北京市丰台区2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷

丰台区2024~2025

2025.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90一、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在ThemountainaircarriedahintofcoolnessasUrsulaBannistersteppedontothefamiliartrailleadingtoHighRockLookout.Itwasa shehadkeptfor23yearstohonorhermother’smemory.Thepath, memoriesofpastvisits,seemedtohavewelcomedher.Butthisyear,fate(命运hadotherThepathturneduneven(崎岖的).Herfootcaughtonahiddenroot,andasharpcrack(裂缝)splitthe shotthroughherleg.She ,butthesilenceswallowedhercries.Fearbegantospreadherheartasminutestickedby.Ursulafeltthatachillwormeditswayintoherbones,notjustfromthemountainairbutfromthegrowingsenseofloneliness.Justashopelessnessstartedtotakehold,arustleinthetreesannouncedthearrivalofTroyMayandLaytonAllen.Theirsudden broughtaflickerofhope.Withouthesitation,theysteppedforward.Troycarefullyliftedherontohisback.Laytonwalkedalongside,offeringsupportandconversationtotakehermindoff Astheyjourneyeddownthemountain,Ursula’sfear eased.Troy’ssteadystepsandLayton’scalmingwordscreatedasenseofsafety.LaytonsharedstoriesandlistenedtoUrsula’stalksabouthermother,linkingthe tothedeeperreasonbehindherpresencethere.Atthebottomtheygentlyplacedherintoacarthattookhertothehospital.Lookingatherrescuers,feltdeeplygrateful.Inherdarkestmomentoffearandloneliness,strangershadshownamazing andstrengthUrsularealizedthatevenindarkness,thelightofhumanitycouldshinethrough,creatingmeaningfulbondsbetweenstrangers.Themountain,holdingmemoriesofhermother,becamethestageforanewlesson—thepowerofselfless10.1.A. B. C. D.2A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.ran B.called C.gave D.setA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.二、阅读理解(共16小题；每小题2.5分，共40分阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该Art&Science:FunExperimentstoSciencehelpsartiststrynewideas.Wanttocreatebetterart?Understandthesciencebehindit!Now,let’stryfourexperimentsconnectingscienceandart.WetWallDoyouknowWetWallPainting-paintingonwetplaster灰泥Trythis:Mixcornstarch玉米淀粉andwatertomakestickymixturePaintonit.Themixtureactslikerealplaster-ittakesinpaintwatermakingcolorsThisscientificmethodhelpsartstaybeautifulforhundredsofInkColorAreallblackmarkersthesame?Usefilterpaper(滤纸)tofindout.Drawadotwithablackmarker.Putthepaper’sedgeinwater.Asthewaterrises,itseparatesinkintodifferentcolors.Youmightseeblueoryellow!method,calledcolorseparation,helpsmakeperfectinkCreamArtMakecolorfulpatternswithshaving剃须cream.Spreadcreamonaplate,addfoodcoloringdrops.Mixcolorswithastick.Presspaperontop.Thesoapinthecreamhastwospecialparts-someattractwater,otherspushitaway.Whenpressed,thesespecialpartslockincolorsinvariouspatterns,andeachpatternlooksnewanddifferent!MovingPictureMakeaflipbook翻页书withstickynotes.Drawsmallchangesoneachlikeaballbouncing弹跳Flipthepagesquicklytoseethemovement!Largechangesbetweenpicturesmakethemovementbroken;smallchangesproducesmoothmovingimages—exactlyhowcartoonmovieswork.ThisshowshowourbrainsmightusevisualcluestofillinmissingTheseexperimentsshowwhatsciencehastodowithart.Byunderstandingscience,artistscancompletetheirworksmorecreatively.WhatmaterialsareusedinWetWallWaterand B.FilterpaperandC.Creamandfood D.StickynotesandWhichofthefollowingexperimentsisInkColor Theflipbookexperimentmainlyshows waystocreatesticky B.thesciencebehindcartoonC.howtouseclearervisual D.howtodrawlargerchangesonWhatisthemainpurposeoftheTodevelopscience B.ToshowscienceinC.Toofferart D.ToexplainscienceSiaGodikawas13whenshenoticedthebarefootchildrenofconstructionworkersatabuildingsitenearherhouseinBangalore.“Theirfeetwerebare.Cracked.Hard.Dirty.Bleeding,”reflectsSia,now17.