Unit 4 精准辅导学练测 (原卷版)

-2024学年高二英语【精准辅导】学练测Unit4AdversityandCourage目录一单元重点词汇讲解突出重难点，点拨引导学生发现问题、解决问题二单元重点短语（汉译英）精准掌握单元重点短语三单句语法填空精准掌握语法用法四课文经典回顾课本知识语法填空自测五阅读理解提升阅读的理解能力六七选五提升推理判断能力，对文章结构的理解能力和还原信息、完形短文的能力七完形填空提高学习英语的综合能力八语法填空提升逻辑判断、分析理解能力九单元重点句式训练经典句型，提高写作水平十学习背诵范文给美国朋友回信推荐一本适合的中文书十一书面表达一．单元重点词汇讲解1.【词汇拓展】_________adj.热情的；热心的→_________adv.热心地；满腔热情地→_________n.热情；积极性【常用搭配】beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth对(做)某事有热情arouse/excite/inspiresb’senthusiasmforsth激起某人对……的热情showgreatenthusiasmforsth对……表现出极大热情withenthusiasm怀着热情地……befullofenthusiasm充满热情【即学即练】1.He’salwaysbeenveryenthusiastic________sports.2.Today,Iamjustas________________(enthusiasm)aboutmyjobasthedayIfirststarted.3.Everyday,sheworks________________(enthusiastical).4.AlthoughRosemaryhadsufferedfromaseriousillnessforyears，shelostnoneofher____________(enthusiastic)forlife.5.Withoutmyteacher’sguidance，Iwouldn’thavebeen___________________________(对学英语有热情).6.获胜者凯旋而归时受到了热烈欢迎。_______________________________________________whentheyarrivedhome.2.【词汇拓展】_________vt.分派；布置；分配→_________n.工作,任务【常用搭配】assignsbsth(=assignsthtosb)给某人分配/布置……assignsbas…指派某人担任……职务assignsbtodosth指派某人做某事Sbbeassignedtosb./sth.某人被指派去做某事【即学即练】1.Itisnecessarytodevelopgoodhabits，likewritingdownyour_______________(assign)andhandinginyourhomeworkontime.2.Myteacherassignedme_____________(write)anessayaboutthereformandopening-uppolicyofChina.3.Onemanwasassigned__________(operate)eachsectionofroughly10jackscrews(起重机).4.这两间大教室分配给了我们。Thetwolargeclassrooms____________________.3.【词汇拓展】_________vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→_________adj.被遗弃的；被抛弃的【常用搭配】abandonsb(tosb/sth)离弃/抛弃某人withabandon放任地；纵情地abandononeselfto(doing)sth沉溺于做某事abandonaplace/sth/sb离开某地/放弃某物/人abandonfaith/hope失去信心/希望abandondoingsth.放弃做某事abandononeselftosth./doingsth.沉溺于(做)某事beabandonedto(doing)沉湎于……【知识拓展】注意abandon主语通常是人，一般不用于现在进行时态。【即学即练】1.Rescuershad__________(abandon)allthehopeoffindinganymoresurvivors.2.I’mconsideringabandoning___________(smoke)soon3.Thefanscheered_______________abandonwhentheirfavoritefootballteamwon.4.Toourrelief,thekind-heartedcoupleadoptedthe__________(abandon)childoutofsympathy.5.Badcustomsandlawsoughtto_______________(abandon)，sincetheyareinappropriateforthedevelopmentofthesociety.6.Atthesadnews,he_________________________(陷入绝望中不能自拔）.7.他沉溺于网络游戏，这对他的学业成绩产生了很坏的影响。_______________________________，whichhadabadeffectonhisacademicperformances.(abandon)4.【词汇拓展】_________n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌→_________adj.羡慕的;忌妒的→_________adv.美慕地【常用搭配】envysb(doing)sth羡慕某人(做)某事withenvy羡慕地；嫉妒地betheenvyofsb是令某人羡慕(忌妒)的事物begreenwithenvy十分嫉妒；眼红envysb.sth.羡慕某人某物be/becometheenvyof...成为羡慕/忌妒的对象【即学即练】1.Myfriendsweregreen___________envywhenIgaveatalentshowatourschool’sculturalartfestival.2.Don’tbeenvious___________therunnerwhoisattheforefrontofthelane;justfocusonfinishingyourrace.3.每个人都羡慕地看着她。Everyonelooksather__________________________________________.4.我羡慕你有这么一个大家庭。Ienvyyou__________________________________________.5.【词汇拓展】_________vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n.决心；坚定的信念→_________n.决议；解决；坚定【常用搭配】resolveadispute/conflict/problem解决冲突/争端/问题resolvetodosth下定决心做某事resolveon(doing)sth下定决心(做)某事Itisresolvedthat…(经正式投票)做出决定，做出决议newyear’sresolutions新年计划makearesolutiontodo决心做...【即学即练】1.Ihaveresolved_______________(assign)themostchallengingtasktoTom—ahard-workingandenthusiasticman.2.Nowthenumberofstudentswhoresolve______________studyingabroadaftergraduationisonthedecrease.3.因此我们国家决定不遗余力地保护它们。Culturalrelicsrepresentthewisdomofourancestors,so_______________________________________.6.【词汇拓展】_________n.运气；财富→_________adj.幸运的→_________adv.幸运地→_________adv.不幸地；遗憾地【常用搭配】makeafortune发财；赚大钱fameandfortune名利befortunatetodosth有幸能做某事befortunateinhavingsth幸运能拥有某物【即学即练】1.______________(fortunate),noonetookmyopinionseriously.2.Ifeelfortunate__________(have)thegiftoftime.7.【词汇拓展】_________vt.引路；指导n.向导；导游→_________n.指导；引导；导航【常用搭配】undertheguidanceof在……的指导下careerguidance就业指导；就业辅导trafficguidance交通指南；航路指示touristguide旅行手册guidesbto/through/around给某人带路【即学即练】1.Everyhouseholdinthevillagereceivedabrochureoffering___________(guide)ongarbagesorting.2.Actually,wewereluckybecauseitwasa___________(guide)guidedtour.3.在父亲的指导下，他们采取了积极的行动，重新开始。__________________________,theytookpositiveactionandstartedalloveragain.8.【词汇拓展】_________vt.承诺；犯(错误或罪行)→_________adj.忠诚的；坚定的→_________n.承诺；保证；奉献【常用搭配】makeacommitmenttosb/sth对……做出承诺commitacrime犯罪commitsuicide自杀commitoneselftosth/doingsth承诺/保证做某事becommittedtodoingsth承诺做某事【即学即练】1.这两个国家承诺和平共处。Thetwocountries________________________liveinpeace.2.永远要相信只要你全心全意地投入，目标是可以达到的。Alwaysbelievethatyourgoalisattainableaslongas________________________.9.【词汇拓展】_________n.动机；原因；目的→_________vt.激励；激发；使有动机→_________adj.有动机的，有积极性的→_________n.动力，动机，诱因【常用搭配】amotiveforsth某事的动机motivatesbtodosth激发/激励某人做某事themotivationforsth做某事的动力【即学即练】1.Howdoyoumotivatepeople_________(work)hardandefficiently?

