【03-暑假培优练】专题11 强调句的用法 (教师版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)

PAGE1专题11强调句的用法内容早知道☛第一层巩固提升练考点一强调句的基本用法考点二强调句与定语从句的辨析☛第二层能力培优练☛第三层拓展突破练☛第四层高考真题练强调句的基本用法【知识积累·练前热身】【知识积累·练前热身】1.基本句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分（1）强调句It没有词义，但不可被代替；（2）It后的be动词只用单数形式is/was，具体用哪个看时态；（3）被强调部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等，但不能用来强调谓语；（4）被强调部分指人，其后可用that或who；其他情况只用that。特征：把“Itis/was...that/who...”从句子中划掉，所剩内容的正好是一个句意清晰、成份完整的句子。2.强调不同的句子成分陈述句：Imetmyoldfriendinthestreetlastnight.强调主语：Itwas

I

that/whometmyoldfriendinthestreetlastnight.强调宾语：Itwas

myoldfriend

that/whomImetinthestreetlastnight.强调地点状语：Itwas

inthestreet

thatImet

myoldfriend

lastnight.强调时间状语：Itwas

lastnight

thatImet

myoldfriend

inthestreet.3.强调句的几种句式（1）一般疑问句Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分（把is/was提到it前面，其他不变。）肯定句：ItwasIthat/whomet

myoldfriend

inthestreetlastnight.疑问句：Wasityouthat/whomet

myoldfriend

inthestreetlastnight?（2）特殊疑问句被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分

肯定句：Itwas

inthestreet

thatImet

myoldfriend

lastnight.特殊疑问句：Wherewasitthatyoumet

myoldfriend

lastnight?（3）“not...until...”的强调句Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分陈述句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhismothercameback.

强调句：Itwasnotuntil

hismothercameback

that

hewenttobed.

1.Onthecontrary,

IthinkitisTrumanthat________(be)toblame.【答案】is【详解】句意：相反，我认为是楚门要被责备。考查强调句。若对主语进行强调，则that/who之后谓语应与被去掉主语保持人称和数的一致。该句是对主语Truman进行强调，谓语动词应与主语Truman保持一致。句子使用的是“itis”，使用一般现在时，故答案是is。2.

John’ssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck.Itisyearsofhardwork_______

hasmadehimwhatheistoday.【答案】that【详解】句意：John的成功与好运无关，是多年的努力成就了现在的他。考查强调句。yearsofhardwork是被强调部分，作主语。故答案是that。3.Was_______becauseJackcamelateforschoolthatMr.Smithgotangry?【答案】it【详解】句意：史密斯先生是因为杰克上学迟到才生气的吗?考查强调句。分析句子结构可知，题干是强调句型的一般疑问句形式，其结构为：“Wasit+被强调成分+that+其他成分”。本题强调的是原因状语从句becauseJackcamelateforschool。故填it。4.It____(be)JaneandMarywhohelpedmetheotherday.【答案】was【详解】句意：正是简和玛丽在前些时候帮助了我。考查强调句。分析句子，句子符合的是强调句的结构：itis/was强调部分+that/who+其他部分。此处对Jane和Mary进行强调，同时表述的是过去事实，应该使用一般过去时,故填was。5.—Wasitbycuttingdownstaff___________shesavedthefirm?—No,itwasbyimprovingworkefficiency.【答案】that【详解】句意：——是不是通过裁员她才拯救了公司的命运?——不是，是通过提高工作效率。考查强调句。分析句子结构可知，问句为强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Wasit+被强调部分+that+其他?

被强调部分为bycuttingdownstaff。故填that。6.Itwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglasses________IrealizedshewasaclassmatewhomIhadn’tseenformanyyears.【答案】that【详解】句意：直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是我多年未见的同学。考查强调句型。根据句意并分析句子成分可知，此处是“直到……才……”的强调句型“Itwasnotuntil...that...”，因此空格处是that，故填that。7.—Whatwasit________madeDaisywildwithjoy?—HersuccessintheA-levelexamthisyear.【答案】that【详解】句意：——是什么使黛西欣喜若狂?——她在今年的A-level考试中取得了成功使她欣喜若狂。考查强调句式。结合语境这是强调句型特殊疑问句式；特殊疑问词+was/isitthat+其他，缺少强调句型缺少引导词that。故填that。8.Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo________benefitsourworkmost.【答案】that【详解】句意：不是我们做了多少而是我们在我们所做的事情中投入了多少爱，对我们的工作最有益。考查强调句。该强调句型强调的是句子的主语，而句子主语是not...but...连接的两个句子。故答案为that。9.Itwasthegirlwithblacksunglasses________knockeddowntheoldman.【答案】who/that【详解】句意：是那个戴黑色太阳镜的女孩打倒了那位老人。考查强调句。本处是强调句，是Itis/was+

