Unit 4 B卷 能力提升练（解析版）

选择性必修Book3Unit4AdversityAndCourage（B卷·能力提升练）（时间：90分钟；满分：120分）阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AClaritin®ChewablesCoolMintFlavorPowerful24-hour.non-drowsyallergyreliefplusanimmediateblastofcoolingsensationyoucanfeel.DIRECTIONS•convenientchewableform•nowaterneededAdultsandchildren12yearsandover:chew1tabletdaily;notmorethan1tabletin24hoursChildrenunder12:askadoctorConsumerswithliverorkidneydisease:askadoctorRobintussin®12HourTabletsTemporarilyrelievecoughduetominorthroatpain,theintensityofcoughingandtheimpulsetocough.DIRECTIONS•donotcrush,cheworbreaktablets•takewithafullglassofwaterAdultsandchildren12yearsandolder:Itabletevery12hours;notmorethan2tabletsin24hoursChildrenunder12:askadoctorTylenol®ColdMaxDaytimeCapletsTemporarilyrelievecommoncold/flusymptoms.DIRECTIONS•swallowwhole-donotcrush,chewordissolveAdultsandchildren12yearsandover:take2capletsevery4hours;donottakemorethan10capletsin24hoursChildrenunder12:askadoctorMotrin®IBIbuprofenCapletsRelievetoughpainandreducefeverDIRECTIONSAdultsandchildren12yearsandolder:takeIcapletevery4to6hourswhilesymptomspersist;ifpainorfeverdoesnotrespondtoIcaplet,2capletsmaybeused;donotexceed6capletsin24hours,unlessdirectedbyadoctorChildrenunder12:askadoctor1.Ifapersonsuffersfromacough,whichmedicinecanheorshetake?A.Claritin®ChewablesCoolMintFlavor.B.Robintussin®HourTablets.C.Tylenol®ColdMaxDaytimeCaplets.D.Motrin®IBIhuprofenCaplet2.Howshouldapatientof15takeTylenol®ColdMaxDaytimeCaplets?A.Take1capleteverytime. B.Chewitbeforeswallowing.C.Take2capletseveryfourthhour. D.Take12capletsinoneday.3.Whatdothefourmedicineshaveincommon?A.Theycanalltreatcolds.B.Theycan’tbetakenwithothermedicines.C.Theyshouldbetakenwithwater.D.Theyneeddoctors’adviceforpatientsunder12.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了生活中治疗常见病症的四种常用药物。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“cough”可将解题线索定位至第二种药“Robintussin®12HourTablets”，根据文本信息“Temporarilyrelievecoughduetominorthroatpain,theintensityofcoughingandtheimpulsetocough.(暂时缓解喉咙轻微疼痛、咳嗽强度和咳嗽冲击引起的咳嗽。)”可知，Robintussin®HourTablets可治疗咳嗽。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章对第三种药“TylenollColdMaxDaytimeCaplets”服用方法的描述“Adultsandchildren12yearsandover:take2capletsevery4hours;donottakemorethan10capletsin24hours(成人及12岁及以上儿童：每4小时服2片；24小时内服用不超过10片)”可知，十二岁及以上的病人应当每四小时吃两片；二十四小时内最多服用10片。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中四种药品的功能简介和服用指南，可知四种药对应不同症状，服用方法不同，故排除A项“它们都治疗感冒”、B项“它们不能和其他药物一起服用”和C项“它们都应该用温水送服”。四种药物的服用指南中都提及了“Childrenunder12:askadoctor(12岁以下：遵医嘱)”可知，它们的共同点是十二岁以下的儿童在服用时需遵医嘱。故选D项。BForthepastthreedecades,RichardSears,71,hasbeenfocusedononething:tellingthestoriesbehindChinesecharacters.HisinterestinChineselanguageandcharactersgoesbackto1972,whenhewasa22-year-oldphysicsmajoratPortlandStateUniversityinOregon.“Irealizedonly7percentoftheworldspeakEnglishasamothertongue.So,Iwantedtoknowwhatitwasliketospeakanotherlanguage.”By1990,SearswasalreadyprettyfluentinChinese,buthedidnotknowhowtoread.ToSears,thecharacterswerecomplexwithmanystrokesandalmostnoapparentlogic.