Unit+1+Relationships+Lesson+1+Grammar高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性第一册

Unit1RelationshipsLesson1(Grammar)LearningObjectivesPART.01UnderstandthedailystudyandlifeofBritishmiddleschoolstudentsbywatchingvideos.Basedonyourowndailystudyandlife,comparethestudyandlifeinChineseandBritishschools,andfindoutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwo.Talkaboutyourfirstimpressionofhighschoollife,andhaveapreliminaryperceptionofthestudyandlifeintheseniorhighschoolstage.LearningObjectivesDiscoverandmasterthestructureandusageofthepastperfect,andapplyitflexiblyinreal-lifecontexts.Expandvocabularyrelatedtoeducation,personalexperiences,anddailyevents.Thetopicof“pastevents”connectstouniversallifeexperiences,helpingstudentsrecognizesharedculturalnarrativesaboutpersonalstoriesandhowpastactionsshapepresentoutcomesacrosscultures.Developyouranalyticalthinkingbyexploringtherulesofthepastperfect,andstimulatecriticalthinkingthroughtasks.Wheninventingexplanationsforsituations,studentsusecreativitytoapplygrammar.Practicegrammar-in-contextstrategiestomasterthepastperfecttense.Learntoself-checktenseusagebyanalyzingactionsequences.UnderstandthedailystudyandlifeofBritishmiddleschoolstudentsbywatchingvideos.Basedonyourowndailystudyandlife,comparethestudyandlifeinChineseandBritishschools,andfindoutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwo.Talkaboutyourfirstimpressionofhighschoollife,andhaveapreliminaryperceptionofthestudyandlifeintheseniorhighschoolstage.TeachingFocusesandAnticipatedDifficultiesMasterthestructureandusageofthepastperfect,andapplyitflexiblyinreal-lifecontextswithexpandedrelatedvocabulary.Analyzingactionsequencestoself-checkpastperfectusageandcreativelyapplyingthetenseininventedsituationexplanations.Lead-inPART.02Comparewhatthedifferencesarebetweenthefollowingtwosentences.所有人早已收到神秘信件，才来到岛上。——《无人生还》Everyonehadreceivedthemysteriousletterbeforearrivingontheisland.Everyonereceivedthemysteriousletterbeforearrivingontheisland.仅陈述事实：所有人登岛前收到了信。中性语气，不强调动作的先后关系或影响。强调“收到信”发生在“登岛”之前，并暗示这一动作对后续事件（如登岛后的行为）有影响。悬疑语气，隐含“早有预谋”的伏笔。GrammarPART.03Readthesentences.Whichactionhappenedbeforetheotherineachsentence?1.BeforeMrJenkinstaughtme,sciencehadsimplybeenasubjectfullofstrangewordstome.“Sciencehadsimplybeenasubjectfullofstrangewordstome”happenedbefore“BeforeMrJenkinstaughtme”.Readthesentences.Whichactionhappenedbeforetheotherineachsentence?2.Grahamwasverydifficultbeforehecameintomyclass.Ihadheardstoriesabouthisbadbehaviour.“Ihadheardstoriesabouthisbadbehaviour.”happenedbefore“Grahamwasverydifficultbeforehecameintomyclass.”3.IknewIhadchosenajobwithalotofstress.“Ihadchosenajobwithalotofstress”happenedbefore“Iknew”.Pastperfect(过去完成时)一、过去完成时的概念过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前发生的动作或状态，以及对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，强调时间先后关系。WhenIarrivedattheparty,Tomhadalreadyleft.我到派对时，汤姆已经走了。动作顺序：①Tom离开

→

②

我到达二、过去完成时的构成过去完成时由“助动词had(通用于各种人称和数)+过去分词”构成。三、过去完成时的形式1.过去完成时的肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他BythetimeIgottoschool,theclasshadstarted.

我到学校的时候，课程已经开始了。2.过去完成时的否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他Hehadnoteatenbreakfastwhenhelefthome.

他离开家的时候，还没吃早饭。3.过去完成时的被动语态：主语+had+been+过去分词+其他ThenewschoolbuildinghadbeenbuiltwhenIbecameastudenthere.

我来这里上学时，新教学楼已经建成了。4.过去完成时的一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他?

回答方式：Yes,主语+had./No,主语+had+not.—Hadyoufinishedreadingthebookbeforetheclass?

