2025届广东省云浮市云安区高三第二次调研模拟测试英语试题【含答案解析】

2025届云浮市云安区高三第二次调研模拟测试高三英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheOxfordTraditionSummerSchoolforGrades10-12ChooseTheOxfordTraditionprogramifyou’reahighschoolstudentseekinganimmersive(沉浸式的)academicexperienceattheUniversityofOxford.It’ssuitedforstudentswhodesiretochallengethemselvesmentallyandculturallyinahistoricacademicenvironment.Thisprogramoffersstudentsauniqueopportunitytoexperiencelifeatoneoftheworld’smostfamousuniversities.Studentsliveinactualundergraduateroomsandengageinadynamiccurriculumledbyleadingacademicsandprofessors.Thecourseincludesclassroominstruction,workshops,fieldtrips,andotherorganizedactivities.FeaturesRespectedTeachers:LearnfromdistinguisheduniversityprofessorsandexpertsinvariousfieldsEngagingSubjects:ChoosefromawiderangeofcoursesInteractiveLearning:Participateinlivelydebates,discussions,andhands-onprojectsInspiringLocation:Studyintheworld-famousUniversityofOxfordInternationalPerspective:Interactwithstudentsfromdiversebackgrounds,promotingglobalunderstandingCulturalExploration:ImmerseyourselfintherichhistoryandheritageofyourchosenprogramlocationAcademicGrowth:Developcriticalthinking,research,andpresentationskills,preparingforfutureacademicsuccessWhat’sIncluded?AlltuitionandclassmaterialsAccommodation,breakfastanddinnerAirporttransfersFullculturalandactivitiesprogramme,includingshortjourneysaroundDates&FeesFees:$12,225Dates:July-August2025Duration:25daysAgeRange:15-18SignificanceAttheendoftheprogram,studentsreceivedetailedgradereports,valuablefortheircollegeapplications.Thiscourseisnotjustaneducationaljourney;it’salifeexperience,combiningworld-classeducationwithculturalimmersionintheheartofOxford.1.Whatisonecharacteristicofthesummerschoolprogram?A.Interactingwithuniversitystudents. B.Providingacomprehensivecollegeexperience.C.Trainingforindependentlife. D.Ensuringstudents’academicsuccess.2.Howcanstudentsexploreaculturaldestination?A.Theylearnfromexperts. B.Theyparticipateindebates.C.Theyvisithistoricalsites. D.Theycommunicatewithlocals.3.Whatcanstudentsbenefitfromtheprogram?A.Evaluationusefulforcollegeapplication. B.FamiliaritywiththeBritishculture.C.Workingexperienceincutting-edgefields. D.AdmissiontotheUniversityofOxford.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章为牛津传统暑期学校项目的广告，旨在吸引10至12年级的高中生沉浸式体验牛津大学的学术生活。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thisprogramoffersstudentsauniqueopportunitytoexperiencelifeatoneoftheworld’smostfamousuniversities.(这个项目为学生提供了一个独特的机会来体验世界上最著名的大学之一的生活。)”可知，这个项目为学生们提供了在世界上最著名的大学之一体验生活的机会。由此可以推断出，这个项目提供了一次全面的大学体验。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Features下的“CulturalExploration:Immerseyourselfintherichhistoryandheritageofyourchosenprogramlocation(文化探索：让自己沉浸在你选择的项目所在地丰富的历史和遗产中)”可知，学生们将有机会深入了解他们所选择的项目地点的丰富历史和遗产—这是对文化目的地的探索。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Significance下的“Attheendoftheprogram,studentsreceivedetailedgradereports,valuablefortheircollegeapplications.(在课程结束时，学生们会收到详细的成绩报告，这对他们的大学申请很有价值。)”可知，学生们从该项目中获得的评估对大学申请很有用。