2026版正禾一本通高三一轮总复习英语（人教版）-主题素养练（四）

(时间：30分钟满分：35分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分)A(2025·豫西北教研联盟第一次质量检测)Trainingwascruel,asPennyLeeDeanpreparedforwhatwouldbearecord­settingswim—regardlessofsex—acrosstheEnglishChannelin1978.“Yourhandscramp(痉挛)，andyourlegscramp，”sheremembers.Whilethecoldwasbone­chilling,overcomingithasbeenessentialtohersuccessasarecord­breakingswimmer.Anabilitytotolerateextremecoldisoneoftheadvantagesthatwomenmayhaveinthissport,astheirdistributionoffatishelpfulforregulatingbodytemperatureincoldwater.Deanbelievesthatanyupperhandwomenmighthaveinopen­waterswimmingoverlongdistancesismoreaboutmentaladaptationandtheabilitytobeardiscomfortthanaboutinsulation(隔绝).Inultradistanceevents,theabilitytohandlemorefactors,fromweathertopain,becomesparticularlyimportant.Infact,womencanoutperformorperformsimilarlytomeninarangeofcompetitiveevents.Fromultrarunningtoshootingsports,insomecompetitionswomenhavetheedge．CassioRippel,theISSFAthletesCommitteeChair,saysthatwhilemen'smusclestendtogivethemmorestayingpower,women'slowerbodymassandlowercentreofgravity,onaverage,allowthembetterbalancecontrol.Therifle(步枪)eventsarethemostsex­balancedofthethreetypesofshootingeventsintheOlympics,accordingtoRippel.Thecentury­longhistoryoftheOlympicsisalsoahistoryofthegrowthoffemaleempowerment.Anincreasingnumberoffemaleathleteshavebrokengenderbarriers,achievingremarkablesuccessintraditionallymale­dominatedsports.TheParisOlympicsarethefirstOlympicstohaveequalnumbersoffemaleandmaleathletes.Thisisalsoanopportunitytothinkcarefullyaboutwhatgapsininclusionstillremain.Whilemuchofthescienceofsexandperformancemaybeunsettled,onethingthat'sveryclearisthatmoreresearchneedstoinvolvewomen.Thepathtowardgreaterinclusionhasnotbeenstraight,andmorequestionsthananswersremainabouttheroleofsexinathleticperformance.[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了女性在一些竞技运动如长距离游泳和射击中可能具备的优势，包括耐寒能力和心理适应能力。1．WhatchallengedidDeanfacewhenbreakingtherecord?A．Thelongdistance. B．Thelowtemperature.C．Theextrabodyfat. D．Theintensetraining.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“Trainingwascruel,asPennyLeeDeanpreparedfor...sheremembers”可知，1978年PennyLeeDean准备横渡英吉利海峡，这将是一项打破纪录的游泳活动，她的训练非常残酷。手会抽筋，腿也会抽筋。再根据第二段的“Whilethecoldwasbone­chilling...asarecord­breakingswimmer”可知，克服寒冷是她成功打破纪录的关键。由此可知，Dean在打破纪录时面临的挑战是低温。故选B项。]2．Whatadvantagesmaywomenhaveinlongandopen­waterswimming?A．Strongawarenessaboutkeepingwarm.B．Superiorflexibilitytotoughsituations.C．Inborntalentforlongdistanceswimming.D．Absoluteconcentrationonswimmingpath.B[细节理解题。根据第三段“Deanbelievesthatanyupperhandwomenmighthave...theabilitytohandlemorefactors,fromweathertopain,becomesparticularlyimportant”可知，Dean认为，女性在开放水域长距离游泳中的优势更多的是心理适应能力和承受不适的能力，这表明女性在应对困难情况方面具有更强的灵活性。故选B项。]3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“havetheedge”inParagraph4mean?A．Appearweaker. B．Seemconservative.C．Takethelead. D．Showlesspressure.C[词句猜测题。根据第四段的“womencanoutperformorperformsimilarlytomeninarangeofcompetitiveevents”可知，在一系列竞技项目中，女性的表现可以超过男性，或者与男性表现相似。再根据画线词下文的“whilemen'smuscles...women'slowerbodymassandlowercentreofgravity,onaverage,allowthembetterbalancecontrol...intheOlympics”可知，男性的肌肉往往能给他们带来更大的耐力，而女性体重较轻和重心较低能让她们更好地控制平衡。步枪项目是奥运会三种射击项目中性别最平衡的项目。由此可知，从超跑到射击比赛，女性往往能够更胜一筹。