“I’maphysicist,soIdon’tlikeblindmemorizationinlearninglanguages.IknewthatChinesecharacterscamefrompictographs(象形文字)andIwantedtoknowthestoriesbehindtheChinesecharacters.”Ashestudied,Searsrealizedquicklythatmanyoftheexplanationscouldnotpossiblybetrue.Inordertopickoutthegoodones,hedecidedtocomputerizethecharacters.Hescannedabout96,000ancientcharacters.Thedatabaseofancientcharacterscameintobeing,buthewantedtoexplainthestep-by-stepevolvementofthesecharactersfromtheoriginalpictographstothemodernsimplifiedforms.Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin2002andnameditChineseEtymology(词源),wherevisitorscancheckforfreetheevolvementofChinesecharactersinvariousforms.Between2002and2011,thewebsitewouldget11,000or15,000hitsaday.Suddenly,inJanuary2011,clickstothewebsitewentupto600,000inoneday.OvernighthebecameUncleHanzi,anicknamegivenbyChinesenetizens,afteroneofthemsharedhiswebsiteonChinesesocialmedia.Inadditiontothewebsite,inSeptemberlastyear,Searssetuphisstudio,focusingonapplyingAR,animationandartificialintelligencetotellingstoriesofChinesecultureandcharacterorigins,inNanjingaspartofthelocalauthority’splantocultivatetalentintheculturesector.“TheyhavebothentertainmentvalueforyoungChineseandeducationalvalueandcanteachtheoriginsofChinesecharacters,”hesays.“WealsowanttomakevideoswithahigheducationalvalueforotherplatformsbothforChineseandforeignlearnersofChinesecharacters.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutRichardSears?A.HelearnedChinesetoimprovehisphysics.B.HehasmadeanexplorationintoChinesecharacters.C.HewasfluentinreadingChinesefromthebeginning.D.Hewasconcernedaboutthespreadofhismothertongue.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ones”inParagraph3referto?A.Explanations. B.Characters. C.Pictographs. D.Languages.6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSears’website?A.Ithasmadeabigprofitfromnetizensvisitingit.B.Itgainedpopularityshortlyafterbeingestablished.C.ItfocusesonthesimplificationofChinesecharacters.D.ItbringstheevolvementofChinesecharacterstothepublic.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRichardSears?A.Enthusiasticanddevoted. B.Wisebutcareless.C.Ambitiousandhumorous. D.Generousbutstubborn.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍71岁的理查德·西尔斯专注于研究汉字背后的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Forthepastthreedecades,RichardSears,71,hasbeenfocusedononething:tellingthestoriesbehindChinesecharacters.(在过去的30年里，71岁的理查德·西尔斯一直专注于一件事：讲述汉字背后的故事。)”和第二段“ToSears,thecharacterswerecomplexwithmanystrokesandalmostnoapparentlogic.(在西尔斯看来，这些汉字笔画繁多，几乎没有明显的逻辑。)”可知，理查德·西尔斯对汉字进行了探索。故选B。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前句“Ashestudied,Searsrealizedquicklythatmanyoftheexplanationscouldnotpossiblybetrue.(研究过程中，西尔斯很快意识到很多解释都不可能是真的。)”可知，为了挑选出好的解释，他决定将这些汉字电脑化。所以ones指代前句中的“explanations(解释)”。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin2002andnameditChineseEtymology(词源),wherevisitorscancheckforfreetheevolvementofChinesecharactersinvariousforms.