故选A项。BAttheparkwheremychildrenplay,besidethefishingpond,standsanoaktree.Likeagreatmother,shehaswatchedovermeandmychildrenfortwodecades.CalledaPennOak,thetreeissaidtohavebeenstandingforthreehundredyears.Forfourteenyears,Ihadbeenastay-at-home,baby-wearing,cloth-washing,homeschoolingmom.Onemorningwhilewalking,IcomplainedtomyhusbandthatIdidn’twanttojustbeastay-at-homemomanymore.“Whydon’tyougotocollegeandfinishyourdegree?”hesuggested.Forthatcomment,myhusbandreceivedafive-mile-longearfulofreasonswhyIcouldnotgobacktoschool.Besidesbeingtoobusycrocheting(用钩针编织)diapercovers,Iwasnotcomfortablewiththeideaofgoingtocollegeasamiddle-agedadult.Then,oneday,withachildortwoonmylap,IreadShelSilverstein’sTheGivingTree.Formychildren,itwasastoryaboutaboywhomakesfriendswithatree.Forme,itwasadescriptionofmylifewithaless-than-promisingfuture.Afterthetreehasgivenherapples,branchesandtrunktotheboy,allshehaslefttogiveisaseatonherstumptoanoldman.IunderstoodthatIwasthetreegivingtinypiecesofmyselfawaytomychildren.Whenmystoryended,likethetree,Iwouldbenothingbutasaggingstump.IrealizedIdidnotwanttobetheGivingTree;IwantedtobethePennOaktree.Iwantedtostandtallandstrong,tostretchoutmybranchesandinvitemychildrentoplayanddreambeneathmycanopy.Thissummer,Igraduatedwithhonors.Now,Ihavemorethanapples,branchesandatrunk;Icangivemychildrenwordsandideasthatwilllast.Now,Iamstandingtall-awomanwhommychildrencanadmire.4.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofherhusband’ssuggestionatfirst?A.Itwasreasonable. B.Itwasunacceptable.C.Itgavehermuchhope. D.Itmadeherconfused.5.Whatledtotheauthor’sdecisiontobelikethePennOaktree?A.Alessonfromherlife. B.Herhusband’spersuasion.C.Thechildren’scomplaints. D.HerreflectiononTheGivingTree.6.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Braveandcalm. B.Creativeandhonest.C.Motivatedandwise. D.Independentandstrict.7.Whatmessagedoestheauthor’sstoryconvey?A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B.Tosayisonething,todoisanotherthing.C.Challengescomealongwithopportunities.D.Changeyourthoughts,andyouchangeyourworld.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。作者十几年来一直是一名全职母亲。在阅读了《爱心树》这本书后，她受到启发，决定不再仅仅满足于做一名“把自己奉献给孩子”的母亲，而是要像那棵强壮的“宾夕法尼亚橡树”一样，不仅给予孩子物质上的照顾，还要成为他们的榜样。她重返校园，最终以优异的成绩毕业，实现了个人成长和自我价值的提升。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Forthatcomment,myhusbandreceivedafive-mile-longearfulofreasonswhyIcouldnotgobacktoschool.Besidesbeingtoobusycrocheting(用钩针编织)diapercovers,Iwasnotcomfortablewiththeideaofgoingtocollegeasamiddle-agedadult.(因为这句话，我丈夫收到了一大堆我不能回学校的理由。除了忙于钩针编织尿布套之外，我还不太愿意作为一个中年人去上大学。)”可知，作者给出了很多不能回去上学的理由，包括忙于家庭事务和对作为中年人上大学的不安感。由此可知，作者认为丈夫的建议是没法接受的。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Then,oneday,withachildortwoonmylap,IreadShelSilverstein’sTheGivingTree.Formychildren,itwasastoryaboutaboywhomakesfriendswithatree.Forme,itwasadescriptionofmylifewithaless-than-promisingfuture.Afterthetreehasgivenherapples,branchesandtrunktotheboy,allshehaslefttogiveisaseatonherstumptoanoldman.IunderstoodthatIwasthetreegivingtinypiecesofmyselfawaytomychildren.Whenmystoryended,likethetree,Iwouldbenothingbutasaggingstump.IrealizedIdidnotwanttobetheGivingTree;IwantedtobethePennOaktree.Iwantedtostandtallandstrong,tostretchoutmybranchesandinvitemychildrentoplayanddreambeneathmycanopy.