被强调部分+that/who

结构；强调的是thegirlwithblacksunglasses，故填who或that。10._______

isnotthefilmitselfthatmakespeoplemove,buttheheroesofthewaryearswhofoughtbloodilyforourcountryandthepeople.【答案】It【详解】句意：让人感动的不是电影本身，而是战争年代为祖国和人民浴血奋战的英雄们。考查强调句型。分析句子可知，此处是强调句型“Itis+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”。该空位于句首，首字母应大写，故填It。强调句与定语从句的辨析【知识积累·练前热身】【知识积累·练前热身】1.强调句与定语从句的辨析强调句的结构为“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。Itis/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。定语从句的关系词that既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了。Itisaquestionthatneedscarefulconsideration.（强调句）ItisnovelsthatMissWangenjoysreading.（定语从句）（1）itis/was和that对句子的影响强调句中的itis/was和that去掉后，句子依然成立；而定语从句中it是主语，是不可以省略的（2）时态强调句中的be动词只有is或was两种形式，且需要与后面的句子时态保持一致；而定语从句中be动词时态由主句时间确定。（3）that的省略在强调句结构中，that是不可以被省略的；而在定语从句中that可以被省略2.谓语动词的强调

Itis/was…that…强调句型结构不能强调谓语。如果句子需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。

Ilikeyou.我喜欢你。→I

do

likeyou.我确实喜欢你。Shelikesthehandsomeboy.她喜欢这帅气的男孩。→She

does

likethehandsomeboy.她确实喜欢这帅气的男孩。TheboylikedhisEnglishteacher.这个男孩喜欢他的英语老师。→Theboy

did

likehisEnglishteacher.这个男孩确实喜欢他的英语老师。注意：强调谓语只用do/does和did，第三人称单数一般现在时和过去时用does/did，后面的谓语动词用原形。1.ItwasSunday________wepaidavisittothemuseum.【答案】when【详解】句意：我们参观博物馆的时候是星期天。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填入连词连接前后两个句子。结合句意,when意为“当……时候,在……期间”,符合题意。故填when。2.ItwasonSunday________wepaidavisittothemuseum.【答案】that。【详解】句意：我们是在星期天参观博物馆的。考查强调句。本句去掉Itwas….that..，变成onSundaywepaidavisittothemuseum。语法正确，是强调句型。故答案是that。3.—Wheredidyoufindtheprofessorwhomadethespeechyesterday?—Itwasinthe

hall______thestudentsoftenhaveameeting.【答案】where【详解】句意：——你在哪里找到了昨天做演讲的那位教授？——正是在学生们经常开会的礼堂里。考查定语从句。先行词thehall后面的一个定语从句中不缺少主语，宾语和表语，故用关系副词where做地点状语。故填where。4.________letyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearstohavebeentoldeverything.【答案】Do【详解】句意：一定要让你母亲知道所有的真相。她似乎被告知一切了。考查强调句。此处强调谓语动词，应用助动词do/does/did。根据后半句的appears，是一般现在时。应填do。首字母大写。故填Do。5.ItisontheafternoonofSeptember1st______Imetheratthesupermarket.【答案】that【详解】句意：正是在9月1日的下午我在超市遇到了她。考查强调句。题中ontheafternoonofSeptember为强调部分，可还原成正常语序ImetheratthesupermarketontheafternoonofSeptember。强调句型中去掉Itis/was…that后句子仍通顺，意义仍完整。故填that。6.Ifyouhaveajob,do________(devote)yourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.【答案】devote【详解】句意：如果你有一份工作，一定要全身心投入并且最终你会成功的。考查强调结构。分析句子结构，逗号后是省略主语you的祈使句，do强调谓语动词，后接动词原形形式。故填devote。7.Itwasinthebackyard________myfatherplantedmanyvegetables________hedugupastatue.【答案】where；