(他终于在2002年建立了自己的网站，并将其命名为“中国词源学”，在这个网站上，访问者可以免费查看各种形式的汉字的演变。)”可推断，西尔斯的网站把汉字的演变带给了大众。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Forthepastthreedecades,RichardSears,71,hasbeenfocusedononething:tellingthestoriesbehindChinesecharacters.(在过去的30年里，71岁的理查德·西尔斯一直专注于一件事：讲述汉字背后的故事。)”和第四段“Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin2002andnameditChineseEtymology(词源),wherevisitorscancheckforfreetheevolvementofChinesecharactersinvariousforms.(他终于在2002年建立了自己的网站，并将其命名为“中国词源学”，在这个网站上，访问者可以免费查看各种形式的汉字的演变。)”可知，理查德·西尔斯一直专注于讲述汉字背后的故事并让访问者免费查看各种形式的汉字的演变，从而推断说明他对汉字的研究富有热情且乐于奉献。故选A。CTopherWhitespendsalotoftimewalkingintheforestandthinkingabouthowquicklywe’relosingit.Heismakinganefforttostopglobaldeforestation(滥伐).FounderoftheSanFrancisco—basedNonprofitRainforestConnection,Whitehasdevelopedasimplebutingeniousstrategy:usingoldcellphonestolistenforthesoundofdestruction.Forestsaredisappearingworldwideandfast,whichnotonlyharmswildlife,includingmanyspeciesthatlivenowhereelse,butalsocontributestoclimatechange.“Ididn’tknowanyofthisstuffwhenIstarted,”saysWhite,whobeganhisjourneyin2011,whenhetraveledtoIndonesianBorneotohelpdecreasinggibbons(长臂猿).Between50and90percentofthelogging(采伐)thathappensintheworld’srainforestsisillegal,accordingtoWhite,yetdetectingthatactivitycanbetough.Sohehasdevelopedasysteminwhichheusesacellphonestayingchargedbysolarcellsandanextramicrophone.Fromthere,thedevicecandetectthesoundsofchainsaws(电锯)nearlyamileaway.Becauseit’sunfeasibletohavepeoplelisteningtothedevicesallthetime,headdedsome“old-schooldataanalysis,”sothatthecellphone’scomputerscandistinguishachainsaw’ssoundfromothersintheforest.Thisway,hisdevicecanautomaticallydetectloggingactivityandsendatextalerttoauthoritieswhocandetermineifit’sillegalandthenstopit.Sofar,hismonitoringsystemhasbeenusedinCameroon,Ecuador,Peru,andBrazilandwillsoonbedeployedinBolivia.It’snotjustaboutlisteningforlogging.Also,itcanpickoutthesoundsofspecificbirds,whichiswhyWhiteseestheforestrecordingsasapotentialsciencetool.Heisurgingbiologistsandecologiststousehismonitoringsystemanywhere,whetherit’saremoteforestoraparkinLondon.“Themorewelearnabouttheseplaces,”hesays,“theeasieritwillbetoprotectthem.”8.WhatmadeTopherWhitedecidetostopglobaldeforestation?A.Theproblemofglobalclimatechange.B.TheassociationofNonprofitRainforestConnection.C.TheexperienceoftravellingtoIndonesianBorneoin2011.D.Thedesiretofindnewusesforoldcellphones.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unfeasible”inparagraph4mean?A.Impractical. B.Unwilling. C.Impassive. D.Unnecessary.10.InTopherWhite’sopinion,wecanprotectnaturemoreeasilythrough______.A.updatingadvancedtechnology B.ourbetterunderstandingofitC.developingstrongteamworkspirit D.growingenvironmentalawareness11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ACreativeWayIsUsedtoProtectWildlifeB.MeasuresShouldBeTakentoPreserveNatureC.ForestsAreDisappearingWorldwideD.YourOldCellPhonesCanHelpSavetheRainForest【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述阻止全球滥伐的方法——通过使用旧手机来聆听破坏雨林的声音——从而拯救雨林。