(后来，有一天，我抱着一两个孩子，读谢尔·西尔弗斯坦的《给予之树》。对我的孩子们来说，这是一个关于一个男孩和一棵树交朋友的故事。对我来说，这是对我未来不太乐观的生活的描述。当树把她的苹果、树枝和树干给了男孩之后，她所剩下的就是在她的树桩上给一个老人一个座位。我明白，我就是那棵把自己的一小部分送给孩子们的树。当我的故事结束时，我将像那棵树一样，只剩下一根下垂的树桩。我意识到我并不想成为“奉献树”；我想成为宾夕法尼亚橡树。我想站得又高又壮，伸展我的枝干，邀请我的孩子们在我的树冠下玩耍和做梦。)”可知，作者在读了《爱心树》后，反思了自己的角色：她不想成为书中描述的那种最终只剩下树桩的“奉献树”，而是想成为能够坚强站立并为孩子们提供庇护的“宾夕法尼亚橡树”。由此可知，作者是因为读了《爱心树》这本书思想才发生了转变的。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Then,oneday,withachildortwoonmylap,IreadShelSilverstein’sTheGivingTree.Formychildren,itwasastoryaboutaboywhomakesfriendswithatree.Forme,itwasadescriptionofmylifewithaless-than-promisingfuture.Afterthetreehasgivenherapples,branchesandtrunktotheboy,allshehaslefttogiveisaseatonherstumptoanoldman.IunderstoodthatIwasthetreegivingtinypiecesofmyselfawaytomychildren.Whenmystoryended,likethetree,Iwouldbenothingbutasaggingstump.IrealizedIdidnotwanttobetheGivingTree;IwantedtobethePennOaktree.Iwantedtostandtallandstrong,tostretchoutmybranchesandinvitemychildrentoplayanddreambeneathmycanopy.(后来，有一天，我抱着一两个孩子，读谢尔·西尔弗斯坦的《给予之树》。对我的孩子们来说，这是一个关于一个男孩和一棵树交朋友的故事。对我来说，这是对我未来不太乐观的生活的描述。当树把她的苹果、树枝和树干给了男孩之后，她所剩下的就是在她的树桩上给一个老人一个座位。我明白，我就是那棵把自己的一小部分送给孩子们的树。当我的故事结束时，我将像那棵树一样，只剩下一根下垂的树桩。我意识到我并不想成为“奉献树”；我想成为宾夕法尼亚橡树。我想站得又高又壮，伸展我的枝干，邀请我的孩子们在我的树冠下玩耍和做梦。)”可知，作者在成为全职母亲多年后，对这种生活感到不满意，并寻求改变。她通过阅读《爱心树》这本书，意识到自己不想成为一个仅仅为了满足孩子的需要而牺牲自己的人。她想要成为一个坚强能够支持和鼓励他们的母亲，所以她积极做出改变，并最后义优异成绩毕业，可知这作者是一个积极进取并且聪明的人。故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者最初是一名全职母亲，她的生活围绕着家庭和孩子转。然而，通过阅读《爱心树》，她意识到她不想成为一个最终只剩下树桩的爱心树，而是想成为一个坚强、能够支持和鼓励自己孩子的母亲。这个思想上的转变促使她重返校园，最终以优异的成绩毕业。这个故事展示了思想上的变化是如何激发行动，从而带来个人成长和变化的。故选D。CHaveyoueverbeenverytiredandsleepy,butinsteadoflyingdown,youfindyourselfspendingthosehoursonunproductiveactivitieslateintothenight?Thisisknownasbedtimerevenge(报复性的)procrastination.Thereisaverygoodreasonwhythishappens.Inafast-pacedworldwherewehavelittlefreedomoverourschedules,weareeagerforandcherishpersonaltime.Theonlytimethat’savailableformanyofusisatnight.Weshortenoursleeptogetafewhoursoffreedom.Whatdoesbedtimerevengeprocrastinationlooklike?Oureyesareallgluedtooursmartphones,tablets,laptops,TVsandotherelectronicdevices.Thesehavegreatlyaidedourabilitytopursuebedtimerevengeprocrastination.Theconstantconnectivityandavailabilityofdigitalentertainmenteasilytrapspeopleinacircleoflate-nightscrolling(滚动)orwatching.Thereareseveralpsychologicalfactorsthatcontributetobedtimerevengeprocrastination.Someofthemarestress,anxiety,andwantingtoengageinescapism.Asstresslevelsincrease,weseektemporarydistractions.Onestudyindicatedarelationshipbetweenstressandengaginginprocrastinationbehavior,includingbedtimerevengeprocrastination.Thismeansthatasstresslevelsincrease,sodoesthetendencytoengageinbedtimeprocrastination.Theconsequencesofbedtimerevengeprocrastinationarefar-reaching.Becauseweareconsistentlysacrificingsleep,itdisturbsoursleeppatterns,thequalityofsleepweget,andcanhavenegativeeffectsonourwell-being.Beyondmentalhealth,sleepdeprivation(剥夺)alsoimpactsyourproductivity,decision-making,problem-solvingandattention,whicharebackedupbyresearch.Bedtimerevengeprocrastinationmayprovidemomentsofpersonaltime,butthelong-termconsequencesonsleepandoverallwell-beingaresignificant.Byunderstandingtheimpactofsleepdeprivation,settingboundarieswithtechnology,andusingrelaxationtechniquestocreateasleep-friendlyenvironment,wecanescapethetrapofbedtimerevengeprocrastination.Itisimportanttoattachimportancetothepowerofrestanditisessentialnottosacrificesleepinexchangeforpersonaltime.8.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Byclarifyingadefinition. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Bylistingthefacts. D.Bygivinganexample.9.Whatdopeoplewithbedtimerevengeprocrastinationusuallydo?ATalkingonthesmartphoneconstantly. B.WatchingTVseriesallnightlong.C.Workingwiththecomputersleeplessly. D.Spendingdaytimehoursonthesmartphone.10.Whataretheprimaryfactorsthatleadtobedtimerevengeprocrastination?A.Seekingcontroloverschedules. B.Escapingthestressesofreality.C.Findingpleasureinelectronicdevices. D.Increasinganxietyforthequalityofsleep.11.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Prioritizesleepforwell-being. B.Exchangesleepforpersonaltime.C.Makeuseofmoderntechnology. D.Sacrificesleepforpersonalhobbies.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。本文通过日常生活中出现一系列现象，阐明什么是“报复性就寝时间拖延（bedtimerevengeprocrastination）”，并分析其背后的主要原因，以及“睡眠剥夺（sleepdeprivation）”对人们身心健康的影响，随后指出人们在生活中与科技产品之间划定合理界限的必要性。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Haveyoueverbeenverytiredandsleepy,butinsteadoflyingdown,youfindyourselfspendingthosehoursonunproductiveactivitieslateintothenight?Thisisknownasbedtimerevenge(报复性的)procrastination.(你是否曾经感到非常疲倦和困倦，但你发现自己没有躺下，而是把这些时间花在了毫无意义的活动上，直到深夜？这被称为睡前报复性拖延症。)”可知，先提出一种现象，即人们非常累且困但不睡觉，反而在深夜进行一些无意义的活动，然后给出了“报复性就寝时间拖延症”的概念来定义这种现象，进而引出了文章的话题。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Whatdoesbedtimerevengeprocrastinationlooklike?Oureyesareallgluedtooursmartphones,tablets,laptops,TVsandotherelectronicdevices.Thesehavegreatlyaidedourabilitytopursuebedtimerevengeprocrastination.Theconstantconnectivityandavailabilityofdigitalentertainmenteasilytrapspeopleinacircleoflate-nightscrolling(滚动)orwatching.(睡前报复性拖延症是什么样子的？我们的眼睛都盯着智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、电视和其他电子设备。这些都极大地帮助了我们追求睡前报复性拖延症的能力。数字娱乐的持续连接和可用性很容易使人们陷入深夜滚动或观看的圈子。)”可知，人们在经历“报复性就寝时间拖延”时，往往会将注意力集中在智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、电视以及其他电子设备上。这些设备极大地助长了他们的“报复性就寝时间拖延”倾向（包括B项所述的“整晚看电视剧”）。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thereareseveralpsychologicalfactorsthatcontributetobedtimerevengeprocrastination.Someofthemarestress,anxiety,andwantingtoengageinescapism.Asstresslevelsincrease,weseektemporarydistractions.Onestudyindicatedarelationshipbetweenstressandengaginginprocrastinationbehavior,includingbedtimerevengeprocrastination.Thismeansthatasstresslevelsincrease,sodoesthetendencytoengageinbedtimeprocrastination.