高中英语人教版必修一学案Unit4WarmingUpReading

Unit4Earthquakes►转化shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动→rescuen．援救；营救→vt.援救；营救trapvt.使陷入困境→n.陷阱；困境sheltern．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处→v.保护；掩蔽；躲避damagen．损失；损害→vt.毁坏；损害judgen．裁判员；法官→vt.判定；判断；判决►派生名词后缀：­erminen．矿，矿山；矿井→minern．矿工reportvt.报道→reportern．记者形容词后缀：­y，­al，­lessdirtn．泥垢；泥土→dirtyadj.脏的nationn．民族；国家；国民→nationaladj.民族的usen．用处→uselessadj.无用的；无效的；无益的副词后缀：­lysincereadj.真诚的；真挚的→sincerelyadv.真诚地►合成earth(地球)＋quake(震动)→earthquaken．地震地震可能会带来很大的伤亡，但是如果在平时你能做好准备，你幸存下来的机会会大大增加。那么我们需要做好哪些准备呢？Herearesometipstohelpyouincreasethechancesofsurviving.plan.Findearthquake.Forplan.Findasafeplaceineveryroom，suchasadeskoratable，whereyoucanfindcoverinanearthquake.Fortwo­floorhomes，getaproper­sizedladdertogetoutthroughawindowifthestairsaredamaged.separated.Deciderfamilywillre­meetifyouareseparated.Decideonanout­of­townrelativeforfamilymemberstogetintouchwith.Attachthingssuchastallfurnitureandwaterheaterstothewallsothattheywillnotbeknockedoverduringanearthquake.Prepareanemergencykit(成套工具)foryourhomeandacarthathasfood，water，clothing，flashlights，aradioandafirst­aidkitinit.starts.Dropodowhenanearthquakestarts.Drop，coverandon.Onlyonstops.Ifafewstepstoasafeplaceforcoverandstaythereuntiltheshakingstops.Ifyouareinacar，slowdownanddrivetosomewhereawayfromtreeslines.Staylines.Stayinyourcaruntiltheshakingsops.Practicefortherealthingtohelpkeepaclearheadwhenarealearthquakehappens.词海拾贝1．increasevt.增加2．getintouchwithsb与某人取得联系3．attachvt.把……固定4．holdon坚持5．keepaclearhead保持清醒的头脑WarmingUp&ReadingⅠ.重点单词1．earthquaken．地震quaken．地震；震动2．burstvi.爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发3．ruinn．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产4．sufferingn．苦难；痛苦5．extremeadj.极度的6．injurevt.损害；伤害7．destroyvt.毁坏；破坏；消灭8．uselessadj.无用的；无效的；无益的usefuladj.有用的9．shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动10．rescuevt.&11．trapvt.使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境12．disastern．灾难；灾祸13．buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏14．sheltern．掩蔽处；避身处；掩蔽15．reportern．记者Ⅱ.核心短语1．right_away立刻；马上2．think_little_of不在意；看轻3．as_if仿佛；好像4．at_an_end结束；终结5．in_ruins严重受损；破败不堪6．dig_out掘出；发现7．a_(great)_number_of许多；大量的Ⅲ.经典句式1．Inthefarmyards，thechickensandeventhepigsweretoo_nervous_to_eat.在农家小院里的鸡，甚至猪都害怕得不吃东西。2．ThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.即使空中没有飞机，在唐山城外也可以听到飞机声。3．It_seemed_as_iftheworldwasatanend!仿佛到了世界末日！4．Everywhere_they_lookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。5．Allhopewasnotlost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。阅读清障①well/wel/n．井②rise/raz/vi.上升；增加(不用于被动语态)③crack/krk/n．裂缝；噼啪声vt.&v④smelly/smel/adj.发臭的；有臭味的⑤farmyard/fmjd/n．农场；农家⑥too..to...太……而不能※现在分词短语作伴随状语。※when引导时间状语从句，even用在when前起加强语气的作用。⑦pipe/pap/n．管；导管⑧burst/bst/vi.爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发⑨million/mljən/n．百万⑩thinklittleof认为……没什么了不起⑪event/Ivent/n．事件；大事⑫asif仿佛；好像⑬atanend结束；终结⑭directlyadv.正好，恰好※which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beijing。⑮nation/nen/n．民族；国家；国民※that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词crack，that在从句中作主语，不可省略。⑯cutacross横穿；抄近路穿越⑰canal/kənl/n．运河；水道⑱steam/stim/n．蒸汽；水汽⑲dirt/dt/n．污垢；泥土⑳ruin/run/n．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产inruins严重受损；破败不堪eq\o(○,\s\up2(21))suffering/sfər/n．苦难；痛苦eq\o(○,\s\up2(22))extreme/Ikstrim/adj.极度的eq\o(○,\s\up2(23))two­thirds三分之二当分数的分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。eq\o(○,\s\up2(24))injure/ndə/vt.损害；伤害eq\o(○,\s\up2(25))of...umberof...……的数量eq\o(○,\s\up2(26))survivor/səvavə/n．幸存者；生还者※everywhere用作连词，引导地点状语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up2(27))nearly/nəl/adv.几乎；将近；差不多eq\o(○,\s\up2(28))destroy/dIstr/vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭eq\o(○,\s\up2(29))goneadj.