高中 英语 译林版（2019）Grammar and usage（练习含解析）

5/6SectionⅡGrammarandusage维度一：品句填词将下列句子改为被动语态。1.Anunknownvirushasattackedmycomputerveryquickly.→2.Thesideeffectsofthenewdrugareunderresearch.→3.Theteachersaretestingstudentsontheirknowledgeoffitness.→4.Thecompanyhasgivenitscomputersawaytoalocalschool.→5.Inthatarea，theworkersarebuildingasupermarketthesedays.→维度二：语法与写作用被动语态完成下列句子。1.Thepatient.病人正在动手术。2.Suchathing.从来没有听说过这样的事。3.Thedatesofeachcourse.每门课的日期都由老师们印在报纸上。4.Thismobilephone.这部手机已经使用两年了。5.Howlong？这部电影已放映多长时间了？6.Thisdictionarymustn’t.不能从图书馆拿走这本词典。维度三：语法与语篇阅读下面短文，根据括号内的汉语提示完成语篇。Asisknowntoall，waste1.（已经成为一个越来越严重的问题）.Wecaneasilyseemanypeopledonotturnoffthelightsafterusingthem；manydisposableproducts2.（正在被使用）inourdailylives；somegoodfood3.（已经到处可见）inthegarbagecan.Intheoffice，someequipmentisoftenonforalongtimebutnobodyisusingit.What’sworse，4.（大量的纸张已经被浪费了）.Inmyopinion，weshouldcallonmoreandmorepeopletofightagainstwaste.Ⅰ.阅读理解AThefinaleventintheOlympicsisthemarathon.Itisalsousuallythemostexciting.Astheleadercomesintothestadiumtorunthelastfewmetersofthe42-kilometerrace，thecrowdrisestoitsfeettoshoutandcheer.Thenameoftheracecomesfromabattle（战争）inAncientGreece.Accordingtothestory，asoldierranfromthebattlefield，Marathon，toAthens，tobringthenewsofaGreekvictoryagainstthePersians.Hediedjustafterarriving.ThemarathonhasbeenanOlympiceventsincethemoderngamesstartedin1896.Atfirstthedistancewas40kilometers—thedistancebetweenMarathonandAthens.In1908，however，attheLondonOlympics，itwaschanged.TheKingofEnglandwantedtherunnerstoleavefromhiscastleinWindsorandarriveinanewstadiumincentralLondon.Thedistancewas26miles—about42kilometers.Infact，the1908marathonendeddramatically（戏剧性地）.Whentheleader，anItalian，enteredthestadiumheturnedthewrongwayandfellontotheground.Officialspickedhimupandhelpedhimtothefinishingline，justasthesecondrunner，anAmerican，enteredthestadium.TheAmericansprotested（抗议）andintheendtheAmericanrunnerwasdeclaredthewinner.Sincethen，therehavebeenmanymoreexcitingmarathons.Infact，youdon’thavetowaitfortheOlympicGamestorunorwatchamarathon，astherearemarathonsinoversixtycountriesandhundredsofcitiesaroundtheworldtoday.OneofthemostfamousmarathonsisinNewYork，andiswatchedbytwomillionpeoplearoundthestreetsandacrossthebridgesofthecity，andpastNewYork’sfamouslandmarks.ButperhapsoneofthemostbeautifulanduniquemarathonseveristheGreatWallMarathon，whichmostcompetitorsfindisthetoughestcoursetorun.ThemarathonisthefinalOlympiceventbecauseitisthoughttobethehardest.Butexpertsbelievethatmostpeople—evenpeoplewhoarenotverygoodatsport—canrunamarathon，iftheytrainforit.1.Whatdidthecrowddowhentheleadercameintothestadium？（）A.Theystoodupquietly.B.Theyshoutedwithexcitement.C.Theycarriedhimtotheline.D.Theycriedsadly.2.Howisthesecondparagraphdeveloped？（）A.Byfollowingtimeorder.B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Byfollowingspaceorder.D.Bygivingreasons.3.Whatdoweknowaboutthemarathonaccordingtothepassage？