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“TopherWhitespendsalotoftimewalkingintheforestandthinkingabouthowquicklywe’relosingit.Heismakinganefforttostopglobaldeforestation(滥伐).(TopherWhite花了很多时间在森林里行走，思考我们失去森林的速度有多快。他正在努力阻止全球滥伐。)”及第二段“Forestsaredisappearingworldwideandfast,whichnotonlyharmswildlife,includingmanyspeciesthatlivenowhereelse,butalsocontributestoclimatechange.“Ididn’tknowanyofthisstuffwhenIstarted,”saysWhite,whobeganhisjourneyin2011,whenhetraveledtoIndonesianBorneotohelpdecreasinggibbons(长臂猿).(森林正在世界范围内迅速消失，这不仅伤害了野生动植物，包括许多无处可逃的物种，而且还加剧了气候变化。怀特说：“当我开始时，我对这些东西一无所知”，他于2011年开始他的旅程，当时他前往印度尼西亚婆罗洲帮助逐渐减少的长臂猿。)”可知，怀特在2011年前往印度尼西亚婆罗洲时意识到滥伐的危害，决定停止全球滥伐，故选C。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段“headdedsome“old-schooldataanalysis,”sothatthecellphone’scomputerscandistinguishachainsaw’ssoundfromothersintheforest.Thisway,hisdevicecanautomaticallydetectloggingactivityandsendatextalerttoauthoritieswhocandetermineifit’sillegalandthenstopit.(他补充了一些传统的数据分析，这样手机的电脑就可以把电锯的声音和森林里的其他声音区分开来。通过这种方式，他的设备可以自动检测日志记录活动，并向专家发送文本警报，专家可以确定它是否非法，然后停止它。)”可知，让人们一直听着设备是不可能的，所以怀特做了一些数据分析，使设备可以自动检测日志记录活动，并向专家发送文本警报。故unfeasible表示“不可行的，不切实际的”，与impractical意义相近。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段““Themorewelearnabouttheseplaces,”hesays,“theeasieritwillbetoprotectthem.”(他说：“我们对这些地方了解得越多，就越容易保护它们”。)”可知，怀特认为我们更好地了解自然，就能更容易地保护自然，故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“TopherWhitespendsalotoftimewalkingintheforestandthinkingabouthowquicklywe’relosingit.Heismakinganefforttostopglobaldeforestation(滥伐).FounderoftheSanFrancisco—basedNonprofitRainforestConnection,Whitehasdevelopedasimplebutingenious’strategy:usingoldcellphonestolistenforthesoundofdestruction.(TopherWhite花了很多时间在森林里行走，思考我们失去森林的速度有多快。他正在努力阻止全球滥伐。怀特是总部位于旧金山的非营利组织RainforestConnection的创始人，他制定了一种简单但巧妙的策略：使用旧手机来聆听破坏的声音使用旧手机来聆听破坏的声音。)”可知，文章主要讲述阻止全球滥伐的方法——通过使用旧手机来聆听破坏雨林的声音。故文章标题应是YourOldCellPhonesCanHelpSavetheRainForest(你的旧手机可以帮助拯救雨林。)，故选D。DProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors(处理器)—someassmallas500squarefeet—houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.In2018shelaunchedthefirstmicrofactory,establishingamodelofrecyclingthatenablesbusinessesandcommunitiestodevelopcommercialopportunitieswhileaddressinglocalwasteproblems.Asecondonebeganrecyclingplasticsin2019.Now,herlabgroupisworkingwithuniversityandindustrypartnerstocommercializetheirpatentedMicrofactorytechnology.“Thesmallscaleofthemachineswillmakeiteasierforthemtoonedayoperateonrenewableenergy,unlikemostlargemanufacturingplants.Theapproachwillalsoallowcitiestorecyclewasteintonewproductsonlocation,avoidingthelong,ofteninternational,high-emissionjourneysbetweenrecyclingprocessorsandmanufacturingplants.Withamicrofactory,gonearethedaysofneedingseparatefacilitiestocollectandstorematerials,extract(提取)elementsandproducenewproducts,”saysSahajwalla.Traditionally,recyclingplantsbreakdownmaterialsforreuseinsimilarproducts-likemeltingdownplastictomakemoreplasticthings.Sahajwalla’sinventionadvancesthisideabytakingmaterialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent.