河南省信阳市商城县多校联考2024-2025学年高二下学期7月期末英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省信阳市商城县多校联考2024-2025学年高二下学期7月期末英语试卷第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AContrarytopopularbelief,winterisactuallyagoodtimetotravel.Below,you’llfindrecommendationsforthebestplacestovisitinwinterintheUSA.Sequoia(美洲杉)NationalPark,CaliforniaThisparkisfamousforitsgiantsequoiatrees.Andthoughit’simpressivetowalkamong250-footsequoias,snowshoeingorcross-countryskiingthroughGiantForestGrovewhenthetoweringtreesaredustedwithsnowispuremagic.Accommodation:ThecentrallylocatedVisaliaMarriottisjust40minutesfromtheparkgate.Charleston,SouthCarolinaStartyourweekendgetawayonahistoriccarriageridedowntownincoldwinter.Clip-cloppastthecity’schurches,seewheretheystoredallthegunpowderbackinthe1700sandlearnaboutCharleston’spast.Accommodation:Locatedinthecity'shistoricheart,theCharlestonPlacehotelfeaturesplushroomsandexcellentdining.Keystone,ColoradoSkireportwebsiteOntheSnowratesitthetopresortforfamilies,thankstofreeparking;ski-in,ski-outlodgings;akids-ski-freeprogram;andbeginnerterrain(地形).Accommodation:KeystoneLodgeandSpahascozymountain-inspiredroomsandlofts,aheatedoutdoorpoolandhottub.ParkCity,UtahLocatedjust40minutesfromSaltLakeCity,thelargestskiresortintheUnitedStatesisknownforitslight,drysnow,sunnyskiesandvarietyofterrain.Accommodation:Marriott’sSummitWatchisanaffordableoptionlocatedrightinParkCity,anditoffersaccessiblerooms.1.WhatwilltravelersdoinCharleston?A.Walkalonggiantsequoiatrees. B.Skithroughsnow-coveredforests.C.Explorethehistoriccity. D.Swiminaheatedoutdoorpool.2.Whichdestinationgiveskidsachancetoskiforfree?A.SequoiaNationalPark. B.Charleston.C.Keystone. D.ParkCity.3.Whatdothefourdestinationshaveincommon?A.Theyarelocated40minutesfromthenearbycity.B.TheyarefamousnationalparksintheUSA.C.Theyoffercarriageridesatweekends.D.Theyofferarangeofcold-weatherfun.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐了几个美国冬季最佳旅游景点。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Charleston,SouthCarolina部分的“Startyourweekendgetawayonahistoriccarriageridedowntownincoldwinter.Clip-cloppastthecity’schurches,seewheretheystoredallthegunpowderbackinthe1700sandlearnaboutCharleston’spast.(在寒冷的冬天乘坐历史悠久的马车开始你的周末之旅。咔嗒咔嗒地经过这座城市的教堂，看看他们在18世纪储存火药的地方，了解查尔斯顿的过去。)”可知，游客在Charleston可以探索这座城市的历史。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Keystone,Colorado部分的“SkireportwebsiteOntheSnowratesitthetopresortforfamilies,thankstofreeparking;ski-in,ski-outlodgings;akids-ski-freeprogram;andbeginnerterrain.(滑雪报告网站OntheSnow将其评为最适合家庭的度假胜地，这要归功于免费停车；住宿；儿童免费滑雪项目；初学者地形。)”可知，Keystone给孩子一个免费滑雪的机会。故选C。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Contrarytopopularbelief,winterisactuallyagoodtimetotravel.Below,you’llfindrecommendationsforthebestplacestovisitinwinterintheUSA.(与普遍的看法相反，冬天实际上是旅行的好时机。下面，你会发现美国冬季最佳旅游景点的推荐。)”可推知，这四个地方的共同之处在于它们提供了一系列寒冷天气的乐趣。故选D。BForyears,IhadthemindsetthatifIwasn’twearingmyFitbit,didtheworkoutreallyhappen?Answer:No.NotonlydidIrelyonmyFitbittotrackmyexercises,butIchosetoinvestinthisspecificSENSEmodelbecauseofitssleeptrackingtech—amust-haveformysleepstruggles.Foralongtime,Irefusedtoremoveitfrommywrist.Butafterleavingmybelovedlittletrackeronmynightstandoneday,Itookitasanopportunityforanexperiment:WhatifIputthee-watchontheshelfforanentireweek?Beforeandduringthisexperiment,IwascompletingSculptItat-homeprogramfourtimesaweek.Sowhilethestructureandscheduleofmytrainingstayedthesame,myperceptionofhowmucheffortIcontributedtotheworkoutchanged—Iactuallybecamemorefocused.Withoutmye-watch,Ididn’ttakemy15-second“breaks”todouble-checkmyheartzones.IevenfeltlessstressedwithnodailynotificationsonmyStressManagementScores.WhileIcontinuedtostrugglewithstayingasleepthroughoutthenight,withouttheremindersofhowmysleepwasscoring,Iwasn’tbeatingmyselfupfornothittingtheaveragehoursofdeepsleep.Physically,nothingchanged.Truthfully,Ididn’texpectitto.Ilookedtheexactsamebeforeandaftertheweek-longexperiment.Visualbodychangeswillusuallytakemonthstonotice,andmostdefinitelynotoneweek.WillIgobacktousingmyFitbit?Withoutadoubt,yes.ButInolongerfeelthisinescapableneedtowearit24/7.Theconstantneedtocheckmye-watchforcaloriesburned,hourssleptorstepswalkedwasanunhealthyobsession(痴迷)Iwasblindtopreviously.IapplythelessonsIlearnedwhiledisconnectingandjustletmyselfbreathe.IfIrealizeIforgotmye-watchwhileI’monmywaytothegym?Guesswhat?Theworkoutstillcounts.4.WhatcausedtheauthortoconducttheFitbitexperiment?A.Avolunteeringopportunity. B.Afitnesschallenge.C.Anaccidentaloccurrence. D.Aroutinechange.5.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthissleepduringtheexperiment?A.Upsetaboutirregularsleepschedules.B.Satisfiedwithdeepsleephours.C.Constantlystressedaboutsleepscores.D.Lessanxiousaboutsleepquality.6.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“Theworkoutstillcounts”inthelastparagraph?A.Thee-watchremainsanefficienttool. B.Workoutprovesessentialforwellness.C.Workoutvalueisn’tdevice-determined. D.Digitaldependenceisadeep-rootedhabit.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.FitbitBreak:MyWeekofFreedom B.GymTraining:ALove-HateStoryC.SweatforStrength:APersonalExperiment D.WearableTech:TheNextBigThing【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过一周不佩戴Fitbit的实验，意识到过度依赖数据追踪会引发焦虑，并学会重新关注运动本身的意义而非设备反馈。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Butafterleavingmybelovedlittletrackeronmynightstandoneday,Itookitasanopportunityforanexperiment:WhatifIputthee-watchontheshelfforanentireweek?(但那天我把心爱的小追踪器忘在床头柜上后，便将此视为一个实验契机：要是整整一周都不戴这款智能手表会怎样)”可知，实验的起因是作者偶然忘记佩戴Fitbit。故选C项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“WhileIcontinuedtostrugglewithstayingasleepthroughoutthenight,withouttheremindersofhowmysleepwasscoring,Iwasn’tbeatingmyselfupfornothittingtheaveragehoursofdeepsleep.(尽管我依然整夜辗转难眠，但没有了睡眠评分提醒，我不再为达不到深度睡眠的标准时长而苛责自己)”可知，实验期间，作者因不再收到睡眠数据反馈，反而减少了对睡眠质量的焦虑。故选D项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theconstantneedtocheckmye-watchforcaloriesburned,hourssleptorstepswalkedwasanunhealthyobsession(痴迷)Iwasblindtopreviously.IapplythelessonsIlearnedwhiledisconnectingandjustletmyselfbreathe.IfIrealizeIforgotmye-watchwhileI’monmywaytothegym?Guesswhat?Theworkoutstillcounts.(以前的我总忍不住查看智能手表：卡路里消耗、睡眠时长、行走步数，这种执念近乎病态，而当时的我却浑然不觉。