广东省五校协作体2018届高三第一次联考试卷英语

广东省五校协作体2018届高三第一次联考试卷英语第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAreyouplanningtotakeavacation?Herearesomeofthebesttouristattractionsaroundtheworld.EiffelTower,ParisTheEiffelTowerisoneofthemostfamouslandmarksinParis.Builtin1889,itwasinitiallycriticizedbuthassincebecomeaniconicsymbolofFrance.Standingat324meterstall,itoffersbreathtakingviewsofthecity.Youcantakeanelevatortothetoporenjoyamealatoneoftherestaurantsonthetower.GreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallisaseriesoffortificationsbuiltalongthenorthernbordersofChinaoverseveralcenturies.Itisoneofthemostremarkableengineeringfeatsinhistory.Stretchingover21,000kilometers,itoffersaglimpseintoChina'srichhistoryandculture.Youcanhikealongdifferentsectionsofthewallandsoakinthebeautifulscenery.StatueofLiberty,NewYorkTheStatueofLibertyisagiftfromFrancetotheUnitedStates.ItstandsonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarborandwelcomesmillionsofimmigrantstothecountry.Standingat93meterstall,itrepresentsfreedomanddemocracy.Youcantakeaferrytotheislandandexplorethemuseuminsidethepedestal.SydneyOperaHouse,SydneyTheSydneyOperaHouseisanarchitecturalmasterpiece.DesignedbyDanisharchitectJørnUtzon,itopenedin1973.Thebuilding'suniqueshelllikestructureisasighttobehold.Ithostsavarietyofperformances,includingopera,ballet,andconcerts.Youcantakeaguidedtourorattendashow.1.WhatwastheinitialreactiontotheEiffelTower?A.Itwaswidelypraised.B.Itwashighlycriticized.C.Itwasjustignored.D.Itwasstronglysupported.答案：B分析：文中提到“Builtin1889,itwasinitiallycriticizedbuthassincebecomeaniconicsymbolofFrance.”，说明埃菲尔铁塔最初是受到批评的。2.HowlongistheGreatWallofChina?A.Over21,000kilometers.B.324meters.C.93meters.D.Thereisnomention.答案：A分析：原文明确指出“Stretchingover21,000kilometers,itoffersaglimpseintoChina'srichhistoryandculture.”，所以长城超过21000公里。3.Whichattractionisagiftfromonecountrytoanother?A.EiffelTower.B.GreatWallofChina.C.StatueofLiberty.D.SydneyOperaHouse.答案：C分析：文中提到“TheStatueofLibertyisagiftfromFrancetotheUnitedStates.”，说明自由女神像是法国送给美国的礼物。BMynameisTom.I'ma17yearoldhighschoolstudent.I'vealwaysbeeninterestedinscience,especiallyastronomy.Oneday,Iheardaboutasciencecompetitionwherestudentswererequiredtodesignaprojectrelatedtospaceexploration.Iwasreallyexcitedanddecidedtoparticipate.Iteamedupwithtwoofmyclassmates,JackandLily.Wespentweeksresearchingdifferentaspectsofspaceexploration,suchasthepossibilityofcolonizingMars.Wealsolookedintothetechnologyneededforlongdistancespacetravel.Afterourresearch,wecameupwithanideaforaproject.Weproposedanewtypeofspacesuitthatcouldbemorecomfortableandfunctionalforastronauts.Thespacesuitwouldhavebuiltinsensorstomonitortheastronaut'shealthandaselfcleaningsystemtokeepitcleaninspace.Weworkedhardonbuildingaprototypeofthespacesuit.Weused3Dprintingtechnologytocreatethepartsandthenassembledthem.Itwasachallengingprocess,butwefinallymanagedtocompleteit.Whenthecompetitiondayarrived,wepresentedourproject.Weexplainedourdesign,itsfeatures,andthebenefitsitcouldbringtospaceexploration.Thejudgeswereimpressedwithourworkandawardedusthefirstprize.4.Whatwasthethemeofthesciencecompetition?A.Biologyresearch.B.Spaceexploration.C.Computertechnology.D.Environmentalprotection.