that【详解】句意：就是在我父亲种了许多蔬菜的后院里，他挖了一座雕像。考查定语从句和强调句。第一空________myfatherplantedmanyvegetables是定语从句修饰先行词backyard，从句缺少地点状语，故用where；第二空为强调句itwas+被强调部分+that，被强调部分为inthebackyardwheremyfatherplantedmanyvegetables。故填where和that。8.Itwasinthesmallhouse________wasbuiltwithstoneshespenthischildhood.【答案】which；that【详解】句意：他在这个用石头建立的小屋子里度过了他的童年时光。考查定语从句和强调句。由句子结构看出这是一个含有定语从句的强调句，先行词是thesmallhouse，“________wasbuiltwithstones”为定语从句，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填which/that。9.She________(do)tellmeaboutthemeeting,butItotallyforgotaboutit.【答案】did【详解】句意：她确实告诉了我会议的事，但我完全忘记了。考查时态和强调。由并列谓语forgot用一般过去时可知，谓语动词tell也用一般过去时，此处强调谓语，用助动词did来表示强调。故填did。10.Itwasinthisoldschool________thegovernmentbuiltin1968________hereceivedgoodeducation.【答案】which/that;that【解析】句意：正是在那座由当地政府1968年建造的学校里，他接受了良好的教育。考查定语从句和强调句。分析句子可知，________thegovernmentbuiltin1968为定语从句，先行词thisoldschool在从句中作宾语，第一空用关系代词which/that。第二空构成强调句，用固定句型“itis+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分”，被强调部分非人，应用that。故填which/that;that。一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AYetalthoughofficerswillnotdisappear,it’shardtoimaginethatworkinglifewillreturntobefore-COVID-19(新冠肺炎)ways.Formorethanacenturyworkershavepushedthemselveson-tocrowdedtrainsandbuses,orsufferedtrafficjams,togetintotheoffice,andback,fivedaysaweek.However,forthepastoneyeartheyhavenothadtocommute(上下班往返),andmayenjoyitforalongtime.Employers,fortheirpart,havesupportedexpensiveofficesincitycentersbecausetheyneedtogatherworkersinoneplace.Therentisonlypartofthecost;therearecleaning,lightning,printers,cateringandsecurityontop.Needlesstosay,inthehomeworkingerathesecostsarecutdown.Anotherpartofthehomeworkingeramaybethedisappearanceofthefive-dayworkingweek.EvenbeforetheCOVID-19manyworkersbecameusedtotakingphonecallsoransweringemailsattheweekend.Inthehomeworkingera,thedividinglinebetweenhomeandworkinglife,ausefulwayofrelievingstress,willbeevenhardertokeep.Itmaybelostaltogether.What’smore,withouttheMonday-to-Fridaycommute,theweekendseemsmore

nebulous,foremployeesmaywalkandtakebreaksfreely,withonlythecompanyvideocallsunchanged.Lookingfurtherout,thehomeworkingeramaybringotherchanges.Somemaydecidetoliveinsmalltownswherehousingcostsarelower,sincetheyhavenoneedtocommute.Menwillhavefewerexcusestoskipcleaningorchildcareiftheyarenotdisappearingtotheoffice.Inasense,thisisareturntonormal:untilthe19thcenturymostpeopleworkedatorclosetotheirhomes.Butsocialhistoriansmaystillregard2020asthestartofanewage.1.WhichoneisthechangeoftheworkinglifeaftertheCOVID-19?A.Livinginbigcities.

B.Moretrafficjams.C.Reducedworkingcost.

D.Lessphonecallsattheweekend.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nebulous”meaninthe4thparagraph?A.Important.

B.Unclear.

C.Fruitful.

D.Annoying.3.Whichwordcanbestdescribethewriter’sattitudeinthelastparagraph?A.Doubtful.

B.Objective.

C.Supportive.

D.Negative.4.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.2020:theStartofaNewAge?B.WorkingatHome:AreYouReady?C.WhoistheWinner:EmployerorEmployee?D.HomeandWorkingLife:HowtoKeepBalanced?【答案】1.C