如今我正学着践行“断联”的领悟，给自己喘息的空间。就算去健身房的路上发现忘戴表了？你猜怎么着？运动成效依然作数)”可推知，作者强调锻炼的价值不应依赖设备记录，其意义独立于数据追踪。故选C项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“WhatifIputthee-watchontheshelfforanentireweek(要是整整一周都不戴这款智能手表会怎样)”和最后一段中“ButInolongerfeelthisinescapableneedtowearit24/7.(但现在，我不再觉得必须7天24小时都戴着它不可了)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者通过一周不佩戴Fitbit的实验，意识到过度依赖数据追踪会引发焦虑，并学会重新关注运动本身的意义而非设备反馈。因此，A项“Fitbit暂停记：我的自由周”突出了“暂时脱离Fitbit”的核心主题及“身心解放”的体验。故选A项。CHumanshavealwaysbeencreatingsecuritysystemstodealwiththesortsofmistakeshumanscommonlymake.Now,humanityisrapidlyintegratingatotallydifferentkindofmistake-makerintosociety:artificialintelligence(AI).Technologieslikelargelanguagemodels(LLMs)canperformmanycognitive(认知的)taskstraditionallyfulfilledbyhumans,buttheymakeplentyofmistakes.Unlikehumanmistakes,AIerrorslackpatternsandusuallyshowinvisibilityevenwhentheyareincorrect.Thissituationindicatestwopossibleareasofresearch.ThefirstistoengineerLLMsthatmakemorehuman-likemistakes.Thesecondistobuildnewmistake-correctingsystemsthatdealwiththespecificsortsofmistakesthatLLMstendtomake.WealreadyhavesometoolstoleadLLMstoactinmorehuman-likewaysandthetoolsperformfarbetterthanweexpected.Manyofthesearisefromthefieldof“alignment”research,whichaimstomakemodelsactinaccordancewiththegoalsandmotivationsoftheirhumandevelopers.Oneexampleisthetechniquethatwasarguablyresponsibleforthebreakthroughsuccessofanapp:reinforcement(强化)learningwithhumanfeedback.Inthismethod,anAImodelisrewardedforproducingresponsesthatgetathumbs-upfromhumanevaluators.WhenitcomestocatchingAImistakes,someofthesystemsthatweusetopreventhumanmistakeswillhelp.Toanextent,forcingLLMstodouble-checktheirownworkcanhelppreventerrors.ButLLMscanalsomakeupseeminglyreasonable,buttrulyridiculousexplanationsfortheirflightsfromreason.Inaddition,othermistakereductionsystemsforAIarealsounlikeanythingweuseforhumans.Becausemachinescan’tgettiredorfrustratedinthewaythathumansdo,itcanhelptoaskanLLMthesamequestionrepeatedlyinslightlydifferentwaysandthencombineitsmultipleresponses.Thesedifferenceshighlighttheneedfornew,custom-madecorrectionmechanisms(机制)thatmatchtheuniquenatureofAI-ensuringthesetechnologiescanbesafelyandreliablyintegratedintohumansocieties.8.HowareAImistakesdifferentfromhumanmistakes?A.Theyarenoteasytodetect. B.Theyfollowpredictablepatterns.C.Theytendtobeinlargernumbers. D.Theyarenotrelatedtocognitivetasks.9.WhatdoestheauthorwanttostressaboutthetoolsforleadingthebehaviorofLLMs?A.Theyhavecertainpositiveeffects.B.Theirapplicationhasn’tbeenpopular.C.Theyneedfurthertrainingforhumanevaluators’rewards.D.Theirgoalshavenotmettheoriginalintentionsofhumandevelopers.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.AImistakesareeasiertofixthanhumanerrors.B.HumansrequiretailoredsolutionsforAIerrors.C.AIisabletocopyanysystemsweuseforhumans.D.SystemsforcorrectinghumanmistakescanpreventLLMsmistakesfully.11.Whatisthethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhyIsAIAlwaysRight?B.WhenDoHumanErrorsIncrease?C.AdaptingtoAIErrorPatternsD.MakingAIMistakesManageable【答案】8.A9.A10.B11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了AI的犯错机制以及应对的方法。