不复存在；用完了；走了eq\o(○,\s\up2(30))brick/brk/n．砖；砖块eq\o(○,\s\up2(31))cover/kvə(r)/vt.覆盖；报道eq\o(○,\s\up2(32))dam/dm/n．水坝；堰堤eq\o(○,\s\up2(33))track/trk/n．轨道；足迹；痕迹eq\o(○,\s\up2(34))useless/jusls/adj.无用的；无效的eq\o(○,\s\up2(35))tensofthousandsof数以万计的eq\o(○,\s\up2(36))shockedadj.惊愕的，受震惊的shock/k/vt.&vn．休克；打击；震惊eq\o(○,\s\up2(37))quake/kwek/n．地震eq\o(○,\s\up2(38))rescue/reskju/n．&vt.援救；营救eq\o(○,\s\up2(39))trap/trp/vt.使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境betrappedin被困在……中eq\o(○,\s\up2(40))electricity/lektrsət/n．电；电流※本句为“主语＋连系动词＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构，其中Water，food，andelectricity是get的逻辑宾语，toget用主动形式表达被动含义。eq\o(○,\s\up2(41))wonder/wndə(r)/v．琢磨；想知道n．奇观；惊奇eq\o(○,\s\up2(42))disaster/dzstə/n．灾难；灾祸※All...not...相当于Notall...，表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的……都……”。eq\o(○,\s\up2(43))digout掘出；发现eq\o(○,\s\up2(44))bury/ber/vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏eq\o(○,\s\up2(45))tothenorthof...相当于northof...，意为“位于……以北”。eq\o(○,\s\up2(46))miner/manə/n．矿工eq\o(○,\s\up2(47))berescuedfrom被从……中解救出，其主动形式为rescuesbfrom“把某人从……中解救出”。eq\o(○,\s\up2(48))mine/man/n．矿；矿山；矿井eq\o(○,\s\up2(49))shelter/eltə/n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处※whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作homes的定语。,原文呈现ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewells①rose②andfell，roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracks③inthem.Asmelly④gascameoutofthecracks.Inthefarmyards⑤，thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervousto⑥eat.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.Fishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.Atabout3：00amonJuly28,1976，somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.ThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.Inthecity，thewaterpipes⑦insomebuildingscrackedandburst⑧.Buttheonemillion⑨peopleofthecity，whothoughtlittleof⑩theseevents⑪，wereasleepasusualthatnight.At3：42ameverythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasif⑫theworldwasatanend⑬！Elevenkilometresdirectly⑭belowthecityoneofthegreatestearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing，whichismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.One­thirdofthenation⑮feltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacross⑯houses，roadsandcanals⑰.Steam⑱burstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt⑲.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins⑳.Thesufferingeq\o(○,\s\up2(21))ofthepeoplewasextremeeq\o(○,\s\up2(22)).Two­thirdseq\o(○,\s\up2(23))ofthemdiedorwereinjuredeq\o(○,\s\up2(24))duringtheearthquake.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofeq\o(○,\s\up2(25))peoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Buthowcouldthesurvivorseq\o(○,\s\up2(26))believeitwasnatural？Everywheretheylookednearlyeq\o(○,\s\up2(27))everythingwasdestroyedeq\o(○,\s\up2(28)).Allofthecity'shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregoneeq\o(○,\s\up2(29)).Brickseq\o(○,\s\up2(30))coveredeq\o(○,\s\up2(31))thegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind，however，couldblowthemaway.Twodamseq\o(○,\s\up2(32))fellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailwaytrackseq\o(○,\s\up2(33))werenowuselesseq\o(○,\s\up2(34))piecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsofeq\o(○,\s\up2(35))cowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshockedeq\o(○,\s\up2(36)).Then，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeeq\o(○,\s\up2(37))whichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueeq\o(○,\s\up2(38))workersanddoctorsweretrappedeq\o(○,\s\up2(39))undertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water，food，andelectricityeq\o(○,\s\up2(40))werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowondereq\o(○,\s\up2(41))howlongthedisastereq\o(○,\s\up2(42))wouldlast.Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelptherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigouteq\o(○,\s\up2(43))thosewhoweretrappedandtoburyeq\o(○,\s\up2(44))thedead.Tothenorthofeq\o(○,\s\up2(45))thecity，mostofthe10,000minerseq\o(○,\s\up2(46))wererescuedfromeq\o(○,\s\up2(47))thecoalmineseq\o(○,\s\up2(48))there.Workersbuiltshelterseq\o(○,\s\up2(49))forsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybytrain，truckandplane.Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.,课文译文地球的一个不眠之夜河北省东北部的农村不断有怪事发生。三天来，村子里的井水升升降降、起起伏伏。农民们注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方躲藏。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼往外跳。1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，一些人看到空中出现一道道亮光。即使空中没有飞机，在唐山市外也可以听到飞机的声音。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的100万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当作一回事，那天晚上照常睡着了。凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。仿佛到了世界末日！20世纪最大的地震之一就在唐山市正下方11千米处爆发了。在200多千米以外的北京也感觉到了震动，全国三分之一的地方都有震感。一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房屋、道路和水道。蒸汽从地上的洞里冒了出来。坚硬的岩石山变成了泥沙河。在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就成了废墟。人们遭受了极大的苦难。2/3的人在地震中丧生或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死亡和重伤人数达到40多万。然而，幸存者又怎么能相信这是自然的呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。市内所有的医院、75%的工厂和建筑以及90%的住宅都不复存在了。残砖就像秋天的红叶一样覆盖着大地，然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。两座水坝垮了，大多数桥梁不是塌了，就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今变成了一条条废钢。数以万计的奶牛再也不能产奶了，50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，那天下午晚些时候，强度几乎和第一次地震一样的又一次地震在唐山爆发了。一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。更多的建筑倒塌了。水、食物和电都很难弄到。人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震发生后不久，解放军派了15万名战士到唐山协助救援人员开展救援工作。数十万的人得到了救助。解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市以北的地区，1万名矿工中大部分被从煤矿中救了出来。救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者建了避难所，并用火车、卡车和飞机运来了淡水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。Ⅰ.Choosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．Howlongdidtheearthquakelast?A．15minutes. B．42minutes.C．15seconds. D．42seconds.2．WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．PeopleinBeijingfelttheearthquake.B．PeopleofTangshancaredmuchaboutthestrangeeventsbeforetheearthquake.C．Iftheearthquakehadhappenedduringthedaytime，itwouldn'thavecausedsomanydeaths.D．Manysoldiershelpedtorescuethepeoplewhoweretrappedundertheruins.3．Whichofthefollowingcanalsobeusedasatitleofthepassage?A．TangshanEarthquakeB．TheWorldatanEndC．HowtoPreventanEarthquakeD．NewTangshan4．Whatdoesthelastsentence“Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.”mean?A．Peoplewhoweretrappedcametolife.B．Thetreesturnedgreen.C．Theanimalsbegantobreathe.D．Thecityreturnedtonormalgradually.5．ManystrangethingshappenedinthecountrysideEXCEPTthat________.A．thewellwallshaddeepcracksinthemB．someanimalsweretoonervoustoeatC．fishjumpedoutofbowlsandpondsD．birdsflewhigherthanusual答案1.C2.B3.A4.D5.DⅡ.True(T)orFalse(F)．1．BeforeJuly28,1976，strangethingshappenedinthecountrysideofnorthwestHebei.(F)2．WhentheearthquakehappenedinHebei，one­thirdofthenationcouldfeelit.(T)3．Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan4,000,000.(F)4．AnotherbigquakeshookTangshanwhilerescueworkersanddoctorsweresavingthepeopletrapped.(T)5．Animalslikecows，pigsandchickensaswellaspeoplesufferedalotintheearthquake.(T)1．Imagineyourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitright_away.(教材P25)想像你家开始震动并且你必须马上离开。rightaway立刻；马上归纳拓展rightnow现在；马上atonce马上；立刻innotime马上；立刻①I'llreturnthebooktoyourightnow.我会马上还书给你。②Ifanythinghappenstohim，letmeknowatonce.如果他发生什么事，请立刻通知我。2．Inthecity，thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.