久使用。选项承接上文继续说明快时尚所带来的的坏处，故B选项“它像快餐一样，它对周围的人都不健康”。thatarenotbuilttolast呼应unhealthy。故选B项。【12题详解】根据上文“You'llsaveup,thinklongandhardbeforebuying,andthenbemorelikelytowearitforlonger.”可知，你会省钱，在买之前仔细考虑，然后更有可能穿得更久。选项与上文为并列关系在说明抵制不良的消费的具体方法。故G选项“如果你是一个渴望购物的人，试着跳过一周的时间来减缓你的消费。”切题。故选G项。【13题详解】根据上文“Theitemalreadyexists,andyou'redoinggoodbybuyingit,especiallyifyouwearitforyears.”衣服就在那里，你买它是在做好事，尤其是衣服还可以在多穿几年。选项承接上文，说明在二手市场买衣服对衣服的益处。wearitforyears呼应extendingthelifespanofclothing。故F选项“你在延长衣服的寿命，否则这些衣服就会被扔掉。”切题。故选F项。【14题详解】根据下文“Readthecarelabels,handwashwhennecessary,hangdrymostofthetime,washless(“airingout”asneeded),learnbasicrepairs,dealwithstainsassoonastheyappear.”可知，阅读护理标签，必要时手洗衣服，大部分时间用手晾干，学习基本的修补方法，一旦污渍出现就立即处理。由此可知，本段在说明要照看好自己的衣服。故A选项“照看好自己的衣服。”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。【15题详解】根据下文“Thebusinessesorcharitiesreceivingthemarebetterpositionedthanyoumaybetosort,fix,andrecycleasneeded.”可知，接收它们的企业或慈善机构比你更适合根据需要进行分类、修复和回收。receivingthem呼应giveaway。选项承接下文。故D选项“把不太完美的衣服送人是可以的”切题。故选D项。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20个小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Igotmyfirstrealjobatage12asawaitress.AndwhenIwentontocollege,itpaidfortuitionandhousingandeventually,a___16___.FromthemomentIpickeditup,Iwas___17___.AllIwantedtodowastakepictures.TheweekIfinishedcollege,Iwas___18___byadailynewspaper,andthetwo-yearexperiencethatfollowedwaslikea___19___classinphotojournalism.Thiswasperfect___20___formyfuturecareeratNationalGeographic.Onmanyassignments,themost___21___partturnedouttobethetransportation.Overtheyears,Itraveledbyhorse,car,train,truck,andallsortsofold___22___.ItraveledbyfishingboatintheSeaofGalilee,bysailboatinSydney.I___23___inhelicopterschasingbearsintheArctic.___24___,takingbeautifulpictureswasalwaysmy____25____However,laterinmycareer,Ialsowantedmypicturesto____26____arealdifferenceinpeople'slives.ThatiswhyI____27____portraitsofpeoplewhoselivesarebetterbecauseofthosewhocareaboutthem.Thephotosareusedinavarietyof____28____products.Theotherissuethatstolemyheartwasthe____29____,IhavetraveledallovertheUnitedStatestophotographthelastonepercentofwilderness____30____here.Iamdeeply____31____formylifeinphotographyandthe____32____lessonsithastaughtme.Ihavelearnedthatwomenreallydo____33____uphalfthesky;thatjudgingothersdoesgreat____34____,butlisteningtothemenriches;andthatitisimpossibletohateagroupofpeopleonceyougettoknowoneofthemasa(n)____35____.16.A.computer B.mobilephone C.car D.camera17.A.hooked B.caught C.lost D.attacked18.A.adopted B.hired C.supported D.interviewed19.A.first B.master C.best D.real20.A.match B.education C.training D.exercising21.A.exciting B.threatening C.challenging D.impressing22.A.carriages B.vehicles C.automobiles D.channels23.A.hiked B.ran C.flew D.flowed24.A.Anyway B.Instead C.Therefore D.Somehow25.A.idea B.hobby C.interest