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段末句“Unlikehumanmistakes,AIerrorslackpatternsandusuallyshowinvisibilityevenwhentheyareincorrect.(与人类的错误不同，人工智能的错误缺乏规律，即便出错也往往难以察觉)”可知，人工智能的错误不太容易被发现。故选A项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“WealreadyhavesometoolstoleadLLMstoactinmorehuman-likewaysandthetoolsperformfarbetterthanweexpected.(我们已经有一些工具能让大型语言模型以更像人类的方式行事，而且这些工具的表现远远超出了我们的预期)”和“Oneexampleisthetechniquethatwasarguablyresponsibleforthebreakthroughsuccessofanapp:reinforcementlearningwithhumanfeedback.(一个例子是某种技术，这种技术或许正是某款应用程序取得突破性成功的关键所在：结合人类反馈的强化学习)”可推断，AI有着积极的作用。故选A项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据末段末句“Thesedifferenceshighlighttheneedfornew,custom-madecorrectionmechanismsthatmatchtheuniquenatureofAI-ensuringthesetechnologiescanbesafelyandreliablyintegratedintohumansocieties.(这些差异凸显了需要建立全新的、定制化的纠正机制，以适应人工智能的独特特性——从而确保这些技术能够安全、可靠地融入人类社会之中)”可推断对于AI的错误，人类需要量身定制解决方案。故选B项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据首段末句“Now,humanityisrapidlyintegratingatotallydifferentkindofmistake-makerintosociety:artificialintelligence(如今，人类正迅速将一种截然不同的“错误制造者”引入社会：那就是人工智能)以及末段末句“Thesedifferenceshighlighttheneedfornew,custom-madecorrectionmechanismsthatmatchtheuniquenatureofAI-ensuringthesetechnologiescanbesafelyandreliablyintegratedintohumansocieties.(这些差异凸显了需要建立全新的、定制化的纠正机制，以适应人工智能的独特特性——从而确保这些技术能够安全、可靠地融入人类社会之中)”，可知本文主要介绍了AI出现的问题及纠正机制，选项D表示“让人工智能犯错变得可控”，适合作文章标题。故选D项。DScientistsattheUniversityofSurreyhavemadeabreakthroughinbatteriesthatnotonlystoremoreenergybuthelptacklegreenhousegasemissions.Lithium-CO2“breathing”batteriesreleasepowerwhilecapturingcarbondioxide,offeringabetteralternativethatmayonedayoutperformtoday’slithium-ionbatteries.Untilnow,Lithium-CO2batterieshavefacedsetbacksinefficiency-wearingoutquicklyandrelyingonexpensiverarematerials.However,researchersfromSurreyhavefoundawaytoovercometheseissuesbyusingalow-costcatalyst(催化剂)calledCPM.Usingcomputermodellingandlabexperiments,testsshowedthissimplechangeallowedthebatterytostoreconsiderablymoreenergy,chargewithfarlesspowerandrunforover100cycles.DrGadkari,co-authorofthestudy,said,“Oneofthebiggestchallengeswiththesebatteriesissomethingcalled‘overpotential’-theextraenergyneededtogetthereactiongoing.Youcanthinkofitlikecyclinguphillbeforeyoucancoast.CPMflattensthathill,meaningthebatterylosesfarlessenergyduringeachchargeanddischarge.”TounderstandwhytheCPMworkedsowell,researchersusedtwoapproaches.First,theytookapartthebatteryaftercharginganddischargingtostudythechemicalchangesinside,findingthatlithiumcarbonate,thechemicalsubstancesformedwhenthebatteryabsorbsCO2,couldbereliablybuiltupandremoved-anessentialfeatureforlong-termuse.Theythenturnedtocomputermodellingusingdensityfunctionaltheory(DFT)toexplorehowthereactionsunfoldonthematerialsurface.ResultsshowedhowtheCPM’sstable,holeystructureofferedtheidealsurfaceforkeychemicalreactions.