2026版正禾一本通高三一轮总复习英语（北师版）-任务1　补全“首、中、尾”快解阅读七选五

任务1补全“首、中、尾”，快解阅读七选五命题人常在段首、段中和段尾三个位置进行挖空。位置不同，所起的作用也不同；同时命题人利用设空位置的暗示和空处上下文的提示，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。专家说考情学霸说对策2024年新高考Ⅰ卷有4个小题考查段中句，1个小题考查段首句；2024年新高考Ⅱ卷有3个小题考查段中句，2个小题分别考查段首句和段尾句；2023年新高考Ⅰ卷有4个小题考查段中句，1个小题考查段尾句；2023年新高考Ⅱ卷有3个小题考查段中句，2个小题分别考查段首句和段尾句。新高考阅读七选五对标题句的考查较少，对细节句的考查侧重上下文的衔接，所以应关注空前空后关键句中的关键词和衔接过渡词汇。考生做题时，一看结构(设空位置)；二析逻辑；三找词语(词汇复现)。类型1段首设空题真题示例2024·全国甲卷节选40Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陈代谢)，whileeatingsmall，healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday.Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14－16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.Studiessuggestthateatingonlywhenyou'remostactiveandgivingyourdigestivesystemalongbreakeachdaymayhelptoregulateweight.A．Eatproperlythroughouttheday.B．Wedon'talwayseatjusttosatisfyhunger.C．Don'tswallowamealonthewaytowork.D．Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E．Instead，surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F．Formanyofus，moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G．Thatwon'tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.【解题分析】设空处位于段首，是段落主题句。下文“Ahealthybreakfastcanstart...untilbreakfastthenextmorning.(健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛。避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14—16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要饮食适当。”适合作本段的主题句。故选A项。【图解技巧】1．段首句的特点2．三法定乾坤【关键点拨】段首句往往是段落的主题句或段落小标题，也有可能是上段总结句或段落间的过渡句。1．先看是否是段落主题句或段落小标题①设空在段首，如果设空处恰好处于段落小标题的位置，则该处应为段落小标题，此时可根据本段内容与小标题相符和小标题句式一致原则做出选择。②设空在段首，如果设空处恰好处于段落主题句的位置，则该处应为段落主题句，此时可根据本段内容做出选择。2．再看是否为上段总结句或段落间的过渡句从近几年高考试题来看，段首句有时候不是段落主题句，而是上段总结句或者段落间的过渡句。因此考生不能只看设空位置，一定要跳出段落看上下文的逻辑关系。类型2段中设空题真题示例2024·新高考Ⅰ卷节选Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose­byonmydesk：dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.37Ofcourse，thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses，butI'mold­fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.A．Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B．Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C．ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D．Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E．Ofcourse，adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F．Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G．Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【解题分析】设空处位于段中，是过渡句。上文“Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器；下文“Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionaries...withmyfingers.”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。【图解技巧】1．细节句2．过渡句【关键点拨】段中设空题属于对主题句的展开。考生应尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接。段中设空的特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。解答此类试题时考生首先应确定所缺的句子是细节句还是过渡句，对于这两类句子，应采用不同的方法来解题。类型3段尾设空题真题示例2023·新高考Ⅱ卷节选●Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There'snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllives，portraits，orlandscapes，paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.37A．Getoutofyourcomfortzone.B．Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C．Don'tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D．Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E．You'llhitroadblocks，andyou'llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F．Evaluateyourperformanceand，ifneeded，redefineyourrole.G．You'lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.【解题分析】设空处位于段尾，是总结句。根据前文“Whetheryoupaintstilllives，portraits，orlandscapes，paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.(无论你是画静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能多地写生。)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，G项“You'lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.