D.goal26.A.see B.make C.tell D.show27.A.paint B.draw C.show D.shoot28.A.fund-raising B.profit-making C.stress-relieving D.time-saving29.A.environment B.art C.entertainment D.civilization30.A.deserted B.discovered C.grown D.left31.A.moved B.grateful C.helpful D.curious32.A.amazing B.tough C.hard D.interesting33.A.take B.pick C.hold D.put34.A.good B.honor C.harm D.wrong35.A.partner B.whole C.photographer D.individual【答案】16.D17.A18.B19.B20.C21.C22.B23.C24.A25.D26.B27.D28.A29.A30.D31.B32.A33.C34.C35.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文叙述了作者作为摄影师的经历和感悟。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我上大学的时候，我用这笔钱付了学费和住宿费，最后还买了一台相机。A.computer电脑；B.mobilephone电话；C.car汽车；D.camera照相机。根据“AllIwantedtodowastakepictures.”以及下文“photojournalism”可知，作者买的是照相机。故选D项。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从我拿起它的那一刻起，我就被它迷住了。A.hooked用钩钩住；B.caught抓；C.lost丢失；D.attacked袭击。根据“FromthemomentIpickeditup”可知，作者拿起它的那一刻起，作者就被它迷住了。故选A项。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大学毕业的那一周，我被一家日报录用了，接下来的两年经历就像上了一节新闻摄影主修课。A.adopted采纳；B.hired雇佣；C.supported支持；D.interviewed面试。根据“TheweekIfinishedcollege”以及“byadailynewspaper”可知，作者被一家日报录用了。故选B项。【19题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大学毕业的那一周，我被一家日报录用了，接下来的两年经历就像上了一节新闻摄影主修课。A.first第一的；B.master主要的；C.best最好的；D.real真正的。根据“classinphotojournalism.”可知，两年经历就像上了一节新闻摄影主修课。故选B项。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是对我未来在国家地理的职业生涯的完美训练。A.match比赛；B.education教育；C.training训练；D.exercising锻炼。根据“thetwo-yearexperience”可知，这份工作对作者的职业生涯是完美的训练。故选C项。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在许多任务中，最具挑战性的部分是交通。A.exciting令人兴奋的；B.threatening危险的；C.challenging有挑战性的；D.impressing令人印象深的。根据“Onmanyassignments”“Overtheyears,Itraveledbyhorse,car,train,truck,andallsortsofold___7___”以及作者的职业性质就是去户外拍摄照片，所以最具挑战性的部分是交通。故选C项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：。多年来，我乘过马车、汽车、火车、卡车，以及各种各样的旧交通工具。A.carriages马车；B.vehicles交通工具；C.automobiles汽车；D.channels频道。根据“horse,car,train,truck”可知，作者乘过马、汽车、火车、卡车，以及各种各样的旧交通工具。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我乘坐直升机在北极追逐熊。A.hiked徒步；B.ran跑；C.flew（在空中或宇宙）飞行，航行；D.flowed流动。根据“inhelicopters”可知，作者乘坐的是直升机。故选C项。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，拍漂亮的照片一直是我的目标。A.Anyway无论如何；B.Instead而不是；C.Therefore因此；D.Somehow以某种方法。根据“takingbeautifulpictureswasalwaysmy___10___”可知，无论如何，拍漂亮的照片一直是作者的目标。故选A项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，拍漂亮的照片一直是我的目标。A.idea主意；B.hobby爱好；C.interest兴趣；D.goal目标。根据前文可知，作者乘坐过很多交通方式拍过照片。所以拍漂亮的照片一直是作者的目标。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我后来的职业生涯中，我也希望我拍的照片对人们的生活产生真正的影响。A.see看见；B.make产生；C.tell告诉；D.show展示。根据“arealdifferenceinpeople'slives.”可知，作者希望自己拍的照片对人们的生活产生真正的影响。makeadifference“产生影响”为固定短语。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么我拍摄人的肖像，由于人们的关心，他们的生活过得更好。A.paint绘画；B.draw画；C.show展示；D.shoot拍摄。