“What’sexcitingaboutthisdiscoveryisthatitcombinesstrongperformancewithsimplicity.We’veshownit’spossibletobuildefficientlithium-CO2batteriesinlargenumbersusingaffordable,expandablematerialsnoraremetalsrequired,”saidDrGadkari.Ifcommercialised,thesebatteriescouldhelpcutemissionsfromvehiclesandindustrialsources.ScientistsevenimaginetheycouldoperateonMars,wheretheatmosphereis95%CO2.Thediscoveryopensnewdoorsfordevelopingevenbetterlow-cost,easy-to-makebatterymaterialsandmarksamilestonesteptowardreal-worldapplications.12.Whatadvantagedoesthenewbatteryhaveoverotherbatteriesbasedonthefirstparagraph?A.It’slighter.B.It’smoreuser-friendly.C.It’sgreener.D.It’smorecost-effective.13.WhatdoesDrGadkariwanttoclarifybyreferringto“cyclinguphill”?A.Anaturalphenomenon. B.Atechnicalterm.C.Anexperimentalstage. D.Atheoreticaldesign.14.HowdidresearchersconfirmtheeffectivenessofCPMbesidesusingmodelling?A.BytestingitsperformanceonMars.B.ByassessingitsdurabilityviaDFT.C.Byobservingreactionsinthebattery.D.Byanalyzinglithiumcarbonate’structure.15.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutthenewbattery?A.Itispromisingformassproduction.B.ItisconvenienttomakeandrecycleC.Itsefficiencyreliesonrareearthelements.D.Itsusehasreshapedthebatteryindustry.【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了萨里大学科学家在电池领域取得突破，研发出的锂-二氧化碳“呼吸”电池不仅储能更多，还能助力应对温室气体排放。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“ScientistsattheUniversityofSurreyhavemadeabreakthroughinbatteriesthatnotonlystoremoreenergybuthelptacklegreenhousegasemissions.Lithium-CO₂“breathing”batteriesreleasepowerwhilecapturingcarbondioxide,offeringabetteralternativethatmayonedayoutperformtoday’slithium-ionbatteries.(萨里大学的科学家在电池领域取得了突破，这种电池不仅能储存更多能量，还能帮助应对温室气体排放。锂-二氧化碳“呼吸”电池在释放电能的同时捕获二氧化碳，提供了一种更好的选择，也许有一天会超越如今的锂离子电池)”可知，新电池相较于其他电池更环保，能捕获二氧化碳应对温室气体排放。故选C项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“DrGadkari,co-authorofthestudy,said,“Oneofthebiggestchallengeswiththesebatteriesissomethingcalled‘overpotential’-theextraenergyneededtogetthereactiongoing.Youcanthinkofitlikecyclinguphillbeforeyoucancoast.CPMflattensthathill,meaningthebatterylosesfarlessenergyduringeachchargeanddischarge.”(该研究的合著者加德卡里博士说：“这些电池最大的挑战之一是一种叫做“过电位”的东西——使反应发生所需的额外能量。你可以把它想象成在滑行之前要先骑车爬坡。CPM把那座“坡”变平了，这意味着电池在每次充电和放电过程中损失的能量要少得多”)”可知，加德卡里博士通过“骑车爬坡”来解释“过电位”这个专业术语。故选B项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“TounderstandwhytheCPMworkedsowell,researchersusedtwoapproaches.First,theytookapartthebatteryaftercharginganddischargingtostudythechemicalchangesinside,findingthatlithiumcarbonate,thechemicalsubstancesformedwhenthebatteryabsorbsCO₂,couldbereliablybuiltupandremoved-anessentialfeatureforlong-termuse.(为了弄清楚为什么CPM效果如此之好，研究人员使用了两种方法。首先，他们在电池充电和放电后将其拆开，研究内部的化学变化，发现电池吸收二氧化碳时形成的化学物质碳酸锂能够可靠地生成和去除——这是长期使用的一个基本特征)”可知，除了使用建模，研究人员还通过观察电池内部的反应来证实CPM的有效性。故选C项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““What’sexcitingaboutthisdiscoveryisthatitcombinesstrongperformancewithsimplicity.We’veshownit’spossibletobuildefficientlithium-CO2batteriesinlargenumbersusingaffordable,expandablematerialsnoraremetalsrequired,”saidDrGadkari.Ifcommercialised,thesebatteriescouldhelpcutemissionsfromvehiclesandindustrialsources.(加德卡里博士说：“这个发现令人兴奋的地方在于它将强大的性能与简易性结合在了一起。我们已经证明，可以使用价格合理、可扩展的材料大量制造高效的锂-二氧化碳电池，无需稀有金属”如果商业化，这些电池可以帮助减少车辆和工业源的排放)”可知，新电池有望大规模生产。