(教材P26)在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。burst(burst，burst)vt.爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发归纳拓展burstin/into闯进，突然破门而入eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(burstintolaughter/tears,burstoutlaughing/crying))突然大笑/哭起来aburstof一阵……①WhenItoldherthebadnews，Helenburstintotears.当我把那坏消息告诉海伦时，她突然大哭起来。②WhenImentionedtheincidentlatertohim，heburstoutlaughing(laugh)．当我后来向他提及这件小事时，他突然大笑起来。③Whenwewerechattingintheroom，heburstin.当我们正在房间里谈话时他闯进来了。3．Itseemedas_iftheworldwasat_an_end！(教材P26)仿佛到了世界末日！(1)该句为复合句，asif＝asthough“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。①Healwaystalkstomeasifheweremybrother.他跟我说话时总是像我的哥哥一样。(2)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，句子要用陈述语气。②Itlooksas_ifitisgoingtorain.看起来好像要下雨了。(3)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反过去时(be动词用were)与过去事实相反过去完成时(haddone)与将来事实相反would/could/might＋do③Heactsasif/asthoughhewere(be)anexpert.他表现得就像个专家。④Shewalkedslowlyasifshehad_hurt(hurt)herleg.她走得很慢，似乎腿受伤了。atanend结束；终结⑤ThemeetingwasnearlyatanendwhenIgottothemeetingroom.当我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。归纳拓展etoanend结束eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(bringsthtoanend,putanendto))(使)结束；终结⑥Theydecidedtoputanendtothequarrel.＝Theydecidedtobringthequarreltoanend.他们决定结束争吵。⑦Withoutwater，lifewouldetoanend.没有水，生命就会完结。4．Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.(教材P26)在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦陷在一片废墟之中。ruinn．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产①Theheavyrainpletelyruinedourholiday.大雨把我们的假期彻底毁了。归纳拓展be/lieinruins成为废墟fallintoruin成为废墟etoruin毁灭，落空②Alargenumberofchurchesfellintoruinafterthebigflood.洪水过后，大批的教堂毁掉了。③Whatleftthetownin_ruins?是什么让这个小镇化为废墟的？5．Two­thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.(教材P26)他们当中三分之二的人在地震中或死或伤。injurevt.损害；伤害归纳拓展(1)injuredadj.受伤的theinjured伤员(2)injuryn．伤；伤口；伤害dosbaninjury/doaninjurytosb伤害某人①Ambulancestooktheinjuredtoanearbyhospital.救护车把伤者送到了附近的一家医院。②Don'tdothat.You'lldoyourselfaninjury/doaninjurytoyourself.别那样做。你会把自己弄伤的。[易混辨析]injure/wound/hurt一般指由于意外事故造成的损伤作名词或动词。主要指暴力或战争中所受的伤，如刀伤、枪伤主要指肉体上、精神上和感情上的伤害[即学即用]选用以上单词填空③Thedriverofabuswaswoundedbyaknife.④I'msorry，Ididn'tmeantohurtyou.⑤Anumberofbombshaveexploded，seriouslyinjuringatleastfivepeople.6．Peoplewereshocked.(教材P26)人们惊呆了。shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n．①Shestillhadn'tgotovertheshockofseeinghimagain.竟然又见到了他，她到现在还惊愕不已。归纳拓展(1)beshockedby/at...对……感到震惊beshockedtodo...因做……而震惊beshockedthat...对……感到震惊(2)shockedadj.感到震惊的shockingadj.令人震惊的②Rescueworkerswereshockedby/atwhattheysaw.救援人员对眼前的景象感到震惊。③Iwasshockedto_hear(hear)thathehadresigned.听到他辞职的消息我感到很震惊。[名师点津]shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前可以与不定冠词连用。④It'saterribleshocktohimthathiswifediedinthetrafficaccident.他的妻子在车祸中丧生对他来说是一个极大的打击。7．Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.(教材P26)有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。rescuen．&vt.援救；营救①Peoplesuccessfullyrescuedtheminerstrappedundergroundfor36days.人们成功营救了被困井下36天的矿工们。归纳拓展arescueteam救援队rescuesb/sthfrom...把……从……营救出来e/gotoone'srescue来/去营救某人②Thepolicecametohisrescueandsenthimhome.警察救了他，并把他送回了家。③Thefiremenrescuedfivechildrenfromtheburninghouseyesterday.昨天消防队员从着火的房子里营救出了五个孩子。trapvt.使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境归纳拓展betrappedin困于……中trapsbintodoingsth陷害/诱骗某人做某事setatrapforsb为某人设套fallintoatrap落入圈套④Trapped(trap)inthemountainfortwodays，thetravellerswerehopeless.在山里被困了两天后，这些游客很无助。⑤Thewomantrappedhimintogivingawaythebusinesssecret.那女人诱骗他泄露了商务秘密。⑥Shehadsetatrapforhimandhehadwalkedstraightintoit.她给他布下圈套，他就径直落入圈套。8．Allhopewasnotlost.(教材P26)不是所有的希望都破灭了。(1)all...not...意为“不是所有的……都……”，这种用法称为部分否定。①Allthatglittersisnotgold.＝Notallthatglittersisgold.发光的并不都是金子。(2)当not与all，both，everyone，everything，everywh