2.Theyareoftennot_________(motivate)tolearnthroughthismethod.3.Mostpeoplesaidthatpaywastheirmainmotivation_________working.10.【词汇拓展】_________vt.&vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→_________adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等→_________n.资格；资历；资格证书【常用搭配】aqualifiedaccountant/candidatebequalifiedforsth.有资格获得某物bequalifiedtodosth.有资格做某事qualifysb.todosth.使某人有资格做某事【即学即练】1.Theapplicantisn’tqualified_______(do)thejobashedoesn’thavetherelevantexperiencerequiredforthejob.2.IholdthestrongbeliefthatIamqualified________________thepositionadvertisedinthenewspaper.3.Studyingcomputerlessons，whicharedesignedforchildren，isanimportant_____________(qualify)todothejob.4.Allthecolleaguesconsiderhimtobeavery_____________(qualify)teacherinthisschool.5.I’mgreatlyconvincedthatmyfriendWangMing______________________.(能胜任这份工作)二．单元重点短语（汉译英）1.对……充满热情_________________2.生火_________________3.拒绝某人_________________4.放出(热、光、气味或气体)_________________5.振奋某人的精神_________________6.处理；应对_________________7.梦想

_________________8.拒绝某人

_________________9.出发,启程

_________________10.保持

_________________11.变得越来越糟糕

_________________12.成功;(及时)到达

_________________13.情绪低落

_________________14.等一等;坚持住

_________________15.毕竟;终究

_________________三．单句语法填空用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。1.They________(build)thebridgefortwomonths.2.Inthepastfewyears，he________(deal)withafewinternationalcompanies.3.Iamsoenthusiastic________whatIwanttodo.4.Thetelephone________(ring)intheofficeallthemorning.5.Lifewas_______(cruelty)toOliverwhenhewasyoung.6.He________(write)aletterthismorningandsentittohisfriend.7.Hemadea_____________(commit)tosaveusfromaslowbutpainfuldeath.8.Sheistired.She________(type)lettersalltheafternoon.9.Asapunishment,shewasnotpermitted_________(attend)anyschoolactivities.10.Thedollar________(climb)steadilyallweek.11.TheChinesegovernment________(do)researchintovaccine(疫苗)againstAfricanSwineFeverformonths,recentlymanyhavereceivedthefirstdoses.12.I________(wait)foranhourandahalf.13.Afterseeingthe________________(advertise)online,heresolvedtoapplyforit.14.Sheisverytired.She________(work)allmorning.15.______________(fortunately),hisapplicationwasturneddownbecausehewasnotqualified.16.They________(build)thebridgefortwomonths.17.He________(play)basketballsincehewasten.18.Jim________(phone)Jennyeverynightforthepastweek.四．课文经典回顾课本知识语法填空自测AnexpeditiontotheSouthPolewiththegreatSirErnestShackletonistheadventurethatIhavebeenenthusiasticabout.1____________(unfortunate),whenIresolvedtojointheexpedition,Shackletonturnedmedown.Atlast,ImanagedtogetaboardtheEndurance,hidinasmallcupboard,but2____________(discover)threedayslater.Althoughthecaptainwasangry,heassignedme3___________jobofcookingforthecrew.Icouldn’thelp4___________(think)howeveryonewouldenvymewhenIcameback.However,thejourneyhadnotbeen5___________(easily)Endurancebecame6___________(stick)intheiceasweapproachedAntarctica.Beforeweabandonedtheship,weweretoldtorescueourmostessentialsuppliessuchas7__________(blanket)andwerenotallowedtotakemostofourpersonalbelongings.We8____________(struggle)fordayswiththingsgoingfrombadtoworse.Soonafterthat,Shackletonleftustofindhelp.Ifeltlowbecauseitwascoldandwindy,9__________mademebad-tempered.ThankstoFrankandErnest,itwastheirgenuineconcernforothers,theirperseverance,andtheirresolvethatfilledme10_________hope.Afterall,therewasachancewewouldreturnhomeeventually.