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whetheryou’reheadingoutforadaytriporaquickweekendgetaway(短期休假),wewillsharesometraveltipsinthisguidetohelpyoumakeyourexperiencemoreenjoyable.·Thinkabouthowyouwanttotravel.___16___Sometimesitmeansthemostenjoyable.Toomuchconsiderationonshortjourneysisnotworthit.Ifyou’vegotapreferenceforacertainmeansoftransport,it’softenworthtravelingthatwayforshortdistances,evenifitendsuptakingyoualittlelonger.·___17___Somecities,likeNYC,arequitewalkable.Otherssimplyaren’t.InAmsterdam,thebestwaytogetaboutisbybike—whetheryouusethecity’ssharedbikesorrentonefromyourhotel.InSoutheastAsia,you’dbetterrentascooter(小型摩托车).___18___Sodon’tbothertofindtheso-calledone-size-fits-allanswer.·Tryalltheavailableoptions.Ifyou’renotsureaboutthebestmeansoftransportforyou,experiencethemall.Seewhatcatchingthesubwayislike,trycyclingorridingthebus.It’shardtopredictwhatwillbethemostconvenient.LAhasalow-costpublictransportnetworkbutcar-poolingischeaper,andscootersarethebestforgettingaroundWestHollywood.___19___·Don’trelyonmapapps.Mapappsareuseful,buttheydon’ttakeintoaccountthepossibilityofpackedsubways,queuesfortaxisandtheheatofatraininsummer.___20___Sodon’tassumesomethingisa30-minutedrivejustbecauseamapappsaysso—bythetimeyou’vedrivenhalfway,youmightstillhaveanother30minutestogo.A.Don’tlimityourchoices.B.Ittakestimetofindthebest.C.Studythecityyouwilltravelto.D.Youwon’tknowuntilyoutrythemall.E.Whatworksheremightnotworkthere.F.Thebestdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthefastest.G.Besides,theyareabitbehindtherealtraffictime.【答案】16.F17.C18.E19.D20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一篇旅行指南帮助读者在旅行中做出明智的选择并得到更加愉快的体验。【16题详析】根据后文“Sometimesitmeansthemostenjoyable.Toomuchconsiderationonshortjourneysisnotworthit.Ifyou’vegotapreferenceforacertainmeansoftransport,it’softenworthtravelingthatwayforshortdistances,evenifitendsuptakingyoualittlelonger.(有时它意味着最愉快的。在短途旅行中考虑太多是不值得的。如果你对某种交通方式有偏好，那么短途旅行通常是值得的，即使它最终会花费你更多的时间)”可知，本空是段落的总起句，与下文提到的“Sometimesitmeansthemostenjoyable.(有时它意味着最愉快的)”形成对比。本段建议：在选择如何旅行时要考虑个人的喜好；如果你偏好某种交通方式，那么以这种方式短途旅行是值得的，即使它花费的时间略多。F项“最好的不一定意味着最快。”符合语境故选F。【17题详析】本空是段落的小标题，根据本段内容“Somecities,likeNYC,arequitewalkable.Otherssimplyaren’t.InAmsterdam,thebestwaytogetaboutisbybike—whetheryouusethecity’ssharedbikesorrentonefromyourhotel.InSoutheastAsia,you’dbetterrentascooter(小型摩托车).(有些城市，比如纽约，非常适合步行。其他的则不是。在阿姆斯特丹，最好的出行方式就是骑自行车——不管你是使用城市的共享单车还是从酒店租一辆。在东南亚，你最好租一辆摩托车)”可知，空处应概括本段的内容并给旅行者提供建议，结合本段提及了适合不同城市的交通方式，以说明了解目的地城市的情况对于选择合适的交通方式至关重要。C项“研究你要旅行的城市。”符合语境。故选C。【18题详析】本空是段落中的过渡句。根据上文“Somecities,likeNYC,arequitewalkable.Otherssimplyaren’t.InAmsterdam,thebestwaytogetaboutisbybike—whetheryouusethecity’ssharedbikesorrentonefromyourhotel.InSoutheastAsia,you’dbetterrentascooter(小型摩托车).(有些城市，比如纽约，非常适合步行。其他的则不是。在阿姆斯特丹，最好的出行方式就是骑自行车——不管你是使用城市的共享单车还是从酒店租一辆。在东南亚，你最好租一辆摩托车)”可知，本段提到不同的交通方式适合不同的城市；没有一种交通方式适合所有城市。E项“在这里适用的不一定在那里适用。”与下文“Sodon’tbothertofindtheso-calledone-size-fits-allanswer.(所以，不要费心去寻找所谓的一刀切的答案)”构成因果关系，符合语境。故选E。