(有几个心理因素导致睡前报复性拖延症。其中一些是压力、焦虑和想要逃避现实。随着压力水平的增加，我们寻求暂时的分心。一项研究表明，压力和拖延行为之间存在关系，包括睡前报复性拖延。这意味着，随着压力水平的增加，睡前拖延症的倾向也会增加。)”可知，有几种心理因素会导致“报复性就寝时间拖延”，其中一些是压力、焦虑和逃避现实的想法。因此，B选项“逃避现实的压力”正确。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bedtimerevengeprocrastinationmayprovidemomentsofpersonaltime,butthelong-termconsequencesonsleepandoverallwell-beingaresignificant.Byunderstandingtheimpactofsleepdeprivation,settingboundarieswithtechnology,andusingrelaxationtechniquestocreateasleep-friendlyenvironment,wecanescapethetrapofbedtimerevengeprocrastination.Itisimportanttoattachimportancetothepowerofrestanditisessentialnottosacrificesleepinexchangeforpersonaltime.(睡前报复性拖延症可能会提供一些个人时间，但对睡眠和整体健康的长期影响是显著的。通过了解睡眠剥夺的影响，设定科技的界限，并使用放松技巧来创造一个睡眠友好的环境，我们可以摆脱睡前报复性拖延症的陷阱。重视休息的力量是很重要的，重要的是不要牺牲睡眠来换取个人时间。)”可知，通过了解睡眠不足可能导致的多种健康问题，我们可以学会为科技应用设定合理的界限，并采用特定的放松技巧来营造一个有利于睡眠的环境。这样，我们可以避免陷入“报复性就寝时间拖延”的陷阱。因此，作者暗示了把睡眠问题放在优先地位对健康的重要性，故选A。DForyears,EgyptologistshavedebatedhowthemassivepyramidsofancientEgyptwerebuiltover4,000yearsago.Anewtheorybyengineersandgeologistssuggestsahydraulic(液压的)liftdevicethatusedstoredwatertofloattheheavystonesupthroughthemiddleofEgypt’soldestpyramid.TheStepPyramid,builtforPharaohDjoseraroundthe27thcenturyBCE,wasthetalleststructureofitstime,standingabout62meterstall.Despitenumerousdiscussionsonpyramid-buildingtechniques,howthesemassivestones,someweighing300kilograms,weremovedremainsamystery.Accordingtoastudy,ahydraulicliftsystemconsistentwiththepyramid’sinternalarchitecturecouldexplainitsconstruction.TheresearchteamproposedthatancientstreamsfromthewestoftheSaqqaraplateauflowedintodeep-watertrenchesandtunnelssurroundingtheStepPyramid.ThesewaterswouldhavefilledtheGisrel-Mudir,amassivelimestonestructureactingasadamtocontrolandstorefloodwater.Thiswatercouldhavepoweredahydraulicliftwithinthepyramid’sverticalshaft(竖井),raisingheavystones.Althoughthetheoryisinnovative,someEgyptologistsremainunconvinced.Amorewidelyacceptedtheoryisthatrampsandhaulage(货运)deviceswereusedtopositiontheheavyblocks.Dr.DavidJeffreysofUniversityCollegeLondonarguesthattheancientclimatemaynothavesupportedsuchahydraulicsystem,asitrequiredmorerainfallthanwaslikelyavailable.Thestudy’sauthorsacknowledgedthatthehydraulicliftsystemmightnothavebeenpermanentlyfilledwithwaterbutratheroperatedduringperiodsofflashfloods.Moreresearchisneededtounderstandtherainfallandfloodingduringthatera.PaststudieshavealsoexploredtheNile’sroleinpyramidconstruction.Apreviousstudysuggestedadried-upbranchoftheriverhasbeenusedtotransportlimestoneblocks.WhilethereisevidencethatancientEgyptiansusedscaffolding(脚手架)andmud-brickramps,thereisnodocumentationofawater-poweredlift.Despitethelackofdefinitiveevidence,thehydrauliclifttheoryoffersafreshperspectiveonhowtheancientEgyptianscouldhaveaccomplishedsuchamonumentalfeat.Furtherresearchmayuncovermoreaboutthemethodsusedtobuildtheseiconicstructures.12.Whichisapossiblemethodforbuildingthepyramidsaccordingtothepassage?A.Usingahydraulicliftdevice. B.Usingscaffoldingandmud-brickramps.C.Usingonlyslopesandtransportdevices. D.UsingtheNileRivertotransportlimestoneblocks.13.Whatdidthehydraulicliftsysteminthepyramidrelyontofunction?A.Watertransportedbyslaves. B.ContinuouswaterfromtheNile.C.RainfallfromtheSaqqaraplateau. D.Ancientstreamsandwaterstoredinadam.14.WhyaresomeEgyptologistsunconvincedbythehydrauliclifttheory?A.Theyprefertraditionalmethods.B.Thereisnoarcheologicalevidence.C.Theancientclimatecan’tsustainthehydraulicsystem.D.AncientEgyptianslackedthetechnologyforsuchasystem.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph5?A.Theancientclimatecansupportthehydraulicsystem.B.AncientEgyptiansonlyusedrampsandscaffolding.C.Theevidenceofwater-poweredliftshasbeenfound.D.TheNileRiverwasessentialfortransportingblocks.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了关于古埃及金字塔的建立，工程师和地质学家提出了一种新理论——液压升降装置理论，并介绍相关学者对此的态度。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Anewtheorybyengineersandgeologistssuggestsahydraulic(液压的)liftdevicethatusedstoredwatertofloattheheavystonesupthroughthemiddleofEgypt’soldestpyramid.(工程师和地质学家提出的一个新理论认为，一种液压升降装置利用储存的水将巨石浮起，穿过埃及最古老的金字塔中部)”可知，建造金字塔的一种可能方法是使用液压升降装置。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“TheresearchteamproposedthatancientstreamsfromthewestoftheSaqqaraplateauflowedintodeep-watertrenchesandtunnelssurroundingtheStepPyramid.ThesewaterswouldhavefilledtheGisrel-Mudir,amassivelimestonestructureactingasadamtocontrolandstorefloodwater.Thiswatercouldhavepoweredahydraulicliftwithinthepyramid’sverticalshaft(竖井),raisingheavystones.(研究小组提出，从萨卡拉高原西部流来的古代河流流入环绕阶梯金字塔的深水沟渠和隧道。这些水会灌满吉斯尔·埃尔·穆迪尔，这是一个巨大的石灰石建筑，起到水坝的作用，控制和储存洪水。这些水可以为金字塔竖井内的液压升降机提供动力，提升巨石)”可知，金字塔中的液压升降系统依靠水坝中储存的古代河流的水来运行。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Amorewidelyacceptedtheoryisthatrampsandhaulage(货运)deviceswereusedtopositiontheheavyblocks.Dr.DavidJeffreysofUniversityCollegeLondonarguesthattheancientclimatemaynothavesupportedsuchahydraulicsystem,asitrequiredmorerainfallthanwaslikelyavailable.(一个更被广泛接受理论是，使用斜坡和运输装置来定位巨石。伦敦大学学院的戴维·杰弗里斯博士认为，古代的气候可能无法支持这样的液压系统，因为它需要的降雨量可能比当时可能提供的降雨量要多)”可知，一些埃及学家不相信液压升降理论的原因是古代的气候无法维持液压系统。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“PaststudieshavealsoexploredtheNile’sroleinpyramidconstruction.Apreviousstudysuggestedadried-upbranchoftheriverhasbeenusedtotransportlimestoneblocks.(过去的研究也探讨了尼罗河在金字塔建设中的作用。之前的一项研究表明，尼罗河的一个干涸的支流被用来运输石灰石块)”可知，尼罗河的一条干涸支流被用来运输石灰岩块。由此推知，尼罗河对于运输石块是极其重要的。故选D项。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TipsforPositiveThinkingWhenDepressedIfyou’rewonderinghowtobecomemorepositivewhendepressed,youmayneedsomeactionabletipstogetstarted.___16___Keepapositivejournal.Positivethoughtscanbefewandfarbetweenwhenyouhavedepression.___17___Evenifit’ssomethingassmallasseeingabeautifulflowerorreceivingasupportivetextfromafriend,keeparecordofyourbettermoments.