（）A.ThenameoftheracecomesfromabattleinGreece.B.TheMarathonshavethesamelengthallthetime.C.TheGreatWallMarathonistheeasiestcoursetorun.D.Peoplenotgoodatsportcannotrunamarathonunlesstrained.4.Whichisthemostspecialmarathonmentionedinthepassage？（）A.TheMarathoninLondonin1908.B.TheGreatWallMarathon.C.TheMarathoninNewYork.D.TheMarathonin1896.BPowerwalking，alsoreferredtoasspeedwalking，isanaerobic（有氧的）activitythatcanbedonejustaboutanywhereoranytime.Anindividualwhoparticipatesintheactivitytravelsatapacethatisfasterthanwalkingbutslowerthanjogging.Apropertechniqueforpowerwalkingincludestakingsmallbutquickpaceandlandingontheheels，withtoesaimedata45-degreeanglefromtheground.Speedisproducedbyflexibility（柔韧性），notlongpace.Witheachstep，thewalkerrollshisorherfeetforwardandthrusts（猛推）fromthetoestostartanewstep.Thisthrustgivesawalkermoreforceandpower.Witheachstep，thewalkerkeepshisorherarmsbentata90-degreeanglewhilekeepingaclosedfistandmakingacurvedmovefromthewaisttothechest.Thewalkerrepeatsthemovewhileallowinghisorherarmstoswing，whichhelpstokeepalightpaceandusesmorecalories.Theactivityprovidesmanybenefitsforwalkers.Powerwalkinghelpsbuildupmusclesandburncalories.Itcanalsohelptocontrolanindividual’sweightandcanenhancetheimmunesystem.Itimprovesphysicalfitness，whichmayhelplowertheriskofinjury；italsolowersstresslevels，andcanhelpprovideacomfortablenight’ssleep.Powerwalkingcanalsoimprovethecardiovascular（心血管的）system.Beforebeginningtheactivity，anindividualshouldcheckwithhisorherdoctor.Awalkershouldalsomakesureheorshehascomfortablefittingshoesbeforeengaginginwalking.Shoesthatarelightandflexiblecanpreventsorenessandtingling（刺痛）inthefeetandtoes.Abeginnerwilloftenwalkupto30minutes，whileapersonmoreadvancedinthetechniquecanengageintheactivityforuptoanhour.5.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1？（）A.Tooffersomequestions.B.Toprovidesomeexamples.C.Toexplainwhatpowerwalkingis.D.Tomakeacomparisonwithjogging.6.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthetext？（）A.Landingonthetoesfirst.B.Keepingthewholebodyrelaxed.C.Walkingwithsmallbutfaststeps.D.Keepinghisorherarmsbentata45-degreeangle.7.Whatcanwelearnaboutpowerwalkingaccordingtothetext？（）A.Anyonecandothesport.B.Itcanbenefitbodyandmind.C.Thereisnotimelimitwhendoingpowerwalking.D.Sportsshoesareamustwhendoingpowerwalking.8.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken？（）A.Ahealthmagazine.B.Atravelbrochure.C.Abiologytextbook.D.Anadvertisementcolumn.Ⅱ.阅读七选五Sportsday！Thesetwowordscaninspirebothjoyandfearintheheartsofstudentseverywhere.9.（）Andit’salsothechancetobagaprizeortwo.Forothers，itmightfeellikehavingtotakepartinsomethingtheyaren’tgoodat.Today，moreandmoreschoolshaverecognisedtheimportanceofexercise.Manyofthemhavenon-competitivesportsdays.Theyhopethatbymakingsportsdayslesscompetitive，childrenofallabilitieswillbeencouragedtotakepartwithoutfearoflosing.Exerciseandfitnessareimportantforeveryone，nomatterhowgoodatsportyouare.10.（）However，somepeoplefeelthatit’simportantthatsporthaswinnersandthatlearningtoloseisjustasimportantaslearninghowtowin.11.（）Particularly，onasportsdaywhenthisisyourchancetoreallyproveyourself！