五.阅读理解阅读下面题文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。[2023·辽宁省五校联考]Lizard(蜥蜴)speciesmayalreadyhavedeclinedpastthepointofnoreturnintheworld.Whatisthereason?Risingtemperatures.Researchersestimatethatasmuchas39percentoflizardspeciesworldwidewillhavediedoutby2080.Theproblemisthattemperaturesinmanyregionswherelizardslivehavechangedtoofastfortheanimalstokeeppace.BarrySinervofromtheDepartmentofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiologyattheUniversityofCaliforniainSantaCruz,alongwithcolleaguesfromacrosstheglobe,reachedthatconclusionbytakingcurrentdataonMexicanlizards.Theyalsoestimatedthat4percentoflocalspecieshavealreadydisappearedworldwide.Thatnumbercouldjumpto20percentby2080ifcarbondioxidelevelsaren'tloweredtoreducewarming.Theteamlooked48speciesoftheSceloporuslizardat200sitesaroundMexico.Thesiteswerefirstsampledfrom1975to2009.By2010,researcherscouldnotfindlizardsat12percentofthosesites.Lizardsthatraisetheiryoungareespeciallyattheriskofdyingout,theresearcherspointout,comparedtothosethatlayeggs.“Young­raisershavelowerbodytemperaturesthatheightentheriskofdying，”Sinervosaidinastatement.“Wearewatchingthesespeciesdisappearbeforeoureyes.”Althoughcurrentevidenceshowsthatclimatechangeisaffectingthehabitatrangesofmanyspecies,therearestillalotofuncertaintiesabouthowmuchclimatechangewillaffectspecies,researcherssay.ManyMexicanlizardspeciesliveinhighaltitude“islands”，whereclimatechangehappensthefastest.Thelizardscannotadjustfastenoughtosurvive.Thescientistssaytheydonotthinktheanimalsarelikelytosavethemselvesjustbymovingsomewhereelse,either.“HowquicklycanEarth'slizardsadapttotherisingglobaltemperatures?That'stheimportantquestion，”Sinervosaidinapressrelease.“Weareactuallyseeinglowlandspeciesmovingupward,slowlydrivinguplandspeciesoutoftheirhabitats.Iftheuplandspeciescan'tevolvefastenough,theywilldieout.”1．Whichofthefollowinglizardsfaceahigherriskofdyingout?A．Lizardsatlowaltitudes.B．Lizardsthatraisetheiryoung.C．Lizardsthatlayeggs.D．Lizardsinastableenvironment.2．WhatcanwelearnfromBarrySinervoandhiscolleagues?A．Theirconclusionisbasedoncurrentdataonvariouskindsoflizards.B．20percentoflocalspecieshavealreadydisappearedworldwide.C.Theyareuncertainabouthowmuchclimatechangewillaffectspecies.D．Theyareseeinghighlandspeciesmovingdownward.3．Whyistheuplandlizards'survivalaffectedgreatlybyclimatechange?A．Becauseoftheirlivinghabitats'destruction.B．Becauseoftheirlivingskills.C．Becauseofhighlandspeciesmovingdownward.D．Becauseoftheiradaptivecapacity.4．What'sthepurposeofthispassage?A．ToprovethatEarthisnotsuitableforlizards.B．Towarnthatlizardsmaydieoutquicklyduetoclimatechange.C．Toexplainwhynomorelizardswillbefoundby2080.D．Toemphasizethatthehabitatoflizardsischanginggreatly.六．七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。RulesofLifeImaginelifeasagameinwhichyouareplayingsomefiveballsintheair.Younamethem:work,family,health,friendsandspirit,andyou'rekeepingalloftheseballsintheair.Youwillsoonunderstandworkisarubberball.