因此画线短语应意为“更胜一筹”，takethelead与其意思相近。故选C项。]4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Women'spotentialinsports.B．Sportssuitableforwomen.C．Viewsongenderandsports.D．FemalesintheOlympics.A[主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了在一些竞技体育项目中女性相对于男性更具优势。A项“女性在体育方面的潜力”；B项“适合女性的运动”；C项“对性别和体育的看法”；D项“奥运会中的女性”。A项最能概括文章大意。]B(2025·武汉市部分学校高三年级调研考试)OlympicathletespoureverythingintotrainingfortheGames,routinelypushingtheirphysicalandmentalboundstothelimit—andbeyond—forashotatagoldmedal.Yettheyareoftenaccompaniedbyanemotionalcomedown.Emotionsareheightenedbythenatureoftheeventitself.TheOlympicsareamassiveculturalevent—acombinationofglobalpublicattention,financialinvestmentandmediacoverage.Newinternationalcelebritiesarecreated,andsomecompetitors'reputationsareruinedduringvariousaccusations.Athletesareunderthepressureofrepresentingtheircountryandwinningmedalsinfrontofworldwideaudience.“ButthenallofthatpublicityandintensityaroundbeinganOlympianfallsoffveryquickly，”saysCogan,aleadsportspsychologist.It'smoreaboutmakingamapofhowtogettoadestination.Onceyougetthere,it'slike,“Nowwhat？”A2023paperexplainedtheidentitycrisesathletesfaceasaresultofoverfocusonperformanceleavingtheirnon­sportingpersonalitiesunderdeveloped．Ina2018paper,Howellswrotethatathleteswithagreater“myopic”focusaremoreatriskofthe“blues”．“Itiscommonfortopcompetitorstohavethisveryhighathleticidentity，”saysHowells.“They'vesacrificed(牺牲)everyotheraspectoftheiridentityforthepurposeofbeinganOlympian.Theyseemunabletorealizethattheiractionsmighthavenegativeconsequencesinthefuture.”Effortstominimizethismindsethavehelpedsomeathletestoopenupmoreabouttheirmentalhealth.ExpertsadviseOlympianstostartconversationsaboutmentalhealthwellbeforetheGamesbegin.Olympiansshouldalsodiscussmentalhealthmonitoringstrategiesbefore,duringandaftertheGames.Athletesandexpertssaythesportingindustryhas,inthelastdecade,beenpromotingbetterwork­lifebalanceoutsideofthegame.Briana,asoccergoalkeeper,saysthatherteamandcoachesactivelyencouragespendingqualitytimewithfamiliesandsignificantothers,aswellasfindinghobbiesthatfeeljoyfulandrewarding.[语篇解读]本文是说明文。主要介绍了奥运会运动员在高强度的训练和比赛后，往往会经历情绪上的低谷。专家建议奥运会运动员在比赛开始前就进行有关心理健康的交谈，并在比赛前后制订心理健康监测策略。5．WhatisthemaincauseforOlympicathletes'mentalbreakdown?A．Asenseofloss.B．Thepressureofcompetition.C．Themediacoverage.D．Theaudience'sattention.A[细节理解题。根据第二段“‘ButthenallofthatpublicityandintensityaroundbeinganOlympianfallsoffveryquickly，’saysCogan...Onceyougetthere,it'slike,‘Nowwhat？’”可知，首席运动心理学家Cogan认为，随后(比赛后)，作为一个奥运选手所受到的所有关注和压力很快就会消失。这更像是制作一张如何到达目的地的地图。一旦你到达那里，就会想，“那接下来呢？”，所以比赛前后出现了很大的心理落差，故选A。A项中的loss与原文中的“fallsoff”是同义转换。]6.eq\a\vs4\al([新命题：推断生僻词＋合成词])Whatdoestheunderlinedword“myopic”inParagraph3mean?A．Ridiculous.B．Short­sighted.C．All­around.D．Unexpected.B[词句猜测题。根据第三段首句“A2023paperexplainedtheidentitycrisesathletesfaceasaresultofoverfocusonperformanceleavingtheirnon­sportingpersonalitiesunderdeveloped”可知，一篇2023年的报告对由于过度关注运动表现而阻碍运动员非体育人格完善发展所造成的身份危机作出了解释。画线词所在句表明，Howells在2018年的报告中指出，那些更“myopic”地专注于运动的运动员更容易感到沮丧。因此，画线词“myopic”应与过度专注于某个方面(即“短视”)相关。故选B。short­sighted“目光短浅的，无远见的”。]7．Whatmightbeafundamentalsolutiontotheathletes'identitycrisis?A．Havinghigherathleticidentity.B．Discussingtheirproblemspublicly.C．Developingasenseofidentityoutsidethesport.D．