___18___Nexttimeyoufeelhopelessinthefaceofdifficulties,imaginethemostpositiveoutcome.Forexample,youmightdislikehavingdepression,butimaginethatonedayyoucoulduseyourstorytohelpothers—tostartasupportgrouporwriteabook.Askyourselfifyournegativebeliefsarereallytrue.Nexttimeyouobserveanegativethoughtenteringyourmind,askyourself:“Istherebasisforthisthought?”Forexample,hasanyoneevertoldyouthatyouwereaterriblefriendapartfromyourself?___19___Whataboutallthetimesyou’vebeensupportiveorhelpfultothepeopleinyourlife?Holdyournegativethoughtsupforinspectionandyou’llsoonseewhichareworthyourattention.___20___Duringdepression,however,itoftenfeelseasiertohideunderyourcoversandletthenegativethoughtstakeoverthantrytochangeyourpatterns.Trytochallengeyourselfduringyourstrongermomentstotrytofindsomethingtofeelpositiveabout.A.Howmightthatfeel?B.Herearesomeideas.C.Adjustmoodtogetapositiveresult.D.Buildinghealthyhabitscanbehardatthebestoftimes.E.Ifso,isthatperson’sopiniontheonlyoneyoutrulyvalue?F.Takeachallengingsituationandimaginethemostpositiveoutcome.G.Soeachtimeahappyorhopefulthoughtcomesintoyourhead,writeitdown.【答案】16.B17.G18.F19.E20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了抑郁时积极思考的一些建议。【16题详解】前文“Ifyou’rewonderinghowtobecomemorepositivewhendepressed,youmayneedsomeactionabletipstogetstarted.(如果你想知道如何在抑郁时变得更积极，你可能需要一些可行的建议来开始)”提到在抑郁时变得更积极需要可行的建议，后文段落具体介绍了这些建议，空处应该指出有这样一些建议，因此B项“Herearesomeideas.(这里有一些想法)”符合语境，承上启下。故选B。【17题详解】段首句“Keepapositivejournal.(坚持写积极向上的日记)”建议记录积极向上的想法，前文“Positivethoughtscanbefewandfarbetweenwhenyouhavedepression.(当你抑郁时，积极的想法可能很少)”提到抑郁时积极的想法会很少，后文“Evenifit’ssomethingassmallasseeingabeautifulflowerorreceivingasupportivetextfromafriend,keeparecordofyourbettermoments.(即使是看到一朵美丽的花或收到朋友的支持短信这样的小事，也要记录下你的美好时刻)”具体指出很美好的小事也值得记录，空处应该是建议及时记录下那些积极的想法，因此G项“Soeachtimeahappyorhopefulthoughtcomesintoyourhead,writeitdown.(所以每当一个快乐或充满希望的想法进入你的脑海时，把它写下来)”符合语境，呼应段首句，承上启下。故选G。【18题详解】根据后文“Nexttimeyoufeelhopelessinthefaceofdifficulties,imaginethemostpositiveoutcome.Forexample,youmightdislikehavingdepression,butimaginethatonedayyoucoulduseyourstorytohelpothers—tostartasupportgrouporwriteabook.(下次当你在困难面前感到绝望时，想象一下最积极的结果。例如，你可能不喜欢抑郁，但想象有一天你可以用你的故事来帮助别人——成立一个支持小组或写一本书)”可知，本段主要建议想象一下最积极的结果，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与此相关，且需和其他段首句一样使用祈使句的形式。因此F项“Takeachallengingsituationandimaginethemostpositiveoutcome.(面对一个具有挑战性的情况，想象最积极的结果)”符合语境，可统领段落内容。故选F。【19题详解】前文“Nexttimeyouobserveanegativethoughtenteringyourmind,askyourself:“Istherebasisforthisthought?”Forexample,hasanyoneevertoldyouthatyouwereaterriblefriendapartfromyourself?(下次当你看到一个消极的想法进入你的脑海时，问问自己：“这个想法有根据吗”例如，除了你自己，有没有人告诉过你，你是一个糟糕的朋友)”建议在有消极的想法时，质疑自己的想法，向自己提问，后文“Whataboutallthetimesyou’vebeensupportiveorhelpfultothepeopleinyourlife?(那你在生活中支持或帮助别人的时候呢)”依然是提问的问题，空处应该也是一个向自己提问的问题，因此E项“Ifso,isthatperson’sopiniontheonlyoneyoutrulyvalue?(如果是这样，那个人的意见是你唯一真正看重的吗)”符合语境，承接前一句中的问题。故选E。【20题详解】根据后文“Duringdepression,however,itoftenfeelseasiertohideunderyourcoversandletthenegativethoughtstakeoverthantrytochangeyourpatterns.Trytochallengeyourselfduringyourstrongermomentstotrytofindsomethingtofeelpositiveabout.(然而，在抑郁期间，躲在被子里让消极的想法接管比尝试改变你的模式更容易。在你情绪较好的时候，试着挑战自己，试着找到一些让你感到积极的事情)”可知，本段主要指出在抑郁期间改变自己很困难，应在情绪较好时去找让自己感到积极的事情，空处作为段首句，应该与养成积极想法很困难相关，因此D项“Buildinghealthyhabitscanbehardatthebestoftimes.