___1___Buttheotherfourballsaremadeofglass.Ifyoudroponeofthese,itwillbewornoff,marked,damaged,orevenbrokenintopieces.Theywillneverbethesame.___2___How?Don'tundermineyourworthbycomparingyourselftoothers.Itisbecausewearedifferentandeachofusisspecial.Don'tsetyourgoalsbywhatotherpeopleconsiderimportant.___3___Don'ttakeforgrantedthethingsclosesttoyourheart.Holdontothemasyouwouldtoyourlife,forwithoutthem,lifeismeaningless.Don'tbeafraidtoadmitthatyouarelessthanperfect.Itisthisfragilethreadthatbindsuseachtogether.___4___Itisbytakingchancesthatwealllearnhowtobebrave.Don'trunthroughlifesofastthatyouforgetnotonlywhereyou'vebeen,butalsowhereyouaregoing.Don'tforgetthataperson'sgreatestemotionalneedistofeelappreciated.Don'tbeafraidtolearn.Knowledgeisweightless,atreasureyoucanalwayscarryeasily.Don'tusetimeorwordscarelessly.Neithercanberetrieved(挽回).Yesterdayisahistory,tomorrowisamystery,andtodayisagift.___5___A．Don'tbeafraidtoencounterrisks.B．Ifyoudropit,itwillbounceback.C．Andthatiswhywecallitthepresent.D．Onlyyouknowwhatisthebestforyou.E．Don'thesitatewhenyoustillhavesomethingtogive.F．Youmustunderstandthatandstruggleforbalanceinyourlife.G．Yourpersonallifehastotakesecondplacetothefiveballs.七、完形填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。[2023·辽宁省高三模拟]Itwasaveryhotdayinlatesummer.Iwasworkinginalocalwoodfactory.Itwasdangerous,back­breakingworkthatpaidvery__1__.IntheyearIhadworkedthere,onlyfourotherpeoplehadn'tquitandbeen__2__withnewfaces,fortherewasnootherworkforustofindto__3__ourfamilies.Onthisdaythe__4__weren'tworkingandallofuswerecoveredinsweatandsawdust.WhenIlookedaround,everyfaceIsawlookedangryand__5__.Abruptly,avoicecalledout,“Hey!Thereisa/an__6__inhere.”Alostlittledeerwanderedthroughtheopenloadingbaydoors,coweringinbetweenthehugestacksofwood.Allofusstoppedtoseekforherasshe__7__lookingforawayout.Nowmostpeopleherehuntdeerformeatinthefall,butalsotreatthemwithgreat__8__duringtherestofwintermonths.Therefore,allofusweresoon__9__workingtogethertofreethislittledeer.By__10__offalltheotherrouteswewereabletoguideherand__11__herbacktotheopendoor.Wewatchedasshe__12__outofthebuildingandbackintothewoods.Thenwewalkedbackinto__13__.Inoticedsomething,though.Oneveryfacetherewasa__14__smile.Itwasasifthisonesingleactofkindnesshadenergizedusagainand__15__usofwhatlifeisallabout.1．A.much B．littleC．many D．few2．A.impressedB．purchasedC．accompaniedD．replaced3．A.provide B．supportC．earn D．reserve4．A.vehicles B．machinesC．fans D．tools5．A.frustratedB．dynamicC．curious D．ashamed6．A.bay B．woodC．deer D．owl7．A.turnedout B．ranaboutC．heldup D．hidaway8．A.kindness B．eagernessC．cruelty D．admiration9．A.absolutelyB．vividlyC．tightly D．quickly10．A.switching B．blockingC．calling D．breaking11．A.pull B．panicC．attach D．hold12．A.jumped B．flewC．crawled D．wound13．A.rest B．complainC．work D．chat14．A.grateful B．joyfulC．reliable D．generous15．A.warned B．informedC．ensured D．reminded八．语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Surrounding_____1_____(you)withpositivepeoplecanhaveagreatinfluence(影响)onyourlife.Whensomeonehasapositiveoutlook(人生观)onlife,theywakeupinthemorning