“Thekidsdon’tlookliketheparents,”shesays.Sahajwallareferstothisprocessas“thefourthR,”adding“re-form”tothecommonphrase“reduce,reuse,recycle”.ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla’sprogramshelptodevelopinnovationandpromotecooperationwithindustry,ensuringthatsustainablematerialsandprocessesbecomecommerciallypracticalsolutionsfordealingwithwaste.12.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceanewtypeoftrashprocessor.B.Tointroducetheprocessofrecyclingwaste.C.Toprovetheseriousnessofthetrashproblem.D.Toshowthecurrentsituationoftrashrecycling.13.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thefoundingofwastemicrofactories.B.Theinfluencesofwastemicrofactories.C.Theadvantagesofwastemicrofactories.D.Theshockingscaleofwastemicrofactories.14.Whatdoes“re-form”inParagraph3refertoaccordingtoSahajwalla?A.Extractingmaterialsfromthewaste.B.Generatingnewmaterialswithwaste.C.Updatingthewholerecyclingprocess.D.Transformingwasteintosimilarproducts.15.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Afictionnovel. B.Abusinessreport.C.Asciencemagazine. D.Achemicaltextbook.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了VeenaSahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors—someassmallas500squarefeet—houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.(VeenaSahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。这些小垃圾处理器——有些只有500平方英尺——容纳了一系列回收垃圾并利用热技术将其转化为新材料的机器。新的“一体式”方法可能会让我们目前的回收流程相形见绌。)”可知，第一段的写作目的是为了介绍一种新型的垃圾处理机。故选A。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“In2018shelaunchedthefirstmicrofactory,establishingamodelofrecyclingthatenablesbusinessesandcommunitiestodevelopcommercialopportunitieswhileaddressinglocalwasteproblems.(2018年，她启动了第一个微型工厂，建立了一种回收模式，使企业和社区能够在解决当地废物问题的同时开发商业机会。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了垃圾微工厂的优点。故选C。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Sahajwalla’sinventionadvancesthisideabytakingmaterialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent.(Sahajwalla的发明通过从旧产品中提取材料并创造出不同的东西来推进这一想法。)”可知，Sahajwalla将这一过程称为“第四个R”，即在“减少、再利用、再循环”的基础上再加上“重组”。由此可推知，re-form指的是“用废物产生新材料”。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.(VeenaSahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。)”可知，文章主要介绍了垃圾微型工厂。由此可推知，文章可能出自一本科学杂志。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thinkingaboutthepastweek,didanyofyouforgetwhereyouputyourphone?Didyouhaveawordstuckonthetipofyourtongue?Youcouldn’trememberthenameofthemovieafriendrecommended?Whatisgoingonhere?Isyourmemoryfailing?It’snot.16Despitememory’sextraordinary,necessaryandcommonpresenceinourlives,itisfarfromperfect.Ourbrainsarenotdesignedtorememberpeople’snames,toremembertodosomethinglaterortocatalogueeverythingweexperience.17Eveninthesmartestheads,memoryislikelytobewrong.Sowhatdetermineswhatwerememberandwhatweforget?18Yourmemoryisnotavideocamerarecordingaconstantstreamofeverysightandsoundyou'reexposedto.Youcanonlyrememberwhatyouareconcernedabout.Accordingly,onemajorreasonforforgettingwhatsomeonesaidorwhereyouparkedyourcarislackofattention.Theotherhassomethingtodowithstimulus(刺激物).Forexample,thetipofthetongueisoneofthemostcommonexperiencesofmemoryfailure.19_Whydoesthishappen?Thetipofthetonguecanoccurwhenthere’sonlypartialorweakactivation(激活)ofthenervecellsthatconnecttothewordyou’relookingfor.Sowhenyouwalkintoaroomandsuddenlydon’tknowwhyyou’rethere,you’renotgoingcrazyorgettingAlzheimer’sdisease,andyourmemoryisn’tterrible.Gobacktotheroomyouwereinbeforeyoulandedinthisoneandimaginethecluesthatwerethere.20A.Onenecessaryfactorisattention.B.It’sdoingexactlywhatit'ssupposedtodo.C.Theseimperfectionsaresimplythefactorysettings.D.Ourbrainstendtorememberwhatismeaningfulandforgetwhatisn’t.E.You’retryingtocomeupwithaword,butyoucannotfinditinyourmemory.F.Itwillinstantlydeliverwhatyouwerecompletelyconfusedaboutamomentago.G.Memoryisamazingandisessentialforthefunctioningofalmosteverythingwedo.【答案】16.B17.C18.A19.E20.F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。记忆力非常重要但并非完美，我们总是忘记事情，文章分析了原因并提出一些帮助记忆的建议。【16题详解】第一段末尾提出问题“Isyourmemoryfailing?(你的记忆力失灵了吗?)”，第二段首句“It’snot.”给出否定回答，B项“It’sdoingexactlywhatit’ssupposedtodo.（它在做它应该做的事）”是对上文答语的补充，其中It与上文It一致，都是指代“memory”，下文“Despitememory’sextraordinary,necessaryandcommonpresenceinourlives,itisfarfromperfect.Ourbrainsarenotdesignedtorememberpeople’snames,toremembertodosomethinglaterortocatalogueeverythingweexperience.（尽管记忆在我们的生活中是非凡的、必要的、常见的存在，但它远非完美。我们的大脑并不是用来记住别人的名字的，也不是用来记住以后要做的事情或者把我们经历的每件事都记录下来）”更进一步说明了B项“whatit’ssupposedtodo”的含义。故选B。【17题详解】上文“Ourbrainsarenotdesignedtorememberpeople’snames,toremembertodosomethinglaterortocatalogueeverythingweexperience.（我们的大脑并不是用来记住别人的名字的，也不是用来记住以后要做的事情或者把我们经历的每件事都记录下来）”讲大脑的缺陷，C项“Theseimperfectionsaresimplythefactorysettings.（这些不完美只是简单的工厂设置）”解释了缺陷存在的原因，句中“Theseimperfections”指代上文所述大脑的缺陷，符合上下文连贯。故选C。【18题详解】第二段末尾提出问题“Sowhatdetermineswhatwerememberandwhatweforget?(那么是什么决定了我们记住什么，忘记什么呢?)”提出问题，下文“Yourmemoryisnotavideocamerarecordingaconstantstreamofeverysightandsoundyou’reexposedto.Youcanonlyrememberwhatyouareconcernedabout.Accordingly,onemajorreasonforforgettingwhatsomeonesaidorwhereyouparkedyourcarislackofattention.（你的记忆不是一台摄像机，不是不间断地记录下你所接触到的每一种景象和声音。你只能记住你所关心的。因此，忘记别人说了什么或把车停在哪里的一个主要原因就是缺乏注意力）”分析了遗忘的原因是：缺乏注意力，A项“Onenecessaryfactorisattention.（一个必要的因素是注意力）”回答了上文的问题，也是下文的概括，承上启下，符合上下文连贯。故选A。【19题详解】上文“thetipofthetongueisoneofthemostcommonexperiencesofmemoryfailure.（“一时想不起来”是记忆失灵最常见的经历之一）”提到“一时想不起来”这一现象，E项“You’retryingtocomeupwithaword,butyoucannotfinditinyourmemory.（你试图想出一个单词，但你在记忆中找不到它）”对这一现象进行进一步说明，同时引出下文问题“Whydoesthishappen?（为什么会发生这种情况？）”，符合上下文连贯。故选E。【20题详解】上文“Gobacktotheroomyouwereinbeforeyoulandedinthisoneandimaginethecluesthatwerethere.（回到你来在这个房间之前的那个房间，想想那里有什么线索）”提出找回之前记忆的方法，F项“Itwillinstantlydeliverwhatyouwerecompletelyconfusedaboutamomentago.（它将立即让你想起刚才完全迷糊的事情）”说明了这样做的效果，符合上下文连贯。故选F。