作者是摄影师，以及“portraitsofpeople”可知，作者拍摄的是人的肖像。故选D项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些照片被用于各种筹款产品中。A.fund-raising筹募基金活动的；B.profit-making营利的；C.stress-relieving消除应力的；D.time-saving节省时间的。根据“becauseofthosewhocareaboutthem.”可知，这些照片被用于各种筹款产品中。故选A项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个让我心动的问题是环境，我走遍了美国，只为拍摄这里剩下的最后百分之一的荒野。A.environment环境；B.art艺术；C.entertainment娱乐；D.civilization文明。根据“…traveledallovertheUnitedStates”可知，作者和关心环境。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个让我心动的问题是环境，我走遍了美国，只为拍摄这里剩下的最后百分之一的荒野。A.deserted遗弃；B.discovered发现；C.grown生长；D.left留下。根据“thelastonepercentofwilderness”可知，作者只为拍摄这里剩下的最后百分之一的荒野。故选D项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常感激我的摄影生活和它教给我的惊人的课程。A.moved感动的；B.grateful感激的；C.helpful有益处的；D.curious好奇的。作者很感激自己的摄影生活。故选B项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常感激我的摄影生活和它教给我的惊人的课程。A.amazing令人惊讶的；B.tough困难的；C.hard难的；D.interesting有趣的。作者是位摄影师，到处去拍照片，所以身影生活教给了作者惊人的课程。故选A项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我明白了女人真的能顶半边天。A.take拿；B.pick拾起；C.hold托住；D.put放置。根据“halfthesky”可知，作者明白了女人真的能顶半边天。故选C项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：评判他人固然有害，但倾听他人却能使之充实。A.good善行；B.honor荣耀；C.harm伤害；D.wrong欺骗行径。根据常识可知，评判他人是有害的。故选C项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦你了解了一群人中的一个，你就不可能讨厌他们。A.partner搭档；B.whole整体；C.photographer摄影师；D.individual个人。根据“agroupofpeople”可知，个人相对于群体，表示一旦你了解了一群人中的一个，你就不可能讨厌他们。故选D项。第II卷第二节：语法填空（10个小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Runningmaybethemosteffectiveexercisetoincreaselifeexpectancy.Accordingto___36___newstudy,comparedtonon-runners,runnerstended___37___(live)aboutthreeadditionalyears,eveniftheyrunslowlyor___38___(occasion)andsmoke,drinkorareoverweight.The59___39___(finding)comeasafollow-uptoapreviousstudy___40___agroupofdistinguishedexercisescientistscarefullycheckeddatafromalargenumberofmedicalandfitnesstests___41___(conduct)attheCooperInstituteinDallas.Thatanalysisfoundthataslittleas5minutesofdailyrunningwasassociatedwithprolongedlifespans.Somepeopleaskedifotheractivities,suchaswalking,werelikelytobeas___42___(benefit)asrunning.Long-distancerunners___43___(wonder)iftheycouldbedoingtoomuch,andifatsomeundefinednumberofmilesorhours,runningmightbecomeharmfulandevencontributed___44___earlydeath.Andafewpeoplequestionedwhetherrunningreallyaddedtopeople'slifespans.Soforthenewstudy,Dr.LeeandhiscolleaguessetouttoaddressrelatedissuesbyanalyzingdatafromtheCooperInstitute____45____alsoexaminingresultsfromanumberofotherlarge-scalerecentstudies.【答案】36.a37.tolive38.occasionally39.findings40.where41.conducted42.beneficial43.wondered44.to45.and【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。根据一项新的研究，与不跑步的人相比，跑步的人往往能多活3年左右，即使他们跑得很慢，或者偶尔跑一次，还抽烟、喝酒或超重。文章主要介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及发现。【36题详解】考查冠词。