答案：B分析：文中提到“Iheardaboutasciencecompetitionwherestudentswererequiredtodesignaprojectrelatedtospaceexploration.”，说明比赛主题是太空探索。5.WhodidTomteamupwithforthecompetition?A.Hisparents.B.Histeachers.C.JackandLily.D.Otherstudentsfromdifferentschools.答案：C分析：根据“Iteamedupwithtwoofmyclassmates,JackandLily.”可知，汤姆和杰克、莉莉组队参赛。6.Whatwastheirprojectabout?A.Anewtypeofspaceship.B.Anewplanetdiscovery.C.Anewtypeofspacesuit.D.Anewspacestationdesign.答案：C分析：文中明确说“Weproposedanewtypeofspacesuitthatcouldbemorecomfortableandfunctionalforastronauts.”，他们的项目是关于新型宇航服的。7.Howdidtheycreatethepartsofthespacesuitprototype?A.Byhandmaking.B.Usingtraditionalmanufacturingmethods.C.Using3Dprintingtechnology.D.Buyingthemfromastore.答案：C分析：原文提到“Weused3Dprintingtechnologytocreatethepartsandthenassembledthem.”，说明他们用3D打印技术制作宇航服部件。CTheworldisfacingaseriousproblemofplasticpollution.Everyyear,millionsoftonsofplasticwasteendupintheoceans,harmingmarinelife.Plasticbags,bottles,andotherplasticproductstakehundredsofyearstodecompose.Oneofthemaincausesofplasticpollutionisouroverconsumptionofsingleuseplastics.Weuseplasticbagsforshopping,plasticstrawsfordrinking,andplasticcutleryforeating.Theseitemsareusedonceandthenthrownaway.Tosolvethisproblem,manycountriesandcitieshavestartedtotakeaction.Someplaceshavebannedtheuseofsingleuseplasticbags.Forexample,inKenya,itisillegaltoproduce,sell,oruseplasticbags.Otherplaceshaveintroducedataxonsingleuseplasticstodiscouragepeoplefromusingthem.Inadditiontogovernmentmeasures,individualscanalsoplayaroleinreducingplasticpollution.Wecanbringourownreusablebagswhenshopping,usereusablewaterbottlesinsteadofplasticones,andavoidusingplasticstraws.8.Whatisthemainproblemmentionedinthepassage?A.Airpollution.B.Plasticpollution.C.Waterpollution.D.Noisepollution.答案：B分析：文章开头就指出“Theworldisfacingaseriousproblemofplasticpollution.”，说明主要问题是塑料污染。9.Whatisoneofthemaincausesofplasticpollution?A.Overconsumptionofsingleuseplastics.B.Rapidindustrialdevelopment.C.Lackofwastemanagement.D.Increaseinpopulation.答案：A分析：文中提到“Oneofthemaincausesofplasticpollutionisouroverconsumptionofsingleuseplastics.”，说明过度消费一次性塑料是塑料污染的主要原因之一。10.WhatmeasurehasKenyatakentodealwithplasticpollution?A.Introducedataxonsingleuseplastics.B.Bannedtheuseofsingleuseplasticbags.C.Encouragedtherecyclingofplastics.D.Setupmoreplasticwastetreatmentplants.答案：B分析：根据“Forexample,inKenya,itisillegaltoproduce,sell,oruseplasticbags.”可知，肯尼亚禁止使用一次性塑料袋。11.Howcanindividualshelpreduceplasticpollution?A.Byproducingmorereusableplastics.B.Byaskingthegovernmenttotakemoremeasures.C.Byusingmoresingleuseplastics.D.Byusingreusablebagsandbottles.