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Outsidethebackofthesupermarketwasanelderlylady,holdingabasketofflowersinthecold.“Wouldyoulikesomeflowers?Theyare$3?”sheaskedmeasIwaswalkingpastandI21responded,“No,thankyou.”Iwalkedawayandwentinside.SearchingforwhatIneeded,Ithoughtofthatlady,standinginthecold.22thebeautifulflowersIhadadmired,hergentlevoiceandkindness,Iwonderedaboutherunknown23ofstandingthere.I24myownpersonalstruggles,IhadtobudgetforeverythingandI25even$3wasalotformeatthattime,andprobablyforhertoo.26,itwasn'tmyfirstthoughtwhenshehadaskedmeaboutbuyingherflowers.MyfirstthoughtwasthatIdidn’thavethe27butnotasanexcuse.WhenIwenttothe28topaywithmycard,Iaskedfor$3cashoutfirst.Thestaffmember29meaboutthe$3.Feeling30,ItriedtorememberthemoneyIhadinmyaccountwhenshepressedthebuttontoprocessit.Itwassucharelieftoseeitallhadbeenacceptedbythemachineandthestaffmember31me$3.Iwalkedouttothelady.“Hi,sorry.Unfortunately,Ididn’thavethecashonmethen.Yes,Iwouldliketobuysomeofyourflowers,”Isaid.Igaveher$3asshehandedmetheflowers.Iwas32thatshethenrandomlyaskedmeifIwanted33.Iguessedshewasembarrassedandsaid,“No.Theyareworththemoney.Thankyou.”AsIwalkedaway,IwassecondguessingIcouldhaveofferedhermore.ButwhenIturnedbacktoher,she34andthankedmeagain.I’mthankfulforthisvaluable35we’reallgoingthroughourownproblemsbutkindnessisfreeandnomatterwhatlittlewecandoforothers,itwillalwaysbeappreciated!21.A.seriously B.politely C.confidently D.impatiently22.A.Ignoring B.Buying C.Picturing D.Discovering23.A.story B.secret C.effect D.purpose24.A.benefitedfrom B.gaveup C.putdown D.wentthrough25.A.appreciated B.hoped C.pretended D.agreed26.A.Instead B.Therefore C.However D.Otherwise27.A.right B.courage C.chance D.cash28.A.receptionist B.register C.bankclerk D.cashmachine29.A.informed B.questioned C.reminded D.warned30.A.anxious B.happy C.proud D.desperate31.A.fined B.charged C.lent D.handed32.A.ashamed B.surprised C.excited D.worried33.A.truth B.help C.change D.permission34.A.wandered B.admitted C.whispered D.declined35.A.lesson B.principle C.adventure D.challenge【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.C27.D28.B29.B30.A31.D32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文作者通过讲述生活拮据的自己买花的经历，感悟我们都在经历我们自己的问题，但善良是免费的，无论我们能为别人做什么，将永远被感激!【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我经过时，她问我，我礼貌地回答说:“不用了，谢谢。”A.seriously严重地；B.politely礼貌地；C.confidently自信地；D.impatiently不耐烦地。根据“No,thankyou.”可知我在礼貌的回答。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的脑海里浮现出我曾经欣赏过的美丽的花朵，她温柔的声音和善良的样子，我想知道她站在那里的不为人所知的故事。A.Ignoring忽略；B.Buying买；C.Picturing想象；D.Discovering发现。根据“thebeautifulflowersIhadadmired”可知我的脑海里浮现出我曾经欣赏过的美丽的花朵。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的脑海里浮现出我曾经欣赏过的美丽的花朵，她温柔的声音和善良的样子，我想知道她站在那里的不为人所知的故事。A.story故事；B.secret秘密；C.effect效果；D.purpose目的。根据“Iwonderedaboutherunknown23ofstandingthere.”可知我想知道她站在那里的不为人所知的故事。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我经历了我自己的挣扎，我必须预算所有的事情，我意识到即使是3美元对我来说都是很多的，也许对她来说也是。A.benefitedfrom得益于；B.gaveup放弃；C.putdown放下；D.wentthrough经历。根据“myownpersonalstruggles”可知我经历了我自己的挣扎。