高考英语二轮教师用书第1部分专题2技法2依据文中和选项中的“词汇”线索

技法2|依据文中和选项中的“词汇”线索1．连接性词语连接性的词语可表明段落间、句际间的语义逻辑关系。例如：(1)承接关系：so，therefore，thus，consequently等；(2)并列关系：first，second；firstly，secondly；first，next，then；inthefirstplace，inthesecondplace；foronething，foranother等；(3)转折关系：however，though，yet，inspiteof，inanycase，whoever，whatever，onthecontrary，otherwise等；(4)对比关系：incontrast，inparison，ontheotherhand等；(5)层递关系：also，furthermore，similarly，inaddition，what'smore等。[考题回放](2016·北京高考)Sometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward，theriskseemsworthtaking.71Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestus.Why?us.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.F．However，wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.[思路分析]空格前说“因为当我们权衡风险和回报时，风险好像是值得的”，由weightheriskandthereward可锁定F项中的weighrisksandrewards，F项意为“然而，我们并不是都用同样的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”，符合上下文语境，为转折关系。2．词汇复现复现是指作者在文章上下文的不同位置对同一概念进行重复描述。复现主要有同义词复现、近义词复现和反义词复现等。[考题回放](2017·浙江高考)34.Limityourtime.Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn'tbelongerthantenminutes.Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed，moveontothenextperson.Makesurethatasyougofrominterviewtointerview，youaregettingavarietyofanswers.Ifeveryoneisgivingyouthesameanswer，youwon'tbeabletouseit.Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten.35F．Thatnumberofinterviewsshouldgiveyoualltheanswersyouneed.[思路分析]选项F“这一数量的采访应该能给你你所需要的全部答案”中的thatnumberofinterviews与空格前的asafenumberofinterviewstoconduct(采访的保险数量)前后照应。故选F项。[考题回放](2017·浙江高考)Theman­on­the­streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthespot.31Butwiththesetips，yourfirstman­on­the­streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy.D．Fornewreporters，thiscanseemlikeachallengingtask.[思路分析]由空格后的but以及canbeeasy可以反推，该空讲的应该是街头采访并非易事。选项D“对于新手记者，这可能像是一项有挑战性的(challenging)任务”符合语境。故选D项。3．属相同范畴的词汇[考题回放](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup，considerrearrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily，savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes，shoes，andbags.38That'saquarter­hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.G．Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafétogetcoffee.[思路分析]本段开头的Rethink与G项中的Reconsider属相同范畴的词汇，可以锁定G项。由空格后的boughtacoffeemaker和G项“重新考虑你用在咖啡馆排队买咖啡的15分钟”可验证答案。4．属上下位包含关系的词汇[考题回放](2016·四川高考)39Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowgenesinfluenceaging，buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman'sbodycellshaveatendency(倾向)toagemoreslowlythanaman's.Othersthinkthataman'sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.40.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.C．Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.[思路分析]由空格后的genes可锁定C项中的femalegenes，代入后，符合语境，可作为本段的主题句。5．冠词和代词[考题回放](2017·北京高考)Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight，makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.73Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections，orsynapses，inthebrainsof12mice.Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep，showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.F．“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning，”saysGiulioTononi，whodevelopedtheidea.[思路分析]由下段首句中的heisright可推知，空格处应该包含一个人的某种观点，由此可锁定F项“GiulioTononi说睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价”。[考题回放](2016·四川高考)38Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygetsicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Themoncoldisagoodexample:women，onaverage，getfewercoldsthanmen.D．Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.[思路分析]本段说的是女性的身体优势。空格后的They是解题关键，综观各选项，只有D项的主语Thefemalehormones可以是they所指内容。做本题时应关注代词they和选项中定冠词the表达的含义。6．特殊疑问词[考题回放](2017·湖北省八校联考)Whenwerechopsticksinvented?Infact,beforetheinventionofchopsticks,Chineseancestorsactuallyusedhandstoeat,buthowdidtheyeatsoupandporridge？36Chinesestartedtousechopsticksabout3，000yearsagointheShangDynasty.