2.B

3.B

4.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在2020年新冠肺炎之后，上班族的工作方式发生了变化，以在家办公为主。社会历史学家将2020年视为一个新时代的开始。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Needlesstosay,inthehomeworkingerathesecostsarecutdown.(不用说，在家办公的时代，这些成本被削减了。)”可知，降低工作成本是新冠肺炎后工作生活的变化之一。故选C项。【2题详解】词句猜测题。根据第段中“What’smore,withouttheMonday-to-Fridaycommute,theweekendseemsmore

nebulous,foremployeesmaywalkandtakebreaksfreely,withonlythecompanyvideocallsunchanged.(更重要的是，没有了从周一到周五的通勤，周末似乎是更加______________，因为员工们可以自由走动和休息，只有公司的视频电话没有变化。)”由于没有了从周一到周五的通勤，这个上班的和周末的概念应该是变得模糊不清了，可知，下划线的单词nebulous意为“朦胧的，模糊不清的”。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Inasense,thisisareturntonormal:untilthe19thcenturymostpeopleworkedatorclosetotheirhomes.Butsocialhistoriansmaystillregard2020asthestartofanewage.(从某种意义上说，这是一种常态的回归：直到19世纪，大多数人都是在家工作或在家附近工作。但社会历史学家可能仍将2020年视为一个新时代的开始。)”可知，客观性一词最能描述作者在最后一段的态度。故选B项。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Yetalthoughofficerswillnotdisappear,it’shardtoimaginethatworkinglifewillreturntobefore-COVID-19(新冠肺炎)ways.(然而，尽管办公人员不会消失，但很难想象工作生活将回到新冠肺炎之前的方式)”以及最后一段中“Butsocialhistoriansmaystillregard2020asthestartofanewage.(但社会历史学家可能仍将2020年视为一个新时代的开始。)”可知，本文主要讲述了在2020年新冠肺炎之后，上班族的工作方式发生了变化，以在家办公为主，社会历史学家将2020年视为一个新时代的开始。一词本文的最佳标题选项A“2020：新时代的开始?”最符合题意。故选A项。BWhatdoyouthinkof80spopmusic?DothenamesGeorgeMichael,MadonnaandMichaelJacksonsoundfamiliar?Well,thesearejustsomeofthenamesthatwerewell-knowninthemusicsceneofthe80sandearly90s.The80spopmusicscenewasanimportantsteptothepopularity(普及)ofpresent-daymusic.Anewwaveinthemusicscenewasintroduced,whichmadesuchmusicstylesaspunkrock,rapmusicandtheMTVpopular.Althoughitwasanendtotheold60sand70sstyles,itwasalsothebeginningofsomethingbig.Thepopularityofmusicvideosmeantthatartistsnowreplacedtheirguitar-basedmusicwithvisualdisplays.Anewwaveofartistscameonthesceneandtheentireindustrydevelopedquickly.Themostfamous80spopmusicvideoisMichaelJackson’sThriller.Introducedin1982,fewpeoplecanforgetthevideonotonlybecauseofitsnever-be-foreseenimages,butalsobecauseofthepopularityitreceived.Thinkofhow80spopmusicchangedthelivesofpeoplewhogrewupinthe80s.Askayoungmantodaytotellyouthenamesofthe“NewKidsontheBlock”andhewillstarttalkingabouttheneighborkidswhojustmovedin.Thesearenottheanswersyoumighthaveheardinthe80s.Thoughtoday’syoungmendonotrecognizehowcool80spopmusicwas,mostpeoplewillalwaysrememberitforwhatitwasandthesearehappymemoriestheywillalwayslove.Someofthe80spopmusiclegends(传奇人物)includeMadonna,U2,AeroSmithandofcoursetheKingofPopMichaelJackson.Let’snotforgetPrince,TinaTurner,PhilCollinsandMotown’sLionelRitchie.Someofthesemusiciansplayedmusicthathasstoodthetestoftime.Undoubtedly,the80spopmusicscenewillliveonformanymoreyearstocome.5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thecharactersof80spopmusic.

B.Whatmade80spopmusicpopular.C.80spopmusic’sstepstopopularity.

D.Theeffectsof80spopmusic.6.80spopmusicmainlyincludesthefollowingstylesEXCEPT________.A.guitar-basedmusic

B.theMTV

C.rapmusic

D.punkrock7.MichaelJackson’sThrillerimpressedpeoplesodeeplymainlybecause________.A.itchangedthelivesofpeople

B.hesangitinaspecialstyleC.itwasmadeintoamusicvideo

D.itleftpeoplewithhappymemories8.Thepurposeofthelastparagraphistotellreadersthat________.A.80spopmusicisandwillremainpopular