“Theywerejustwalkingaroundthatbuildingsitelikeitwasaneverydaypracticeforthem.”AnditwasatthatmomentthatSiarealisedthetroublingcontrasttoherownprivilege(特权).Laterthatyear,withthehelpofherparentsandcommunityvolunteers,foundedSoleWarriors,anorganizationthatworkstoprovideshoestothoseinneed.Ithasamotto:“Donateasole(鞋底saveasoul.”Theidea,whichstartedasadinnerconversationwithherparents,quicklygrew.AfterSiaspreadthewordwithpostersandWhatsAppgroups,messagesfrompeoplewhowantedtohelpcamefloodingin.Formonths,Siawasjuggling同时应付schoolworkandhernewpassionproject.“Iwasuptill2am.creatingExcelsheetstoseewhichapartmentbuildingswecouldapproachfordonationsandcontactingpeople.”Initsfirstdonationdrive,SoleWarriorscollectedandgaveout700pairsofshoes.Todaythatnumberstandsataround28,000acrossfourcountries,includingtheUnitedStates,ChinaandLiberia,thankstothehardworkofacoreteamofabout80volunteers.Buttheorganization’sgrowthwasn’twithoutitschallenges.Whenitcametolookingforcollaborators(者),themaindifficultywasfindingacompanythatwouldfreeofchargedotherepairsandcleanuptheshoestolooklikenew,Siafacedoneproblemafteranotherbeforefindingapartner.“Beinga13-year-old,Ididfacealotofbias(偏见),becauseatmyage,peoplewerelesswillingtohearmeout,”saysSia.Inrecognitionofherimpact,in2021SiawasgiventheDianaAward,oneofthemostrespectedhonoursayoungpersoncanreceive.Butherworkisn’tdone.“Ourgoalhasalwaysbeentotouchamillionfeet,”shesays.HowdidSiafeelwhenshesawchildrenwalkingA. B. C. D.WhatwasthebiggestchallengeSiametindevelopingSoleLackofvolunteer B.FindingacompanytorepairshoesforC.Collectingenoughdonated D.BalancingherschoolworkandcharityWhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDeterminedand B.HonestandC.Generousand D.GiftedandWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefortheSoleWarriors,Bright B.AJourneyofaThousandC.Walkinginsomeoneelse’s D.BarefootChildren’sBigMakingpredictionsblocksthebrain’sabilitytorememberthepresentmoment,newresearchsuggests.Thehippocampus,abrainstructureusuallyassociatedwithrememberingevents,alsousesexperiencestomakeforecasts(neuroscientistscallthis“statisticallearning”).ButscientistswritingintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademySciencesUSAhavenowdemonstratedthatthelatter(后者functioncaninterrupttheResearchersshowedparticipantsaseriesofphotographsonascreenwithouttellingthemsomeimagecategoriesalwaysfollowedothers:mountainsalwayscameimmediatelyafterbeaches,forexample.Thesubjectswereintendedtosubconsciously潜意识地learntheseassociationsandbegintoexpectthesepairings.Later,theparticipantswereshownthesamephotosagain,mixedinwithnewexamples,andwereaskediftheyhadspottedanyofthemTheyaccuratelyrecalledseeingrandomimagesatamuchbetterratethanthe“predictive”ones(likethebeachThescientistsrepeatedthisprocesswhilescanningparticipants’brainswithfunctionalMRI.Eachimagecategorycausedaspecificneuralactivitypattern,andthepatternsfor“predicable”categorieswereseeninthehippocampuswhenthecorrelatingpredictivecategorywasdisplayed.Moreover,theeffect’sstrengthinfMRIcorrelatedinverselywithparticipants’memorytaskscores.“Themoreevidenceforpredictionwesaw,thetheirmemorywasforthosepredictiveitems,”suchasaparticularbeachscene,saysstudyleadauthorandYaleUniversitycognitiveneuroscientistBrynnSherman.Thissuggeststhatpredictiveimagesactivatedthehippocampustoshiftgearstowardprediction—andawayfromencodinganewmemory.Thestudyisamongthefirsttodemonstratehowmakingpredictionsaffectshumanmemory.Scientistspreviouslysuspectedthatthehippocampushadaroleinstatisticallearningbuthadnotknownhowitinteractswithmemoryformation.