答案：D分析：文中提到“Wecanbringourownreusablebagswhenshopping,usereusablewaterbottlesinsteadofplasticones,andavoidusingplasticstraws.”，说明个人可以通过使用可重复使用的袋子和瓶子来减少塑料污染。DTheInternethaschangedthewayweliveandwork.Ithasmadeinformationmoreaccessibleandcommunicationfaster.However,ithasalsobroughtsomeproblems,especiallyintheareaofprivacy.WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,moreandmorepersonalinformationisbeingcollectedbycompaniesandorganizations.Thisinformationcanincludeournames,addresses,phonenumbers,andevenourbrowsinghistory.Whilesomeofthisinformationcollectionisnecessaryforlegitimatepurposes,suchasprovidingbetterservices,therearealsocaseswhereitismisused.Forexample,somecompaniesmaysellourpersonalinformationtothirdpartieswithoutourconsent.Thiscanleadtounwantedadvertisingandevenidentitytheft.Inaddition,socialmediaplatformsoftencollectalargeamountofpersonalinformationfromtheirusers.Theyusethisinformationtotargetadvertisementsandanalyzeuserbehavior.ToprotectourprivacyontheInternet,weneedtobemorecarefulaboutwhatinformationweshare.Weshouldreadtheprivacypoliciesofwebsitesandappsbeforeusingthem.Wecanalsouseprivacyenhancingtools,suchasvirtualprivatenetworks(VPNs)toencryptouronlinecommunications.12.WhatpositivechangehastheInternetbrought?A.Slowercommunication.B.Lessaccessibleinformation.C.Fastercommunication.D.Moreprivacyproblems.答案：C分析：文中提到“TheInternethaschangedthewayweliveandwork.Ithasmadeinformationmoreaccessibleandcommunicationfaster.”，说明互联网使通信更快捷。13.WhatkindofproblemhastheInternetbrought?A.Lackofinformation.B.Privacyissues.C.Slowdevelopmentoftechnology.D.Decreaseinbusinessopportunities.答案：B分析：文章明确指出“However,ithasalsobroughtsomeproblems,especiallyintheareaofprivacy.”，说明互联网带来了隐私问题。14.Whatmayhappenifcompaniessellourpersonalinformationwithoutconsent?A.Wewillgetbetterservices.B.Wewillreceivelessadvertising.C.Wemayfaceidentitytheft.D.Ourbrowsinghistorywillbeprotected.答案：C分析：文中提到“Forexample,somecompaniesmaysellourpersonalinformationtothirdpartieswithoutourconsent.Thiscanleadtounwantedadvertisingandevenidentitytheft.”，说明公司未经同意出售个人信息可能导致身份盗窃。15.HowcanweprotectourprivacyontheInternet?A.Bysharingmorepersonalinformation.B.BynotusingtheInternetatall.C.Byignoringprivacypolicies.D.Byusingprivacyenhancingtools.答案：D分析：文中提到“Wecanalsouseprivacyenhancingtools,suchasvirtualprivatenetworks(VPNs)toencryptouronlinecommunications.”，说明可以使用增强隐私的工具来保护网络隐私。