B.80spopmusichasmanyfaultsC.80spopmusicisnowoutofdate

D.weshouldn’tforgetthegreatmusiciansofthe80s【答案】5.B

6.A

7.C

8.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了20世纪80年代的流行音乐流行的原因，并列举了一些音乐家及其作品。【5题详解】主旨大意题。文章第一段中的“Thepopularityofmusicvideosmeantthatartistsnowreplacedtheirguitar-basedmusicwithvisualdisplays.Anewwaveofartistscameonthesceneandtheentireindustrydevelopedquickly.”（音乐视频的流行意味着艺术家们现在用视觉显示器取代了以吉他为基础的音乐。新一波的艺术家出现了，整个行业迅速发展起来。）以及其他段落提到的著名音乐家们可知，是音乐视频的流行以及著名音乐家们使80年代音乐流行起来。因此本文主要介绍了20世纪80年代的流行音乐流行的原因。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Anewwaveinthemusicscenewasintroduced,whichmadesuchmusicstylesaspunkrock,rapmusicandtheMTVpopular.”（音乐界掀起了一股新的浪潮，使朋克摇滚、说唱音乐、MTV等音乐风格大受欢迎。）可知，八十年代出现的新的音乐形式有朋克摇滚、说唱音乐和MTV。A项guitar-basedmusic没有出现。故选A项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Introducedin1982,fewpeoplecanforgetthevideonotonlybecauseofitsnever-before-seenimages.”（1982年推出，很少有人能忘记这段视频，这不仅是因为它以前从未见过的图象。）可知，因为musicvideo的引进，使得这首歌曲深入人心。故选C项。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Undoubtedly,the80spopmusicscenewillliveonformanymoreyearstocome.”（毫无疑问，80年代的流行音乐将在未来的许多年里继续存在。）可知，作者最后一段的写作目的在于告诉读者八十年代的流行音乐现在和将来都将流行。故选A项。二、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。Yesterday,Iwenttothebookstoretopickupapresentformymother’sbirthday.IfoundoneofthebooksIwanted,butnottheother.WhenIwentto1

,IaskedtheclerkbehindthecounterifIcould

2

thesecondbook.Aladywasstanding3

behindmeatthecheckout.Theclerksaidshecouldorderthebookforme,butwouldImindifshelettheladybehindmepayforher

4

first.Theladybehindmesaidno,itwasfine,she’dwait.Ittooknearly15minutesto5

myorderthrough!Theladybehindmehada(n)

6

chatwithusfortheentiretime.Whenitfinallycametimeformetopay,I7

two$10offcardsonthecounter.Theclerkinformedmetheofferwasonlyvalid(有效的)forthebookIwasbuyingin-storeandwouldn’t

8

forthebookI’dordered.ThismeantthatI’dhaveone$10offcard

9

.“Youcancomebackandbuyanotherbook.”theclerk10

.“Theofferisvaliduntiltheendoftheweek.”Ithoughtaboutthisforamillisecondandthen11

tofacetheladybehindmewho’dbeensopatient,kind,andcharmingthroughtheverylongwaitatthecheckout,“Here.”Igaveherthe$10offcard.Shewasvery12andsaid,“Really?”The13didn’tcostmeanything.IknewIwouldn’tbebackbeforetheendoftheweekandit14someonewhoseattitudeleftasmileinmyheart.Most15awin-winmoment.1.A.pay B.discount C.fold D.pack2.A.achieve B.order C.receive D.apply3.A.nearby B.nextto C.atrandom D.inline4.A.purchases B.products C.cards D.presents5.A.see B.go C.put D.pull6.A.brief B.anxious C.confidential D.friendly7.A.sent B.placed C.signed D.delivered8.A.use B.count C.work D.account9.A.left B.abandoned C.applied D.sold10.A.interrupted B.repeated C.smiledD.evaluated11.A.turneddown B.turnedaround C.turnedup D.turnedin12.A.calm B.relieved C.fearful D.surprised13.A.gift B.book C.attitude D.patience14.A.appreciated B.rewarded C.stimulated D.reminded15.A.potentially B.necessarily C.frequently D.definitely【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.A5.C6.D7.B8.C9.A10.C11.B