“Thispaperisareallynicedemonstrationofthetrade-offwherethehippocampusisdoingboththesethings,”saysUniversityofVirginiacognitiveneuroscientistNicoleLong,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.Theteamsaysthistrade-offoccursbecauserememberingandpredictingbothusesomeofthesamebiologicalpathways.Inthepaper,theauthorscompareitwith“usingone’srightfoottooperateboththebrakeandgaspedalsinacar...butnotbothatthesametime.”Thissetupcouldpreventunnecessarymemorystorageandthusbrainpower,Shermansays:asuccessfulpredictionwouldcontainthesameinformationasanactualWhatdoestheresearchfocusAThefunctionofthehippocampusinrememberingB.TheimpactofmakingpredictionsonhumanC.ThedevelopmentofstatisticallearningintheD.TherelationshipbetweenrepetitionandmemoryWhatdoestheunderlinedword“inversely”inParagraph3 B.C. D.InParagraph5,thecomparisonisusedto clarifydifficultiesinbrain B.explainthebrain’smultipleC.highlighttheimportanceofthe D.showhippocampus’sswitchingWhatisthebesttitlefortheTheSecretsofthe B.Prediction:AMemoryC.TheScienceofStatistical D.TheBrain’sMemoryandPredictionAmidrollingfarmsandgreenpasture150milesnorthwestofSaoPaulo,Brazil,twotropicalforestsbloomasone.Thefirstconsistsofasinglespecies,rowafterrowofnon-nativeeucalyptuses(桉树),plantedinperfectlineslikecarrots.Theotherishaphazard,amixtureofdozensofvarietiesofnativesaplings.There’snodenyingit:Thisforestlooksridiculous.Yetthese2.5-acrestandsofnativetrees,ringedbyfast-growingexotics(外来植物),areamongmanypromisingeffortstobringbacktheplanet’sforests.Theeucalyptuses,saysPedroBrancalion,theUniversityofSaoPauloagronomistwhodesignedthisgetbigsoquicklytheycanbecutafterfiveyearsandusedtomakepaper.Thatcoversnearlyhalformoreofthecostofplantingtheslow-growingnativetrees,whichthennaturallyreseedgroundthathasbeenlaidbarebytheharvest.Andthisprocessdoesn’thampernaturalregeneration.Youneedn’tlookfarthesedaystofindorganizationstryingtosavetheworldbygrowingtrees.Yettoomanyplantingcampaigns,forestexpertssay,stillgettoomuchwrong.Toooften,theyaresofocusedongettingcreditforeachseedlingplantthattheyignorewhatmattersmost:Whatkindofwoodlandiscreated?Atwhatcost?Andmostimportantly:Howlongwillitlast?Usingthenumberoftreesplantedasamagic“proxyforeverything,”Brancalionsays,you“spendmoremoneyandgetlowerlevelsofsuccess.”Treeplantingseemslikeasimple,naturalwaytocounterthecrisesofclimatechangeandbiodiversityloss.Treesprovidewildlifehabitatsandabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Nowondertreesarepraisedastheidealweapon.However,simplyreforestingtheplanetisn’tgoingtodomuchifwedon’talsostartcuttingdownonouremissionsfromtheburningofcoal,oil,andnaturalgas.Treeplantingalsocan’treplaceold-growthforests.Sowhatshouldwedo?ToBrancalion,theanswerisobvious:Restorenativeforests,mostlyinthetropics,wheretreesgrowfastandlandischeap.Thatmayrequireplanting.Butitalsomaycallforclearingexoticgrasses,fixingsoils,orimprovingcropyieldsforfarmerssothatlesslandisneededforagricultureandmorecanbeallowedtogobacktoforests.WithresourceslimitedandnotimetospareBrancalionsays,jump-startingnaturalprocessescanhelp.Incases,ifweletnaturedotheheavylifting,hesays,“theforestcanregrowquiteWhatdoestheauthorintendtodobydescribingthetwoforestsnearSaoIntroducea B.JustifyaC.Givea D.HighlightanWhatdoestheword“hamper”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablyGetintheway B.TakecareC.Keepup D.DoawayWhatcanyouinferfromtheRestoringnativetreescanbefastandFast-growingtreesboostspeciesWecanpracticallymisstheforestforthePlantingtreesworkswondersfortheclimateWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthePlantmoretrees-andsolveclimate B.Plantmoretrees-butdefendtheC.Plantmoretrees-andtimewill