(即使在最好的时候，养成健康的习惯也很难)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortsbespentexploringand____21____somethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?Whyshouldmanyresourcesbespentonspace____22____thanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.Perhapsthebestanswer____23____inourgeneticmakeup(基因构成)ashumanbeings.What____24____ourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoall____25____areasandenvironments?Thewiderthe____26____ofaspecies,thebetteritschanceof____27____.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpand____28____possible.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhas____29____,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,wemaybe_____30_____destroyedbythedanger.Withknowledge,wecan_____31_____itseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential(潜在的)resources_____32_____.Evenifwehaveno_____33_____needofthem,theywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeen_____34_____throughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcan_____35_____thelengthorqualityofourlives.21.A.hunting B.researching C.sending D.waiting22.A.rather B.more C.less D.other23.A.goes B.hides C.falls D.lies24.A.made B.led C.drove D.showed25.A.possible B.horrible C.changeable D.reasonable26.A.exchange B.existence C.appearance D.spread27.A.removal B.survival C.arrival D.refusal28.A.however B.whenever C.wherever D.whoever29.A.explored B.removed C.changed D.survived30.A.surely B.really C.hardly D.completely31.A.deepen B.lessen C.lengthen D.strengthen32.A.found B.wasted C.sent D.used33.A.quick B.full C.much D.immediate34.A.charged B.collected C.acquired D.connected35.A.enlarge B.improve C.exchange D.include【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.D31.B32.A33.D34.C35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人类探索太空的原因，探索太空源于人类基因中的探索本能，有助于识别风险、获取资源与知识，长远看有益生存和发展。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么要花金钱、时间和精力去探索和研究那些明显没有什么好处的东西？A.hunting打猎，搜索；B.researching研究，调查；C.sending邮寄，发送；D.waiting等待。根据空前的“money,timeandeffortsbespentexploringand”和空后的“somethingwithsofewapparentbenefits”可知，这里指花费金钱、时间和精力去探索和研究太空。故选B。22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：为什么许多资源应该花在太空上，而不是地球上的环境和人口上？A.rather相当；B.more更多；C.less更少；D.other另外。根据空前的“space”和空后的“thanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth”可知，这里指许多资源被投入到了太空上，而不是地球的环境和人口上。ratherthan意为“而不是”；morethan意为“比……多”；lessthan意为“比……少”；otherthan意为“除……以外”。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许最好的答案在于我们作为人类的基因构成。A.goes去；B.hides隐藏；C.falls落下；D.lies躺，存在，在于。根据空前的“thebestanswer”和空后的“inourgeneticmakeup(基因构成)ashumanbeings”可知，这里表示最好的答案在于我们作为人类的基因构成，liein意为“在于”。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：是什么促使我们的祖先从树上迁移到平原，并进入所有可能的地区和环境？A.made制造；B.led导致；C.drove驱动，驱使；D.showed表现。根据下文中的“thisgenetictendency”可知，这里是在询问驱使人类从在树上生活到进入其他地方生活的动力，并且下文指出这在于人类基因的倾向。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.possible可能的，可能存在的；B.horrible可怕的；C.changeable易变的；D.reasonable合理的。根据空后的“areasa