12.D13.A

14.B

15.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者去书店为妈妈挑选一件生日礼物，结账时被告知只能使用一张优惠卡，于是作者选择把其中一张送给了排在自己后面一直耐心等待的女士，作者认为这种是一种双赢的做法。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我去付款时，我问柜台后面的店员我是否可以订购第二本书。A.pay支付；B.discount折扣；C.fold折叠；D.pack包装。根据上文“IfoundoneofthebooksIwanted”可知作者拿了书准备去付款，故选A。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我去付款时，我问柜台后面的店员我是否可以订购第二本书。A.achieve实现；B.order订购；C.receive收到；D.apply申请。呼应后文“shecouldorderthebookforme”指作者想要再订购第二本书。故选B。【3题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：结账的时候，有位女士排队站在我后面。A.nearby附近的；B.nextto紧挨着；C.atrandom随便地；D.inline排队。根据后文“behindmeatthecheckout”可知结账的时候有个女士排队在作者后面。故选D。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：店员说她可以帮我订这本书，但问我是否介意她让我后面的那位女士先付款。A.purchases所购物；B.products产品；C.cards卡片；D.presents礼物。根据上文“lettheladybehindmepayforher”指让排在后面的女士先为自己的所购物付款，故选A。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的订单花了将近15分钟才通过。A.see看见；B.go离开；C.put放置；D.pull拉。根据后文“myorderthrough”可知为短语pullthrough“通过”。故选C。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我后面的女士一直和我们友好地聊天。A.brief简要的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.confidential机密的；D.friendly友好的。根据后文“chatwithusfortheentiretime”在等待过程中女士一直和作者友好聊天。故选D。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后轮到我付钱的时候，我在柜台上放了两张10美元的优惠卡。A.sent寄出；B.placed放置；C.signed署名；D.delivered递送。根据后文“two$10offcardsonthecounter”可知指将两张10美元的支付卡放在柜台上。故选B。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：店员告诉我，这个优惠只对我在店里买的书有效，对我订购的书无效。A.use使用；B.count数数；C.work起作用；D.account解释。根据后文“forthebookI’dordered”指优惠卡对订购的书不起作用，work符合语境。故选C。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着我会剩一张10美元的优惠卡。A.left留下，离开；B.abandoned抛弃；C.applied应用；D.sold出售。优惠卡对订购的书无效，意味着作者会剩下一张10美元的优惠卡。故选A。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你可以回来再买一本书。”店员笑着说。A.interrupted打断；B.repeated重复；C.smiled微笑；D.evaluated评估。根据后文“Theofferisvaliduntiltheendoftheweek.”店员善意的提醒，可知店员态度很好，微笑着提醒作者的。故选C。【11题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想了一毫秒，然后转过身对我身后那位在漫长的结账过程中一直那么耐心、善良、迷人的女士说：“给你。”A.turneddown关小；B.turnedaround转身；C.turnedup开大；D.turnedin上交。根据上文“Theclerksaidshecouldorderthebookforme,butwouldImindifshelettheladybehindmepayforher4first.”可知，女士在作者的后面，由此可知作者需要转过身才能和女士说话。故选B。【12题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她非常惊讶地问：“真的吗？”A.calm平静的；B.relieved安慰的；C.fearful害怕的；D.surprised惊讶的。作者和女士是陌生人，却要送女士优惠卡，所以女士很惊讶。故选D。【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这份礼物没花我一分钱。A.gift礼物；B.book书；C.attitude态度；D.patience耐心。作者把优惠卡当作礼物送给女士，即这份礼物并没有花作者的钱。故选A。【14题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我不能在周末之前回来，这对那些在我心中留下微笑的人来说是一种回报。A.appreciated感激；B.rewarded奖励，回报；C.stimulated促进；D.reminded提醒。根据后文“someonewhoseattitudeleftasmileinmyheart”可知这张优惠卡是作者对那些在自己心中留下微笑的人的一种回报。故选B。【15题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这绝对是一个双赢的时刻。A.potentially可能地；B.necessarily必要地；C.frequently频繁地；D.definitely清楚地。根据后文“awin-winmoment”可知作者得到了别人的善意，别人也收到了作者的优惠卡作为回报，所以绝对是一个双赢的时刻。故选D。一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AKoalasliveintheeucalyptus

（枝树）forestsofsoutheasternandeasternAustralia.Theyrelyontheeucalyptustreeforbothhabitatandfood.Infact,theyseldomleavethesetrees.Whennotsleeping,they'reusuallyeating.Theycaneatmorethanapoundofeucalyptusleavesaday.Eucalyptusispoisonous,sothekoala'sdigestive

（消化的）systemhastoworkhardtodigestit,breakingdownthepoisonsandtakinginthelimitednutrients