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoImproveYourMemoryMemoryisanimportantpartofourlives.Itallowsustolearn,rememberexperiences,andsolveproblems.Herearesometipsonhowtoimproveyourmemory._16_Exerciseisnotonlygoodforyourphysicalhealthbutalsoforyourbrain.Itincreasesbloodflowtothebrain,whichhelpstokeepthebraincellshealthy.Regularexercisecanalsoreducestress,whichisbeneficialformemory.Youcanchooseactivitieslikewalking,running,orswimming.GetEnoughSleepSleepplaysacrucialroleinmemoryconsolidation.Whenyousleep,yourbrainprocessesandstorestheinformationyou'velearnedduringtheday._17_So,makesureyouget78hoursofsleepeverynight.EataHealthyDietWhatyoueatcanalsoaffectyourmemory.Adietrichinfruits,vegetables,wholegrains,andleanproteinsisgoodforyourbrain._18_Forexample,blueberriesareknowntohaveantioxidantsthatcanimprovebrainfunction.UseMemoryTechniquesTherearemanymemorytechniquesyoucanusetoimproveyourmemory._19_Forexample,ifyouwanttorememberalistofitems,youcancreateastorythatincludesalltheitems.Anothertechniqueistoassociatenewinformationwithsomethingyoualreadyknow.StayMentallyActive_20_Readingbooks,doingpuzzles,andlearningnewlanguagesareallgreatwaystokeepyourbrainactive.Thiscanhelptoimproveyourmemoryandpreventcognitivedecline.A.ExerciseRegularlyB.ReduceYourStressC.Ifyoudon'tgetenoughsleep,yourmemorymaysuffer.D.Onecommontechniqueisthemethodofloci.E.Somefoodsareparticularlybeneficialformemory.F.Youshouldkeepyourbrainactivetoimproveyourmemory.G.Youcanimproveyourmemorybyusingdifferentmethods.16.答案：A分析：根据后文“Exerciseisnotonlygoodforyourphysicalhealthbutalsoforyourbrain.”可知，这一段主要讲定期锻炼对大脑和身体健康有益，所以选A。17.答案：C分析：前文提到睡眠对记忆巩固很重要，这里应说明睡眠不足的影响，C选项“如果睡眠不足，记忆力可能会受影响”符合语境。18.答案：E分析：后文举例蓝莓对大脑有益，说明有些食物对记忆力特别有好处，E选项符合。19.答案：D分析：前文说有很多记忆技巧，后文举例说明如何记忆物品列表，D选项提到一种常见技巧“位置记忆法”，符合上下文。20.答案：F分析：后文提到阅读、做拼图和学习新语言等保持大脑活跃的方法，F选项“你应该让大脑保持活跃来提高记忆力”能引出下文。第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Oneday,IwaswalkingintheparkwhenIsawanoldmansittingonabench.Helookedverysadandlonely.Idecidedtogoandtalktohim.“Hello,sir.Howareyoutoday?”Iasked.“Notverywell,”hereplied.“I'vejustlostmywife.Shepassedawaylastmonth.”Ifeltvery_21_forhim.Isatdownbesidehimandlistenedtohimtalkabouthislifewithhiswife.Hetoldmehowthey_22_eachotherwhentheywereyoungandhowtheyhadspentmanyhappyyearstogether.Ashetalked,I_23_hishand.Itwasasimplegesture,butitseemedto_24_him.Helookedatmewith_25_inhiseyesandcontinuedhisstory.Afterawhile,hesaid,“Thankyouforlisteningtome.It'sbeenalongtimesinceI've_26_likethis.”Ismiledandsaid,“It'smypleasure.I'mgladIcouldhelp.”Fromthatdayon,I_27_tovisittheoldmanintheparkeveryweek.Webecamegood_28_.Hesharedmoreofhislifeexperienceswithme,andIlearnedalotfromhim.Oneday,hetoldmethathewasgoingtomovetoanothercitytobewithhischildren.Iwas_29_tohearthat,butIwasalsohappyforhim.Whenhewasleaving,hegavemeasmall_30_.“Thisisathankyougiftforallyourkindness,”hesaid.Iopenedtheboxandfoundabeautiful_31_.Itwasareminderofthe_32_wehadshared.I'vekeptthenecklaceeversince.Itnotonlyremindsmeoftheoldmanbutalso_33_meoftheimportanceofbeingkindtoothers.Weneverknowwhatsomeoneelseisgoingthrough,andasmallactofkindnesscan_34_abigdifference.So,ifyouseesomeonewholookssadorlonely,don't_35_.Justgoandtalktothem.Youmightmaketheirday.21.A.angryB.sorryC.happyD.excited答案：B分析：听到老人失去妻子，应感到同情，besorryforsb.