Makinggreaterachievementsinsportingindustry.C[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A2023paperexplainedtheidentitycrisesathletesfaceasaresultofoverfocusonperformanceleavingtheirnon­sportingpersonalitiesunderdeveloped”可知，运动员的身份危机是由于过度专注于运动表现而导致他们的非体育人格发展不足。因此，根本的解决方案应是发展运动之外的身份认同。第四段提到的“promotingbetterwork­lifebalanceoutsideofthegame”也暗示了选项C，即在运动之外发展自我认同感。]8．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．FromBadtoWorse:Athletes'Well­beingB．OlympicAthletesSufferingfromStressC．AthletesAdaptingtoPost­OlympicPeriodD．FromHerotoZero:thePost­OlympicBluesD[主旨大意题。文章重点讨论了奥运会运动员在赛后面临的情绪低落和身份危机问题，并提供了应对策略。D项“从英雄到无名小卒：后奥运忧郁症”不仅提到了文章关注的问题“Post­OlympicBlues”，还概括了从“英雄到无名小卒”这一主要原因，与文章内容高度契合，因此作本文标题最佳。]Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)eq\a\vs4\al([新选材：体育和德育双重体现])AspinalinjurydashedAdrianaRuano'shopesofcompetingintheOlympicsasagymnast.However，shefounda1pathtogloryinshooting，2Guatemala'sfirst­evergoldmedalonWednesday.AtthegymRuanowas3the2011WorldChampionshipsin4，adecisivequalifierfortheLondonOlympics，whenshebeganexperiencingseverebackpain.Scans(扫描检查)5sixdamagedvertebrae(椎骨)，aninjurythatendedhergymnastics6atjust16.Shespentayear7，wearingabacksupport.Herdoctorsuggestedshetryshootingifshewantedtostayinvolvedin8withoutworseningherinjury.“WhenIhadmyinjury，Ididn'thaveanything.Istartedtoget9anddiscouraged.Thenthedooropenedformewiththissport，”Ruanosaid.Morethanadecadeafter10fromgymnasticstoshooting，Ruano'sperseverancepaidoff.OnWednesday，shewonthewomen'strapeventwithanOlympic­recordscoreof45outof50.Ruano11hervictorywithadeepbreathanda(n)12shottohither43rdtarget，ensuringthatItaliansilvermedalistSilvanaStancocouldn'tsurpass(超越)her.AdrianaRuano13historyforGuatemala！Theshooteristhefirstgoldmedalistandthefirstfemalemedalistforhercountry.HerjourneytoParis2024gloryisa(n)14one，includingacompletelydifferentsportandaneye­openingexperienceasa15．Ruano'sjourneybacktoelitesportsbeganwithavolunteeractivityatthe2016OlympicsinRiodeJaneriro.[语篇解读]本文是新闻报道。椎骨受伤让危地马拉运动员AdrianaRuano的体操梦化为泡影，但她在射击运动中找到了一条通往荣耀的新途径，并在2024年巴黎奥运会中斩获金牌。1． A．smooth B．narrowC．new D．traditionalC[根据上文的“asagymnast”和下文的“inshooting”可知，曾经是体操运动员的AdrianaRuano在射击中找到了一条通往荣耀的新(new)途径。smooth“顺利的，无困难的”；narrow“狭窄的”；traditional“传统的”。]2． A．winning B．expectingC．seeing D．tellingA[根据第五段的“OnWednesday，shewonthewomen'strapevent”可知，周三，Ruano赢得了危地马拉的第一枚金牌。]3． A．waitingforB．preparingforC．talkingabout D．worryingaboutB[根据上文的“Atthegym”和空后的“the2011WorldChampionships”可知，体育馆中，Ruano正在为2011年世界锦标赛做准备，故选B(preparefor“为……做准备”)。waitfor“等候”；talkabout“谈论”；worryabout“担心”。]4． A．shooting B．gymnasticsC．swimming D．tennisB[根据下文的“aninjurythatendedhergymnastics”可知，那时的Ruano还是一名体操运动员，所以她要参加的是体操(gymnastics)比赛。]5． A．produced B．curedC．broke D．showedD[此处表示扫描检查显示(showed)有六块椎骨受损。cure“治愈，治好”。]6． A．career B．classC．application D．callA[根据下一段中的“Herdoctorsuggestedshetryshooting”可知，椎骨受损结束了Ruano的体操生涯(career)。application“申请”。]7． A．training B．thinkingC．recoveringD．writingC[上文讲Ruano椎骨受伤，再结合下文的“wearingabacksupport”可知，她穿戴护背进行康复(recovering)。]8． A．literature B．medicineC．arts D．sportsD[gymnastics和shooting都属于运动，此处表示如果她想要在不加重伤势的情况下继续参加运动(sports)，Ruano的医生建议她尝试射击。literature“文学”。]9． A．desperate B．nervousC．happy D．curiousA[根据上文的“WhenIhadmyinjury，Ididn'thaveanything”和空后的“anddiscouraged”可知，空处的词在