2022年上海市高三下学期5月英语模拟测试卷02 （不含听力音频）

2022届上海市高三下学期5月英语模拟测试卷02I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Abankofficer.B.Apoliceman.C.Alawyer.D.Adeliveryman.2.A.Unpleasantatmosphere.B.Terriblefood.C.Slowservice.D.Unacceptableprice.3.A.Cloudy.B.Clear.C.Rainy.D.Overcast.4.A.Workingroups.B.Givepresentations.C.Turnintheirhomework.D.Checktheiranswers.5.A.Depressed.B.Uncertain.C.Sad.D.Relived.6.A.Makeamedicalappointment.B.Givethemanaride.C.Buythemansomemedicine.D.Takethemantothehospital.7.A.Toparticipateinaskiingrace.B.Toapplyforanewjob.C.Tobeginanewcareer.D.TosellthehouseinItaly.8.A.He’llacceptthejob.B.HeisbusyonSunday.C.HewillnotworkonSunday.D.Hewillturndowntheoffer.9.A.Differencesincustoms.B.Differencesinpronunciations.C.Differencesinwords.D.Differencesinaccents.10.A.HeknowsverylittleaboutJohn.B.Johndoesn’tdeservethepromotion.C.Johnshouldearnmoremoney.D.Hedoesn’tcareforthenews.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Dogsbecometiredout.B.Catsareveryhappy.C.Dogsfeelenjoyable.D.Catsgetinjuredeasily.12.A.Theymisunderstandeachother.B.Theyareworriedabouttheirbehaviors.C.Theyenjoyexactlythesamehobbies.D.Theywavetheirtailstoooften.13.A.Dogsaregoodathuntinganimals.B.Dogsdon’tlikecatsnaturally.C.Catsusuallylikeplayingwithdogs.D.Dogsandcatscanpossiblyliveinharmony.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Recordstudios.B.Individualpersons.C.Socialmedia.D.Liveconcerts.15.A.Theyshouldstarttheircareerontheirown.B.Theyshouldgetadvicefromthetalentedmusicians.C.Theyshoulduseonlinestagesfullytobecomenoticeable.D.Theyshouldseekcooperationwithrecordingcompanies.16.A.Comparisonofmusicianslivingatdifferentages.B.Adviceforthosewhowanttostandoutinmusiccareer.C.Thedevelopmentofmusicstylesatpresent.D.People’sdifferentattitudestowarddifferentmusicians.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.It’snotbigenough.B.It’soutoftheirbudget.C.Thereisnogarden.D.Thekitchenistoosmall.18.A.It’swithinthepricerange.B.It’sspaciousforthefamily.C.It’sinbadconditions.D.It’sideallylocated.19.A.Theunacceptablerent.B.Theinconvenientlocation.C.Thenoisearound.D.Theincompleteequipment.20.A.Goonlookingforanapartment.B.Decoratetheirnewapartment.C.Movetothebasementsuite.D.Buynewfurniture.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.PlantsScreamintheFaceofStressForthefirsttime,researchersappeartohaveevidencethatlikeanimals,thoseplantsdeprivedofwateror(21)______(force)toendurebodilyharmcanletouttheirpain.Thestudy,(22)______hasyettobepublishedinascientificJournal,addsanotherdimensiontoscientists(23)______(grow)understandingofhowplantsdetectandinteractwiththeirsurroundings.Inrecentyears,ithasbecomeveryclearthatplantsaremoresensitivethanresearchers(24)______(think).Theyrespondwhentouchedbyinsectsandturntowardsourcesoflight.“Plantsarenotjustroboticstimulus-responsedevices,”saidFrantisekBaluskaoftheUniversityofBonninGermany.“They’relivingorganismswhichhavetheirownproblems.”Actuallymakingtheirsufferinghearable,however,isanothermatterentirely.(25)______(test)thatpossibility,ateamledbyItzhakKhait,aplantscientistatTelAvivUniversityinIsrael,placedmicrophonescapableofdetectingultrasonicfrequencies(超声波频率)fourinchesfromtomatoandtobaccoplants.Theresearchertheneitherstoppedwateringthemorcuttheirstems.Measuringintherangeof20to150kilohertz(千赫),theresearchersfoundthatevenhappy,healthyplantsmadetheoccasionalnoise.Butwhencut,tobaccoplantsemitted(26)______averageof15soundswithinanhourofbeingcut,(27)______tomatoplantsproduced25sounds.(28)______researchersaren'tyetsurehowplantsproducethesesounds,Khaitandhiscolleaguesproposedonepossibilityintheirpaper(29)______aswatertravelsthroughtheplants'tubes,airbubbleswillformandexplode,producingsmallvibrations.Allthis“screaming”causedbystresswasn’tinarangedetectablebyhumanears.Butorganismsthatcanhearultrasonicfrequencies--likemice,batsorperhapsotherplants--(30)______possiblyheartheplantscriesfromasfarawayas15feet.