D.Plantmoretrees-butletnaturetakeits三、阅读回答问题(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分WhenIwasayoungster,mymotherwouldsay,“Gooutsideandplay.”AndIwould,withalltheotherkidsintheneighborhood.Welearnedalotaboutnatureandourselvesplayingoutside.Foronething,wequicklylearnedtorecognizepoisonivy.AfewyearsagoIwasfortunatetobeaskedtojointheadvisorycommitteeofChildrenandNatureNetwork(C&NN).ThisisagrowingorganizationcreatedbyauthorRichardLouv.Hisbook,LastChildintheWoods,becameabest-selleraspeoplerealizedwehaveagenerationofchildrensoconnectedtoelectronicsthattheyarelosingtheirconnectiontonature.AsLouvwrites,“Wearefastapproachingagenerationofchildrenwherenochildwillhaveplayedoutdoors.”Natureismorethanplantsandanimalsweobserveeachday.Natureisasharedspiritofbeingwithallthings.Throughnaturewelearnthateverythingiscyclical,thatlifebeginsandlifepasses,andthateverylifeisinbalancewithallotherlifeforms,andeachonehelpstheotherfulfillitsessentialpurpose.MyneighborsembodytheactionsandnaturephilosophythatLouvsuggestsinhisbook.Theyplant,theyplay,andtheyteachtheirchildrenthatnaturehasherpurpose.Theyliveoutthephilosophythatwearepartofnature,whenweabuse(滥用)her,weabuseSpendingtimeoutdoorsbothinlonelinessandatplayisanimportanteducationforchildren.Theoutdoorsencouragesaninnerconnectiontonature,andifyoustaythereforalittlewhileinsilence,youwillseeallthenaturalconnections.Youwillconnecttothechlorophyll叶绿素ofplants,theflightofinsectsandbirds,theawarenessmammals哺乳动物andespeciallytheknowingoftheearthInShakespeare’sAsYouLikeIt,theDukeintheForestofArdensays:“...therearetonguesintrees,booksinrunningbrooks,sermons(诉说)instones,andgoodineverything.”HowdidtheauthorlearnaboutnatureandherselfwhenshewasWhatproblemdoesRichardLouvpointoutinhisHowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentence“whenweabuseher,weabuseourselves”inParagraphWhatbenefitscanwegetfromspendingtimeWhatcanyoulearnfromtheDuke’swordsinShakespeare’s四、任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分MystoryintothegreatAsanewmigrant移民toAustralia,thefirstthingthatIwantedtodowastoexploreitswideopenspacesandnaturalbeauty.Oneday,IoverheardacolleaguetalkingaboutacyclingtrailcalledTheMundaBiddithatrunsthroughthebush(丛林).Iresearchedonline.Thetrailwasstillnew,andmobilephonecoveragealongtheroutewaspoor.Mymapreadingskillswouldbeputtothetest.However,Iwasfitandenthusiastic.Idecidedtogiveitatry.Earlyinthemorning,Isetoff.Itdidn’ttakelongbeforeIrealisedjusthowhotitwas.IdrankwatercontinuallyandthefirstthingIdidwhenIarrivedatthefirststopwastochecktherainwatertank.IwasrelievedtofindthatithadwaterandIrefilledmybottles.Surprisingly,Isawveryfewrecententriesthere.Bymidday,IfollowedthetrailtomysecondstopatNglangBoodjaHut.Afterawhile,thetrailmarkersbecamedifficulttofind.WithoutaGPS,Iwasbecomingconcernedaboutgettinglost.Evenworse,Ihadn’tmetanycyclistsalongtheAseveningdrewnear,IrealisedthatIwasquitelost.Istoppedandtriedtomakesenseofthemaps.TheoriginalplanwastostayovernightatatouristparknearLogueBrookDam,whereIwouldtryandcontactmywife,butIhadnoideawhereIwas.Wearily,Igotup,remountedmybikeandstartedtodoublebackinthehopeoffindinganytrailmarkers.Aftermovingslowlyforaboutonehour,Iwasdelightedtoseecycletracksthatlookedrecent.Encouraged,Icycledon,keepingasharpeyeonthetracks.However,Isoonrealisedthattheyweremyown!IwascoveringthesameDiscouraged,Istoppedandlaymybike.Ihadnomorewater,andmytonguefeltswollen.It’sgettingdark.Asuddenwarmgustofwindstirredme.Iwidenedmyeyesandheardthedistantsoundofamotor,butthesounddisappeared.AwhilelaterIhearditagain,closer.Iforcedmyselfupandwalkedtowherethesoundwascoming.AsItoppedthehill,IsawLogueBrookDam,withboatstowingwaterskiersandpeoplerelaxingundertrees.Ireturnedtomybike,pusheditupthehill,andfreewheeleditstraightintothebeautifulcoolwatersoftheMystoryintothegreatThestorytookplacealongtheMundaBiddicyclingtrailintheAustralianbush.It’sabeautifulbutchallengingareawith32mobilephonecoverageandnoGPS.AsanewmigranttoAustralia,hewasfitandadventurous,withastrongdesireto hisnewcountry.However,hehadlimited readingskills.Ashebegancycling,thestrong madehimfeelthirsty.Whenhereachedthefirststopandfoundwater,hefeltrelieved. ontoNglangBoodjaHut,hebecame asthetrailmarkerswerehardtosee.Thingsget whenherealisedhe’slostandhadnowaterleft,makinghimfeeldownan