12.（）Accordingtoa2017surveybyFamiliesOnlines，82%ofparentssaytheyprefer“traditional”competitivesportsdays.Manyadultsfeelthatchildrencanlearnvaluablelessonsinbothwinningandlosing.It’salsoanopportunityforsomechildrentoshowofftheirphysicalandsportingskills.Peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhetheritisthewinningorthetakingpartthatcountswhenitcomestoschoolsportsdays.13.（）Wewanttoknowyourideas.A.What’sthepointifnoonewins？B.Shouldsportjustbeaboutwinning？C.Formany，thesportsdaycanbeagreatdayoffun.D.So，shouldSchoolSportsDaybecompetitiveornot？E.Everyoneshouldbecelebratedfortryingandplayingtheirpart.F.Therearelotsofpeoplewhoagreewiththeidea—parentsinparticular！G.Manyparentsareworriedthattheirkidscangetinjuredwhendoingsports.Ⅲ.完形填空Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething？School？Afriend？Atutor？Theseareall14placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyoureallywant15somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthechanceofseeingthisfirst-handata16.Mydaughterplaysonanamateur（业余的）soccerteam.Theydidwellthisseasonandso17atournament，whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome18experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams19trained.Throughthefirsttwogames，herteamdidnotgetoneshotatthegoal.Asaparent，I20seeingmydaughterplayingherbest，21stillbeingdefeated.ItseemedthatsomethingclickedamongthegirlsbetweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey22fortheirSundaygame，theywere23different.Theybegantoapplyallkindsofplaysandteamworktheyhadseenthedaybeforetotheir24.Theyplayedmuchbetterand25scoredagoal.It26methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat27momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.28isthebestteacher.Thelessonstheylearntmaynotbedifferentfromwhattheywouldgetinschool，butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful，becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.14.（）A.public B.traditionalC.official D.special15.（）A.passes B.worksC.lies D.ends16.（）A.trip B.holidayC.weekend D.square17.（）A.won B.enteredC.organized D.watched18.（）A.painful B.strangeC.common D.practical19.（）A.less B.poorlyC.newly D.better20.（）A.imagined B.hatedC.avoided D.missed21.（）A.if B.orC.but D.as22.（）A.dressedup B.showedupC.madeup D.gaveup23.（）A.slightly B.hardlyC.basically D.completely24.（）A.styles B.trainingC.game D.rules25.（）A.even B.stillC.seldom D.again26.（）A.confused B.struckC.reminded D.warned27.（）A.touching B.thinkingC.encouraging D.learning28.（）A.Experience B.IndependenceC.Curiosity D.InterestⅣ.语法填空American-bornflyingdisc（飞盘）sportisplayedwithaflyingdisc.Recentlytheactivityhasbecomeoneof29.mostpopularemerging（新兴的）sportsinChina.“Iwasunderthe30.（impress）thatitwasonlyatoyforchildrenandpets，”saysQuXinchen，30，ofBeijing，31.startedplayingwiththeflyingdiscsinApril2022.“Theideathatitwasacompetitivegamewithsocialfunctionsnevercrossedmymind.”Qusayshewentwithfriendstoagamefornewplayers.“Itwasquite32.（enjoy），andwehadacoachwalking33.