（营养）.That'swhykoalassleepfor18to22hoursaday—theygetverylittleenergyfromtheirdiet.Koalanumbersdecreasedinthelate19thandearly20thcenturyfromhuntingfortheirfur.Nowtheyfaceseriousthreatsfromhabitatloss.Landclearingandbushfires-especiallythe2019-2020AustraliaBushfireSeason-havedestroyedmuchoftheforesttheylivein.Koalasareeasytobeaffectedbyclimatechange.Increasingcarbondioxideintheatmosphereisdecreasingthenutritionalqualityofeucalyptusleavesandcausinglonger,moreseriousdroughtsandwildfires.Inresponsetodrought,koalasarcforcedtostopsleepingandcomedownfromthetreestofindwater,puttingthematahigherriskofbeingkilled.KoalashavebeenidentifiedbytheAustraliangovernmentasoneofthe113animalsrequiringurgent

（紧急的）help.Ensuringthere'stherightkindofforestforthemtoreturntoisextremelyurgent.Stategovernmentsshouldcreatenewkoalareservesandpersuadelandownersnottocutdowneucalyptustrees.Meanwhile,gettingthepublictounderstandkoalas'livinghabitsandtheirhealthwillthrowlightonkoalabiology,whichhelpstodevelopplanstobetterprotectthespecies.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutkoalas?A.Theylikemovingaroundverymuch.B.Theyhavedevelopedsmartsurvivalskills.C.TheycanbefoundeverywhereinAustralia.D.Theyoftengotillwhileeatingeucalyptusleaves.2.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Koalas'newly-formedhabits.

B.Koalas'decreasingpopulation.C.ThepotentialthreatstoKoalas.

D.Theoutcomesofincreasedcarbondioxide.3.Whatisthemostimportantthingtodorightnowtoprotectkoalas?A.Conducttheresearchontheirlivinghabits.B.Makesuretheycanhavetheirhabitatback.C.Realizethattheyaresensitivetoclimatechange.D.Educatepeopleabouttheawarenessofprotectingthem.4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Anaturemagazine.

B.Atravelbrochure.C.Asportsnewspaper.

D.Ahealthmagazine.【答案】1.B

2.C

3.B

4.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了考拉这种动物和考拉面对的生存危机，并提出了保护措施。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句到第六句“Whennotsleeping,they'reusuallyeating.Theycaneatmorethanapoundofeucalyptusleavesaday.Eucalyptusispoisonous,sothekoala'sdigestive

（消化的）systemhastoworkhardtodigestit,breakingdownthepoisonsandtakinginthelimitednutrients

（营养）.That'swhykoalassleepfor18to22hoursaday—theygetverylittleenergyfromtheirdiet.”（不睡觉的时候，它们通常在吃东西。它们一天可以吃超过一磅的桉树叶。桉树有毒，所以考拉的消化系统必须努力消化它，分解有毒物质，吸收有限的营养，这就是考拉一天要睡18到22个小时的原因——它们从食物中获得的能量非常少。）可知，考拉已经发展出了聪明的生存技能。故选B。【2题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“Nowtheyfaceseriousthreatsfromhabitatloss.”（现在它们面临着栖息地丧失的严重威胁。）和第四句“Koalasareeasytobeaffectedbyclimatechange.”（考拉很容易受到气候变化的影响。）可知，第二段主要是讲考拉面对的潜在威胁。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Ensuringthere'stherightkindofforestforthemtoreturntoisextremelyurgent.”（确保有适合它们返回的森林是非常紧迫的。）可知，确保它们能回到自己的栖息地是现在保护考拉要做的最重要的事情。故选B。【4题详解】推理判断题。这篇文章是介绍考拉和考拉面对的生存危机，并提出了保护措施，所以应该来自一本自然杂志。故选A。BDogsareoftenreferredtoas“man’sbestfriend”.ButMacKenzie,afour-poundchihuahua,whowasnamedwinnerofthe2020AmericanHeroDogCompetitiononOctober19,2020,ismakingtheworldabetterplaceforhumansandanimalsalike.Initstenthyearin2020,theannualcontestisthebrainchildofAmericanHumaneAssociation,thecountry’sfirstnationalcharitableorganizationfoundedforthesafetyandwell-beingofanimals.Oftencalledthe“Oscarsfordogs”,theawardrecognizesdogswhomakeextremelygreatcontributions(贡献)tosociety.Thecompetitionof2020attractedover400entriesfromacrossthecountry.Theseheroicdogshavegoneabovethecallofduty,savinglives,comfortingtheillandagedandremindingusofthepowerful,age-oldtiesbetweenanimalsandpeople.Whileallwereimpressive,itwastinyMacKenziewhowonthejudges’hearts.MacKenzie’spathtostardomwasnoteasy.Bornwithamouthdisability,shehadtobefedthroughatube(管子)forthefirstyearofherlife.Despiteherownstruggles,shealwaysseemedtothinkmoreofotheranimalsinneed.“NeverhaveIseensuchawilltolive.Thoughsick,shecarefullylookedafterthebabyanimalsattherescue(救助)center,”saidhercaretaker.Alife-savingoperationperformedin2014gaveMacKenzietheabilitytoeatindependently.Theseven-year-oldchihuahuaisnowworkingfortheMiaFoundationsNewYork-basedcharitableorganizationthatrescuesandnursesanimalswithinborndisabilities.Thechihuahuadoesanexcellentjobandhasraisedvariousanimals.Sheplaysnurse,cleans,comfortsandhugsthem,actingastheirmotherandteachingthemhowtosocialize,playandhavegoodmanners.Inadditiontoherroleasananimalcaretaker,MacKenziealsovisitsschoolstoeducatekidsabouttheimportanceofacceptingphysicaldifferencesinbothanimalsandpeople.Herheart-warmingandinspiringstorymakesheraworthyreceiverofAmericanstopdoghonor!5.WhatcanwelearnabouttheAmericanHeroDogCompetition?A.Itwasstartedbyacharitableorganization.B.Itwasmeanttohonorcaretakersofdogs.C.Ittakesplaceeverytenyears.D.Itwasfirstheldin2012.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMacKenzie?A.Talentedandstrong.