(你将培养出只有重复才能得到的绘画肌肉记忆。)”讲到这样做的目的和好处，是对前文的总结。故选G。【图解技巧】【关键点拨】段尾句通常是结论性、概括性语句，也有可能是段落间的过渡句。一般而言，当段尾句是段落间的过渡句时，注意选项中的内容是否与前后文在同一主题上意义一致或形成对立、对比关系，衔接关系。A(2025·贵阳高三质检)Howtokeepyourhousecoolintheheat?Asstayingcoolinthesummercanbeexpensive,herearesomeenergyefficiencytipstohelpkeepyourhousecomfortablewithoutbreakingthebank.Plantforshade.Youcanplaceclimbingplantsortall­growingbushesonoutsidewalls.1.．Besides,althoughsouth­facingwindowscanabsorbheat,strategically­placedplantsortreescanalsoregulatethesun'srays.2．．Double­glazedwindowsareknownforitsabilitytokeephomescomfortableinwinter,butitcanalsobebeneficialduringwarmermonths.Suchenergy­efficientwindowscombineinsulatedvinylframes(隔热乙烯基框架)withlow­emissivitycoatings.Thisnotonlyreducesheatlossinwinterbutalsodeflectstheheatfromthesun,preventingyourhomefrombecomingtoohotandcreatingacomfortableindoorenvironment.Gowiththeairflow.3.．Wheninstallingnewwindows,considerthewindow'sdesignandlayoutfornaturalventilation(通风).Awningwindows,positionedhighonabuilding,canprovideventilationevenduringrainandforcewarmairout.4．．Usinganordinaryfancanenhanceairflowatalowcostbyforcingoutwarmthanddrawingincoolerair.Identifycoolpocketsinyourhome,likeabasement,andusefanstodistributethecoolairevenly.Tolivecomfortablyinwinterandsummer,installanair­sourceheatpump.5.．A．ClosethewindowsB．InvestinqualitywindowsC．GobacktobasicsanduseafanD．ThisincreasesheatandmakesyouwarmE．ThiscancreateshadingandreduceheatF．It'shelpfultobemindfulofhowyourhomeinteractswiththeenvironmentG．Itprovidesheatinginwinterandfunctionsasanair­conditioningunitinsummerB(2025·福州高三第一次质检)HowtoBeMoreInterestingNooneisboringandnooneneedstobeperfect.Butmaybeyoufeelthatyouareboringandneedtobemoreinteresting.1.Ifyou'relookingtobemoreinteresting,thenyou'vecometotherightplace.Loosenupandbenatural.Onereasonwhymanypeoplefailtobecomeinterestingpeopleisthattheyworrytoomuchoverthesmallthingsanddon'tcomeacrossasnatural.Theireffortbackfires(产生事与愿违的结果)onthem,becausetheyarejusttryingtoohard.2.Livealifeonedayatatime.Bepositiveandoptimistic.Interestingpeoplearehappypeople.Thisisoneofthereasonswhywefindthemsointeresting.Whetherweadmititornot,wewanttoknowhowandwhyhappypeoplearesohappy.3.Buildanopenpersonality.Beavailabletotheworldandlookforexcitementinsteadofwaitingforittofindyou.Celebrateflexibilityanda“justgowithit”attitude.Oftentimespeoplearen'tinterestingbecausetheyarereserved.4.Ofcourse,tosomeextent,thisistrue,butyoucanalsotakethistoofar.Byholdingbacktoomuch,you'relimitingyourpotentialandintheprocessofbecominglessinteresting.Themorereservedyouget,themorestatic(停滞的)yourlifeis.5．Beinginterestingmeansdoingthingsyou'veneverdonebeforeandbeingwillingtosharethoseexperienceswithotherpeople.Peoplewhoareboringanddullnormallypossessaverysmallcomfortzone.Sotrytoconstantlyexpandyourcomfortzoneanddareyourselftotrynewthings.Thisisthequickestpathtobecomemoreinteresting.A．Expandyourcomfortzone.B．Trytostayrelaxedandflexible.C．Agoodlaughcouldbethebestmedicine.D．Beinginterestingalsoinvolveshighintelligence.E．Manypeoplefeeltheyneedtoholdbacktoprotectthemselves.F．Moreover,noonereallywantstobearoundanegative,unhappyperson.G．Beinganinterestingpersonissomethingthatcanbelearnedandpracticed.参考答案：[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了几个让房子在天气炎热时保持凉爽的方法。1．E[上文提到在外墙上种植攀爬植物或高大的灌木，故空处承接上文，说明这么做的目的，即提供阴凉，减少热量。故E项符合语境。]2．B[本段讲双层玻璃窗以其在冬季保持室内舒适的能力而闻名，但在较温暖的月份它也有益。这种节能窗户结合了隔热乙烯基框架和低辐射涂层。这不仅减少了冬季的热量损失，还转移了来自太阳的热量，防止你的家变得太热，创造了一个舒适的室内环境。由此可知，本段主要介绍了双层玻璃窗，对应A、B项中的windows。由本段语境可知B项“购买优质窗户”符合语境。]3．F[后文谈到安装新窗时，应考虑窗的设计和布局，以保证自然通风。位于建筑物高处的遮阳篷窗户，即使在下雨时也能提供通风，并将热空气排出。由此可知，后文主要举例说明了家里的布局要注意和环境的互相作用关系，故F项“注意你的家与环境的相互作用是有帮助的”符合语境。]4．C[后文说到使用普通风扇可以通过排出热量和吸入较冷空气来以低成本增加气流。再结合本段的“usefan