句意：根据一项新的研究，与不跑步的人相比，跑步的人往往能多活3年左右，即使他们跑得很慢，或者偶尔跑一次，还抽烟、喝酒或超重。study为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且new是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。37题详解】考查固定短语。句意：根据一项新的研究，与不跑步的人相比，跑步的人往往能多活3年左右，即使他们跑得很慢，或者偶尔跑一次，还抽烟、喝酒或超重。结合句意表示“往往……”可知短语为tendtodosth.。故填tolive。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：根据一项新的研究，与不跑步的人相比，跑步的人往往能多活3年左右，即使他们跑得很慢，或者偶尔跑一次，还抽烟、喝酒或超重。修饰动词run应用副词occasionally，作状语。故填occasionally。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：这59项发现是之前一项研究的后续，一群杰出的运动科学家仔细核对了达拉斯库珀研究所进行的大量医疗和健康测试的数据。空处作主语，表示“发现”应用可数名词finding，由59修饰应用复数形式。故填findings。【40题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这59项发现是之前一项研究的后续，一群杰出的运动科学家仔细核对了达拉斯库珀研究所进行的大量医疗和健康测试的数据。此处为定语从句修饰先行词study，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这59项发现是之前一项研究的后续，一群杰出的运动科学家仔细核对了达拉斯库珀研究所进行的大量医疗和健康测试的数据。分析句子结构可知conduct在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语data构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：一些人问，其他活动，如散步，是否可能和跑步一样有益。根据上文“werelikelytobe”可知应填形容词beneficial，作表语，表示“有益的”，as...as...结构中用形容词的原级。故填beneficial。【43题详解】考查动词时态。句意：长跑运动员想知道他们是否跑得太多了，如果跑了不确定的里程数或小时，跑步可能会有害，甚至导致早逝。设空处为主句谓语动词，结合上文“Somepeopleaskedifotheractivities”可知描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填wondered。【44题详解】考查介词。句意：长跑运动员想知道他们是否跑得太多了，如果跑了不确定的里程数或小时，跑步可能会有害，甚至导致早逝。结合句意表示“导致”可知短语为contributeto。故填to。【45题详解】考查连词。句意：因此，在这项新研究中，李博士和他的同事们着手解决相关问题，他们分析了来自库珀研究所的数据，并检查了近期其他一些大规模研究的结果。“分析了来自库珀研究所的数据”与“检查了近期其他一些大规模研究的结果”构成并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）46.假如你是李华，最近你听说你的新西兰朋友Linda因减肥吃得很少，请你写一封信，劝她以健康为重，科学减肥，内容包括：1.表示担忧；2.进行劝说；3.祝愿健康。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】DearLinda,Hearingthatyou'vebeeneatingonlyalittletotakeoffweight,I'malittleworriedthatyou'vegonetoofar.Inmyopinion,insteadofasking“AmIfat?”,youshouldbeasking“AmIfit?”.Myfriend,neverloseweightatthecostofhealth.Besides,ratherthancuttingoutthefoodsyouenjoy,whydon'tyoujustaddsomehealthyfoodstoyourmealsandmoreimportantly,domoreexercise?Itisabalanceddietcombinedwithregularexercisethatwillhelpyouachieveyourgoal.Wishyougoodhealthandagoodfigure.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给新西兰朋友Linda写封信，劝她以健康重，科学减肥。【详解】1.词汇积累减肥：ondiet→takeoffweight减少：reduce→cutout担心的：concerned→worried此外：inaddition=besides2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Hearingthatyou'vebeeneatingonlyalittletotakeoffweight,I'malittleworriedthatyou'vegonetoofar.拓展句：SinceIlearnedthatyou'vebeeneatingonlyalittletotakeoffweight,I'malittleworriedthatyou'vegonetoofar.【点睛】[高分句型1]Hearingthatyou'vebeeneatingonlyalittletotakeoffweight,I'malittleworriedthatyou'vegonetoofar.(运用了现在分词作状语和that引导宾语从句)[高分句型2]Itisabalanceddietcombinedwithregularexercisethatwillhelpyouachieveyourgoal.(运用了强调句)第二节：读后续写（满分25分）47.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。ZippingOutOfFear“Breakfasttime!”Iquicklyputonm