【19题详析】根据上文“Ifyou’renotsureaboutthebestmeansoftransportforyou,experiencethemall.Seewhatcatchingthesubwayislike,trycyclingorridingthebus.It’shardtopredictwhatwillbethemostconvenient.LAhasalow-costpublictransportnetworkbutcar-poolingischeaper,andscootersarethebestforgettingaroundWestHollywood.(如果你不确定哪一种交通方式最适合你，那就都体验一下吧。看看乘地铁是什么感觉，试试骑自行车或乘公共汽车。很难预测什么是最方便的。洛杉矶有一个低成本的公共交通网络，但拼车更便宜，而在西好莱坞，滑板车是最好的交通工具)”可知，本段建议：尝试所有可用的交通方式。因为很难预测哪种方式最方便，只有全部尝试后才能知道哪种方式最适合自己，而本空是本段内容的总结，呼应段落小标题。故D项“直到你把它们试遍时才会知道。”符合语境。故选D。【20题详析】根据下文“Sodon’tassumesomethingisa30-minutedrivejustbecauseamapappsaysso—bythetimeyou’vedrivenhalfway,youmightstillhaveanother30minutestogo.(所以，不要仅仅因为地图应用程序这么说，就认为某件事是30分钟的车程——当你开到一半的时候，你可能还有30分钟要走)”可知，地图应用程序中的交通信息有时会与实际情况不符。G项“此外，它们稍微滞后于实际交通时间。”与下文构成因果关系，共同说明地图应用程序的弊端，符合语境。故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Whenfreedonuts(甜甜圈)showupatyourdoor,howcanyouresist?That’sthequestionBeccaBarnoski____21____herselfaskingwhenadeliveryappearedatherapartmentdoor.TheorderwasfromDuckDonutsandit____22____sixdeliciousdonuts.Ithadbeen____23____atBecca’sdoorfortwohourswhenshereachedouttosomeonewithanimportantquestion:Woulditbewrongforhertomakethe____24____deliveryofficiallyhersnow?Or,asBecca____25____itinatext,“Morallycanitbemine?”Whoevershetexteddidn’thesitatetogivetheir____26____.Infact,theyjokinglysaidthedonutsare“____27____yoursnow”.Receivingtheresponse,Beccaatethedonuts...onlytodiscoveraninterestingnoteonherdoorhourslater,whichwasfromthefolkswhowere____28____togetthedonuts:HELP!MissingDuckDonuts!-Kushin204Feelingbad,Beccareachedouttothemandwastotally____29____aboutwhathadhappened.Insteadofgettingupset,herneighbourswereunderstanding.They____30____Becca’soffertopaythembackandkindlytextedBecca:It’stotallyfine!Iamgladtheywenttoagoodhomeandhopeyouenjoyedthem.Theywerea____31____frommycousinwhichiswhyweweren’texpectingthem-thankyouforlettingus____32____andpleasedon’tworryatall.DespitetheseselflessneighborsinsistingBeccadidn’t____33____themanything.shecouldn’tletgoofwhathadhappened.Shefeltguiltyforwhatshehaddone,andshewas____34____tomakeituptothem.So,shedecidedtoleaveanoteofherownattheirdoor...alongwithquitethegiftcard:I’msosorryIateyourdonuts!!Please____35____adinneronme!Agiftcardinexchangeforlostdonuts?Soundslikeagoodtradetous!Whoknewyoucouldmeetthefriendliestpeoplefromadeliveryincident!21.A.noticed B.kept C.found D.made22.A.represented B.contained C.involved D.included23.A.sitting B.hiding C.settling D.leaning24.A.mistaken B.delayed C.forgotten D.overlooked25.A.voiced B.worded C.posed D.sentenced26.A.decision B.assessment C.commitment D.approval27.A.temporarily B.formally C.legally D.originally28.A.permitted B.required C.supposed D.expected29.A.embarrassed B.honest C.nervous D.positive30.A.turnedup B.turneddown C.turnedin D.turnedto31.A.reward B.bonus C.surprise D.wonder32.A.remember B.meet C.see D.know33.A.owe B.teach C.send D.award34.A.passionate B.hesitant C.resistant D.determined35.A.treat B.cook C.reserve D.enjoy【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.A25.B26.D27.C28.C29.B30.B31.C32.D33.A34.D35.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。贝卡收到错送的甜甜圈后吃掉，发现是邻居的，邻居很谅解，但她仍感愧疚，用礼品卡补偿，由此结识友善邻居。