表示“为某人感到难过”。22.A.metB.missedC.hurtD.forgot答案：A分析：这里说的是他们年轻时如何相遇，meeteachother表示“相遇”。23.A.touchedB.hitC.pushedD.kicked答案：A分析：根据语境，这里是我触摸了老人的手，touch表示“触摸”。24.A.hurtB.comfortC.surpriseD.worry答案：B分析：这个简单的动作似乎安慰了他，comfort表示“安慰”。25.A.angerB.fearC.gratitudeD.sadness答案：C分析：老人眼中应是充满感激，gratitude表示“感激”。26.A.eatenB.sleptC.talkedD.walked答案：C分析：从后文可知，这里是说他很久没有像这样倾诉了，talk表示“交谈”。27.A.refusedB.rememberedC.startedD.stopped答案：C分析：从那以后，我开始每周去公园看望老人，starttodosth.表示“开始做某事”。28.A.enemiesB.friendsC.studentsD.teachers答案：B分析：我们成了好朋友，becomegoodfriends表示“成为好朋友”。29.A.sadB.happyC.excitedD.relaxed答案：A分析：听到老人要搬走，我应感到难过，sad表示“难过的”。30.A.bookB.boxC.flowerD.card答案：B分析：后文提到打开盒子，所以这里是他给了我一个小盒子，box表示“盒子”。31.A.ringB.watchC.necklaceD.bracelet答案：C分析：后文提到了项链，所以这里是一条漂亮的项链，necklace表示“项链”。32.A.timeB.moneyC.foodD.clothes答案：A分析：项链是我们共度时光的纪念，time表示“时光”。33.A.warnsB.remindsC.tellsD.asks答案：B分析：remindsb.ofsth.表示“提醒某人某事”，这里说项链提醒我善待他人的重要性。34.A.takeB.makeC.bringD.get答案：B分析：makeabigdifference表示“有很大影响”。35.A.talkB.smileC.waitD.move答案：C分析：看到有人难过或孤独，不要等待，直接去和他们交谈，wait表示“等待”。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MynameisLiHua.I'mastudentfromChina.I'vealwaysbeeninterestedinEnglishandhavebeenlearningitformanyyears.Lastyear,I_36_(get)thechancetogototheUnitedStatesasanexchangestudent.Iwasreallyexcitedaboutit.WhenIarrivedintheUS,Iwasalittle_37_(nervousness)atfirst.Theculturewassodifferentfrom_38_inChina.Butsoon,Imadesomefriendsatschool.Theywereveryfriendlyand_39_(help).TheyhelpedmealotwithmyEnglishandalsointroducedmetoAmericanculture.Iattendedclassesatthelocalhighschool.TheteachingmethodswerequitedifferentfromthoseinChina.IntheUS,studentsweremore_40_(act)inclass.Theyoftenaskedquestionsandparticipatedingroupdiscussions.DuringmystayintheUS,Ialsohadtheopportunitytotravelaround.Ivisitedmanyfamous_41_(place),suchastheGrandCanyonandYellowstoneNationalPark.Thenaturalscenerytherewasreallyamazing.IstayedintheUSforaboutayear.Whenitwastime_42_(leave),IwasalittlesadbecauseIhadmadesomanygoodmemoriesthere.ButIwasalsohappybecauseIhadlearnedalot.Now,backinChina,Istillkeepintouch_43_myAmericanfriends.Weoftencommunicatewitheachotherthroughemail.IbelievethatmyexperienceintheUSwillhaveagreat_44_(influence)onmyfuture.Ithasbroadenedmyhorizonsandmadememore_45_(confidence).36.答案：got分析：根据Lastyear可知，用一般过去时，get的过去式是got。37.答案：nervous分析：alittle后接形容词，nervousness是名词，其形容词是nervous。38.答案：that分析：这里用that指代前面的culture，避免重复。39.答案：helpful分析：and连接两个并列的形容词，help是动词，其形容词是helpful。40.答案：active分析：be动词后接形容词，act是动词，其形容词是active。41.答案：places分析：many后接可数名词复数，place的复数是places。42.答案：toleave分析：It'stimetodosth.表示“到做某事的时间了”。43.答案：with分析：keepintouchwithsb.表示“和某人保持联系”。44.答案：influence分析：haveagreatinfluenceon表示“对……有很大影响”。45.答案：confident分析：makesb.+adj.表示“使某人……”，confidence是名词，其形容词是confident。第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I'mverygladtohearthatyou'reinterestinginChineseculture.I'dliketoinvi