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我经历了我自己的挣扎，我必须预算所有的事情，我意识到即使是3美元对我来说都是很多的，也许对她来说也是。A.appreciated欣赏；B.hoped希望；C.pretended假装；D.agreed同意。根据“I24myownpersonalstruggles,Ihadtobudgetforeverything”可知我生活拮据，3美元也是我欣赏，我在乎的钱。故选A。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当她问我要不要买她的花时，这并不是我的第一个想法。A.Instead反而；B.Therefore因此；C.However然而；D.Otherwise否则。上下文之间是转折关系，我虽然生活捉襟见肘，但当她问我要不要买她的花时，我的第一个想法是我没有现金，但不是一个借口。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一个想法是我没有现金，但不是一个借口。A.right权利；B.courage勇气；C.chance机会；D.cash现金。根据“I24myownpersonalstruggles,IhadtobudgetforeverythingandI25even$3wasalotformeatthattime,andprobablyforhertoo.”可知我的第一个想法是我没有现金，但不是一个借口。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我去收银台刷卡时，我先要了3美元现金。A.receptionist接待员；B.register现金出纳机；C.bankclerk银行办事人员；D.cashmachine自动提款机。根据“WhenIwenttothe28topaywithmycard,Iaskedfor$3cashoutfirst.”可知我到现金出纳机处刷卡付款。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：工作人员问我3美元的事。A.informed通知；B.questioned询问；C.reminded提醒；D.warned警告。根据“ItriedtorememberthemoneyIhadinmyaccountwhenshepressedthebuttontoprocessit.”可知工作人员问我3美元的事。故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到焦虑不安，当她按下按钮进行处理时，我试着记起我账户里的钱。A.anxious焦虑的；B.happy高兴的；C.proud骄傲的；D.desperate绝望的。根据“ItriedtorememberthemoneyIhadinmyaccountwhenshepressedthebuttontoprocessit.”可知我感到焦虑不安。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到这一切都被机器接受了，工作人员递给我3美元，我如释重负。A.fined罚款；B.charged控告；C.lent借给；D.handed递给。根据“me$3”可知是工作人员递给我3美元。故选D。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，她随后会随意问我是否想要找零钱。A.ashamed感到羞愧；B.surprised吃惊的；C.excited兴奋的；D.worried担心的。根据“shethenrandomlyaskedmeifIwanted33.”可知这令我很惊讶。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，她随后会随意问我是否想要找零钱。A.truth真相；B.help帮助；C.change零钱；D.permission允许。根据“Iguessedshewasembarrassedandsaid,“No.Theyareworththemoney.Thankyou.””可知她随后会随意问我是否想要找零钱。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我转身向她时，她拒绝了，并再次向我道谢。A.wandered漫步；B.admitted承认；C.whispered窃窃私语；D.declined拒绝。根据“andthankedmeagain.”可知她拒绝了。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很感谢这宝贵的一课，我们都在经历我们自己的问题，但善良是免费的，无论我们能为别人做什么，它将永远感激!A.lesson课；B.principle原则；C.adventure冒险；D.challenge挑战。根据“we’reallgoingthroughourownproblemsbutkindnessisfreeandnomatterwhatlittlewecandoforothers,itwillalwaysbeappreciated!”可知这是我学到的宝贵一课。故选A。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OnJuly19,2013,agirlwhowascomingto10signeduponWeibowiththenickname“frogprincessGuAiling,”andshehaspostedsomepicturesofherdifferentskiing36(compete).ThenicknamecamefromGu’sfirsthelmetwhenshestartedskiing,37wasgreenandhadacrownandapinkhairpinonit,accordingtomediareports.GufirstwentintopublicviewonJune6,2019,whenshe38(announce)onWeibothatshewouldrepresentTeamChinaintheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.Inthesamemonth,Guchangedher39(register)nationalityfromtheUStoChinaontheofficialwebsiteoftheInternationalSnowFederation(FIS).Duetothesensitivityabout40(switch)nationalityandlackofattentiononwintersports,Gudidnotattractmuchen