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个快递出现在贝卡·巴诺斯基的公寓门口时，她发现自己就在问这个问题。A.noticed注意到；B.kept保持；C.found发现，找到；D.made制作。根据后文“herselfasking”指发现自己在询问上文“Whenfreedonutsshowupatyourdoor,howcanyouresist?(当免费的甜甜圈出现在你家门口时，你怎能忍住不去拿呢？)”中的问题。故选C。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这份订单来自“鸭子甜甜圈店”，里面装着六个美味的甜甜圈。A.represented代表；B.contained含有；C.involved涉及；D.included包括。根据后文“sixdeliciousdonuts”指订单里含有六个美味的甜甜圈。故选B。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个快递在贝卡家门口放了两个小时，这时她联系了一个人，问了个重要的问题：现在把这个送错的东西正式归为己有，这样做不对吗？A.sitting坐下；B.hiding隐藏；C.settling解决；D.leaning靠在。根据后文“atBecca’sdoorfortwohours”指快递在贝卡家门口放了两个小时，sit表示“处在，放于”。故选A。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个快递在贝卡家门口放了两个小时，这时她联系了一个人，问了个重要的问题：现在把这个送错的东西正式归为己有，这样做不对吗？A.mistaken弄错的；B.delayed推迟的；C.forgotten被忘记的；D.overlooked被忽视的。根据上文“Whenfreedonutsshowupatyourdoor,howcanyouresist?(当免费的甜甜圈出现在你家门口时，你怎能忍住不去拿呢？)”可知，东西出现在她家门口是因为送错了，故选A。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者，正如贝卡在一条短信中所表述的那样：“从道德层面来讲，它能归我所有吗？”A.voiced表达；B.worded措词；C.posed提出问题、摆姿势；D.sentenced判决。根据后文“itinatext,“Morallycanitbemine?””指短信中的措词表达用word。故选B。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论她给谁发了消息，对方都毫不犹豫地表示了同意。A.decision决定；B.assessment评估；C.commitment奉献；D.approval支持，同意。根据后文“yoursnow”可知，询问得到了他人的同意和支持。故选D。【27题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他们开玩笑地说道：“这些甜甜圈现在‘合法地归你所有了’。”A.temporarily暂时地；B.formally正式地；C.legally合法地；D.originally最初。根据上文“theyjokinglysaidthedonutsare”可知，包裹送错了，别人开玩笑地说“这些甜甜圈现在‘合法地归你所有了’。”故选C。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：收到回复后，贝卡便开始吃起甜甜圈……但几个小时后，她却在自家门上发现了一张有趣的便条，发这条便条的人是那些本应送来甜甜圈的人：救命！鸭子甜甜圈失踪了！——库什204号。A.permitted允许；B.required需要；C.supposed认为；D.expected期待。根据后文“togetthedonuts:HELP!MissingDuckDonuts!”可知，发这条便条的人是那些本应送来甜甜圈的人。besupposedtodo理应做某事，故选C。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：贝卡心情不佳，于是向他们倾诉了所发生的事情，并坦诚相告。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.honest诚实的；C.nervous紧张的；D.positive积极的。根据上文“Feelingbad,Beccareachedouttothemandwastotally”可知，贝卡感觉糟糕，于是如实说明了情况，故选B。【30题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们拒绝了贝卡想要偿还欠款的提议，并礼貌地给贝卡发了条短信：……。A.turnedup开大；B.turneddown关小，拒绝；C.turnedin上交；D.turnedto求助于。根据后文“It’stotallyfine!Iamgladtheywenttoagoodhomeandhopeyouenjoyedthem.(这完全没问题！我很高兴它们找到了一个好归宿，也希望你能喜欢它们)”可知，拒绝了贝卡想要偿还欠款的提议，故选B。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们是我表弟带来的一个惊喜，所以才让我们始料未及——感谢你告知我们此事，真的请你别担心了。A.reward奖励；B.bonus奖金；C.surprise惊喜；D.wonder奇迹。根据后文“whyweweren’texpectingthem”可知没有预料到是因为是一个惊喜。故选C。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们是我表弟带来的一个惊喜，所以才让我们始料未及——感谢你告知我们此事，真的请你别担心了。A.remember记得；B.meet遇见；C.see看见；D.know知道。根据上文“Beccareachedouttothem”可知，贝卡让对方得知了事情的起因经过。故选D。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管这些无私的邻居坚称贝卡无需向他们偿还任何欠款，但她还是无法释怀所发生的一切。A.owe欠钱；B.teach教学；C.send发送；D.award授予。根据上文“DespitetheseselflessneighborsinsistingBeccadidn’t”以及邻居拒绝收钱，即这些无私的邻居坚称贝卡无需向他们偿还任何欠款，故选A。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她为自己所做的事感到内疚，并且下定决心要补偿他们。A.passionate热情的；B.hesitant犹豫的；C.resistant抵制的；D.determined坚定的。根据后文“tomakeituptothem”以及“So,shedecidedtoleaveanoteof