B.Courageousandselfless.C.Funnyandfriendly.

D.Confidentandpicky.7.InwhichaspectcanstudentsbenefitfromMacKenzie’svisits?A.Learningfromfailures.

B.Valuingphysicalhealth.C.Understandingthedisabled.

D.Developingpracticalability.8.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.DogsAreMan’sBestFriendsB.TreatDogstheWayWeWanttoBeTreatedC.2020AmericanHeroDog:ATinyChihuahuaD.TouchingStoriesBetweenMacKenzieandPeople【答案】5.A

6.B

7.C

8.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2020年美国英雄狗狗大赛的冠军——一只4磅重的小吉娃娃狗MacKenzie——的故事以及获奖的原因。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Initstenthyearin2020,theannualcontestisthebrainchildofAmericanHumaneAssociation,thecountry’sfirstnationalcharitableorganizationfoundedforthesafetyandwell-beingofanimals.(到2020年，这个一年一度的比赛已经举办了10年，它是美国人道组织的创意，这是美国第一个为动物安全和福祉而成立的全国性慈善组织。)”可知，美国英雄狗大赛是由一个慈善组织发起的。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Bornwithamouthdisability,shehadtobefedthroughatube(管子)forthefirstyearofherlife.Despiteherownstruggles,shealwaysseemedtothinkmoreofotheranimalsinneed.“NeverhaveIseensuchawilltolive.Thoughsick,shecarefullylookedafterthebabyanimalsattherescue(救助)center,”saidhercaretaker.(她生来就有口腔残疾，在她出生的第一年里，她必须通过导管进食。尽管她自己也在挣扎，但她似乎总是更多地为其他需要帮助的动物着想。“我从来没有见过这样的求生意愿。尽管生病了，她还是在救援中心细心地照顾着这些小动物。”她的照顾者说。)”MacKenzie天生嘴有缺陷，在极其艰难的情况下，她奋力抗争活了下来，可知她是很勇敢的；尽管生病了，她小心翼翼地照顾动物救援中心的小动物和总是更多地考虑其他需要帮助的动物，可知她是无私的。故选B项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Inadditiontoherroleasananimalcaretaker,MacKenziealsovisitsschoolstoeducatekidsabouttheimportanceofacceptingphysicaldifferencesinbothanimalsandpeople.

(除了作为动物照顾者的角色，MacKenzie还访问学校，教育孩子们接受动物和人的生理差异的重要性。)”可知，MacKenzie对学校的访问可使学生们进一步的了解残疾人。故选C项。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Dogsareoftenreferredtoas“man’sbestfriend”.ButMacKenzie,afour-poundchihuahua,whowasnamedwinnerofthe2020AmericanHeroDogCompetitiononOctober19,2020,ismakingtheworldabetterplaceforhumansandanimalsalike.(狗通常被认为“人类最好的朋友”。但是，一只4磅重的吉娃娃狗MacKenzie在2020年10月19日赢得了2020年美国英雄