____2_____energyandenthusiasm.Thesearethekindofpeople_____3_____aregoingtoencourageyoutohaveagreatattitude.Thesepeopleareconfidentthatthingswillworkoutforthem.Theyare_____4_____(hope)aboutthefutureandwillingtodowhateverisnecessarytogetthings_____5_____(do).That’stheexactkindofattitudeandbehavioryouneedtobeexposed(接触)toonaregular_____6_____base).Asyouwatchhowtheypushthemselves,youwill_____7_____(encourage)todothesame.You’llstarttowonderwhatyoucandoinyourownlife.Moreover,positivepeopletendtothinkofnewideasandwaysofseeingtheworld.Clearly,____8____(attitude)thatotherpeoplehavecanhaveapowerfulinfluence._____9_____(fortunate)itdoesn’talwayshavetobeabadthing.Ifyoumakesuretobesurroundedwithpositivepeople,there’snotellinghowgreatlythatinfluence______10______(shape)yourlife.单元重点句式1.[教材原句]ButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatIsecretlywentaboardhisship,theEndurance.但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚韧号”轮船。句型：so…that…如此……以至于……说明：(1)当so前面是系动词时，so后接形容词；(2)当so前面是实义动词时，so后接副词；(3)当so后面的中心词是名词时，需要把so改为such。用法归纳：so/such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，常见结构如下：such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形容词+可数名词复数so+形容词/副词形容词+a/an+可数名词单数特别提醒：在“so+much/little+不可数名词+that...”句型中，little意为“少的”，而不是“小的”。练透：1.汤姆如此伤心以至于眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。________________________________________________________________________________________2.昨天天气很好，我们都出去野餐了。______________________________________________________________________________________3.他是一个如此勤奋的学生以至于每个老师都对他高度赞扬。______________________________________________________________________________________2.[教材原句]Therewasnothinglikeagooddinnerandsomemusictocheerusup.没有什么比一顿丰盛的晚餐和一点音乐更能让我们振作起来了。句型：Thereis/wasnothinglike…todo…没有什么比得上……更能让……知识拓展：Thereisnothingbetterthan...没有比……更好的了。havenothingincommon没有共同之处havenothingtodowith...和……没有关系练透：1.并且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。____________________________________________________________________________________2.如果两个人没什么共同之处，几句话的交流可能都困难。____________________________________________________________________________________3.她的成功与好运无关。_________________________________________________________________