上课前你读完这本书了吗？—Yes,Ihad./No,Ihadnot.

是，读完了

。/不，没读完。四、过去完成时的用法1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。Whenshearrivedatthecinema,themoviehadalreadystarted.

她到电影院时，电影已经开始了。2.还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常用的时间状语有bythen，bytheendof等。Bytheendoflastterm,ourclasshadplantedover100treesintheschoolyard.

到上学期末，我们班已经在校园种了100多棵树

。Bythen,mylittlesisterhadsavedover500yuanfromherpocketmoney.

到那时，我妹妹已从零花钱里存了500多元。3.用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中。Ifshehadstudiedharderlastterm,shewouldhavepassedalltheexams.

要是她上学期学习再努力点，就会通过所有考试了。4.过去完成时也用于hardly...when...,nosooner…than...,Itwasthefirsttime+that(从)等一些固定句型中。Hardlyhadhesteppedintothehousewhenitstartedtorainheavily.

他刚踏进家门，就开始下大雨了。5.表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言、想法等，常用过去完成时。Hehadplannedtogohikingthisweekend,butitrained.

他本打算这周末去徒步，结果下雨了。五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。Bytheendoflastweek,shehadfinishedreadingfiveclassicnovels.

到上周末为止，她已经读完了五本经典小说。（“读完”在“上周末”这个过去

时间前就完成了）Shefinishedreadingapoemcollectionlastnight.

她昨晚读完了一本诗集。（单纯说昨晚发生的动作

）五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别2.在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。Hehadpreparedabigsurpriseforhismom.Hegaveittoherwhenshegothome.

他给妈妈准备了一个大惊喜

。妈妈回家时，他把惊喜送出去了

。（“准备惊喜”

先于“送惊喜/妈妈回家”，所以“hadprepared”是过去完成时，“gave”“got”是

一般过去时。）Readthesentencesagain.Decidewhichtenseisusedtotalkabout:aneventinthepast

aneventthathappenedearlier,beforetheotherpasteventinthestory

simplepasttensepastperfecttenseChoosethesentencethatbestdescribeseachpicture.a.Thefilmbeganwhentheyarrivedat

thecinema.b.Thefilmhadbegunwhenthey

arrivedatthecinema.Choosethesentencethatbestdescribeseachpicture.a.Thepolicearrestedthemanwhowasbreakingintoajewelleryshop.b.Thepolicearrestedthemanwhohadbrokenintoajewelleryshop.Provideanexplanationforthesituations,usingthecuesandthepastperfecttense.Thenaddanotherpossibleexplanation.Example

ThewholeclasscheeredforJohn.(John/winanaward)

ThewholeclasscheeredforJohnbecausehehadwonanaward.ThewholeclasscheeredforJohnbecausehehadrunthefastestonSportsDay.1.Mycarbrokedownonthewaytothebeach.(it/runoutofpetrol)Mycarbrokedownonthewaytothebeachbecauseithadrunoutofpetrol.Mycarbrokedownonthewaytothebeachbecauseithadhitastonehalfway.Provideanexplanationforthesituations,usingthecuesandthepastperfecttense.Thenaddanotherpossibleexplanation.2.Thedoghidunderthesofa.(it/eatthefamily’sdinner)

Mycarbrokedownonthewaytothebeachbecauseithadrunoutofpetrol.Mycarbrokedownonthewaytothebeachbecauseithadhitastonehalfway.3.Acarcrashedintoatree.(driver/fallasleep)Acarcrashedintoatreebecausethedriverhadfallenasleep.Acarcrashedintoatreebecauseithadbrokendown.4.TheSmithswentonaround-the-worldtrip.(MrSmith/getapayrise)TheSmithswentonaround–the–worldtripbecauseMrSmithgotapayrise.TheSmithswentonaround–the–worldtripbecauseMrSmithhadgotapromotion.ExercisePART.04Bythetimethefiremen________(arrive),thebuilding__________(burn)foroveranhour.​She_______________(notrealize)howmuchworktheprojectrequireduntilshe________(start)it.​He__________(apologize)becausehe____________(forget)ourappointmentthedaybefore.​Myparents__________(live)inLondonforadecadewhenthey_______(decide)tomovebacktotheirhometown.Exercise:用所给词的适当形式填空arrivedhadburned​hadnotrealizedstarted​apologizedhadforgottenhadliveddecidedIfhe__________(tak