（we）throughtherulesandbasicskills.”Quplayswithflyingdiscswithhisfriendstwiceaweekandhasbeentoevents34.（organize）byfourdifferentclubsacrossthecapital.On7July2022，China’sGeneralAdministrationofSport35.（announce）thefirstChineseFlyingDiscLeague.Thelowthreshold（入门）forplayingintermsofagelimitsandequipmenthasbothhelpedincreasethepopularityoftheflyingdiscinChina.ZhangKun，anexperiencedplayerandorganizer36.eventsinBeijing，sayssocialmediaplatformsandonlineinfluencersplayedapositiveroleinpromoting（推广）thesport.“Thesportiseasy37.（pick）upandunderstand，”hesays.“Yourattentionisfixedontheflyingdisconceit38.（throw），andyoumayfeelyou’reflyingtoo.”SectionⅡGrammarandusage基础知识自测维度一1.Mycomputerhasbeenattackedbyanunknownvirusveryquickly.2.Thesideeffectsofthenewdrugarebeingresearched.3.Studentsarebeingtestedbytheteachersontheirknowledgeoffitness.4.Itscomputershavebeengivenawaybythecompanytoalocalschool.5.Inthatarea，asupermarketisbeingbuiltbytheworkersthesedays.维度二1.isbeingoperatedon2.hasneverbeenheardof3.havebeenprintedbytheteachersinthenewspaper4.hasbeenusedfortwoyears5.hasthisfilmbeenshown6.betakenawayfromthelibrary维度三1.hasbecomeamoreandmoreseriousproblem2.arebeingused3.hasbeenseeneverywhere4.agreatdealofpaperhasbeenwasted素养能力提升Ⅰ.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了奥运会的最后一个比赛项目——马拉松赛跑，以及马拉松的起源、变化和有趣的故事等。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的Astheleadercomesintothestadium...itsfeettoshoutandcheer.可知，当领跑者走进体育场时，人群兴奋地叫喊起来。2.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的Themarathonhasbeen...attheLondonOlympics，itwaschanged.可知，第二段是按照时间顺序展开的。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Butexpertsbelievethatmostpeople...iftheytrainforit.可知，不擅长运动的人不经过训练是跑不了马拉松的。4.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Butperhapsoneofthemostbeautiful...thetoughestcoursetorun.可知，长城马拉松是最特别的马拉松。语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是疾走、疾走的好处以及参加疾走健身活动的注意事项。5.C目的意图题。第一段主要介绍疾走是一项什么样的运动。6.C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，C项符合题意，文中的smallbutquickpace表示“小而快的步伐”，与C项中的smallbutfaststeps同义。7.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，疾走不仅对我们的身体有益，在精神方面也可以帮助我们减压并有益于睡眠。8.A文章出处题。本文主要介绍了疾走这项运动并说明疾走对我们的身体很有好处，在身心方面能让我们更加健康。文章最后还给了读者一些关于参加疾走健身活动的注意事项。综上所述，本文最可能出现在健康杂志上面。Ⅱ.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们对运动会是否要设定输赢规则的不同观点。9.C上文提到了学生喜欢运动会和恐惧运动会这两种情况；下文Forothers，itmightfeellikehavingtotakepartinsomethingtheyaren’tgoodat.讲述了学生恐惧运动会的情况，所以设空处应提到学生喜欢运动会的情况。故C项（对许多学生来说，运动会那天是充满乐趣的一天）符合语境。10.E上文讲述竞争性不太强的运动会让所有孩子不必担心失败，尽情地参与，这是它的益处，E项（每个人都应该因作出努力和发挥自己的作用而受到赞扬）承接上文，符合语境。11.A上下文讲述了赢的重要性，A项（如果没有人赢，那又有什么意义？）体现了支持运动会有必要设置输赢规则的人对赢的看重。12.F由设空处位置可知，设空处起到引领全段的作用，是对本段的高度概括。根据下文可知，本段是在讲述大部分人都同意上文提到的观点，特别是父母。F项符合语境。13.D根据空后的Wewanttoknowyourideas.可推断，设空处应是提出了一个问题；再根据空前一句可知，本段主要是在讨论在学校运动会中是赢重要还是参与重要，所以应该是对此进行提问。D项符合语境。Ⅲ.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的女儿所在的球队入围锦标赛。虽然在与强手角逐的比赛中失利，但是善于吸取教训的孩子们在周日的比赛中进球了。通过这次经历，作者感悟到通过亲身实践得来的经验更加富有意义。14.B根据上文的Afriend？Atutor？可知，这些都是传统意义上的学习途径。15.C根据somewhereelse可知，此处表示有可能你真正想要学习的东西在别处。