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.inadequateB.repeatedlyC.processD.achieveE.directedF.reactionsG.raisingH.eliminateI.characterizedJ.immediateK.mechanismThehumanbodycantolerateonlyasmallrangeoftemperature,especiallywhenthepersonisengagedinvigorousactivity.Heat(31)_______usuallyoccurwhenlargeamountsofwaterand/orsaltarelostthroughoversweatingfollowingexhaustingexercise.Whenthebodybecomesoverheatedandcannot(32)_______thisoverheatedness,heatexhaustionandheatstrokearepossible.Heatexhaustionisgenerally(33)_______bysweatyskin,tiredness,sickness,dizziness,plentifulsweating,andsometimesfainting,resultingfroma(n)(34)_______intakeofwaterandthelossoffluids.Firstaidtreatmentforthisconditionincludeshavingthevictimliedown,(35)_______thefeet8to12inches,applyingcool,wetclothstotheskin,andgivingthevictimsipsofsaltwater(1teaspoonperglass,halfaglassevery15minutes)overa1-hourperiod.Heatstrokeismuchmoreserious;itisa(n)(36)_______life-threateningsituation.Thecharacteristicsofheatstrokeareahighbodytemperature(whichmayreach106°Formore);arapidpulse;hot,dryskin;andablockedsweating(37)_______.Victimsofthisconditionmaybeunconscious,andfirst-aidmeasuresshouldbe(38)_______atquicklycoolingthebody.Thevictimshouldbeplacedinatubofcoldwateror(39)_______spongedwithcoolwateruntilhisorhertemperatureissufficientlylowered.Fansorairconditionerswillalsohelpwiththecooling(40)_______.Careshouldbetaken,however,nottoover-chillthevictimoncethetemperatureisbelow102°F.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.AccordingtoGermannovelistHeinrichMann(1871-1950),ahousewithoutbooksislikearoomwithoutwindows.Mann__41__pointedoutthevalueofbooks,butsomeresearchershavefoundevidencethatpeoplewithbooksintheirhomesreallydogainawindowontheworld. AnewstudyinthejournalSocialScienceResearch,publishedinOctober,suggeststhatpeoplewhogrowupwithmorebooksaremorelikelytohaveeducational__42__,andtoachievemoreinlife,thanpeoplewhogrowupwithoutthem. Inthestudy,over160,000adultsfrom31countriesandregionswereaskedaboutthenumberofbookstherewereintheirhomeswhentheywere16yearsold.Thentheywere__43__inliteracy,numeracy(计算能力)andinformationcommunicationtechnology. Theresearchshowsthatthenumberofbooksforeachhousehold__44__greatlyfromcountrytocountry.__45__,thenumberofbooksis27inTurkey,143intheUKand218inEstonia.But"thetotal__46__ofhomelibrarysizeonliteracyarelargeeverywhere",accordingtoresearcherJoannaSikoraofAustralianNationalUniversityinapaperbasedonthestudy. Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhohadlowerlevelsofsecondaryeducationbuthadalargenumberofbooksathomegota(n)__47__scoreasuniversitygraduateswhogrewupwithonlyafewbooks. TheGuardiannewspapercommentedthat"bookishadolescencemakesforagooddealofeducationaladvantage." "Readingbooksinayoungagecan__48__shortcomingsnotonlyinadultliteracybutalsonumeracy:itsimpactsare__49__toadditionalyearsofeducation,"SikoratoldScienceAlert. Apartfromtheeducationalbenefits,growingupwithmorebooksalsoplaysanimportantroleinadultsuccess. "Early__50__tobooksintheparentalhomemattersbecausebooksareanessentialpartofroutinesandpracticesthat__51__lifelongcognitive（认知的）abilities",SikoratoldScienceAlert.Theseabilitiesare__52__tofuturedevelopment. Withoutdoubt,thefactthatwearemovingtowardadigitaleracould__53__theimportanceofprintedbooks.Fornow,__54__,"theystillseemto__55__quitealargepositivebenefit,whichshowsnosignofdecreasing",researcherswroteinthepaper.41. A.simply B.definitely C.generally D.randomly42. A.backgrounds B.advantages C.requirements D.development43. A.estimated B.examined C.tested D.investigated44. A.changes B.alters C.shifts D.varies45. A.Bycomparison B.Asaresult C.Forinstance D.Intotal46. A.effects B.expenses C.inputs D.contributions47. A.higher B.lower C.average D.similar48. A.makeupfor B.breakupwith C.liveupto D.catchupwith49. A.senior B.essential C.equal D.familiar50. A.addiction B.engagement C.devotion D.exposure51. A.prove B.demonstrate C.enhance D.acquire52. A.relevant B.crucial C.opposite D.compulsory53. A.weaken B.highlight C.overestimate D.reflect54. A.therefore B.however C.otherwise D.likewise55. A.enjoy B.obtain C.maintain D.reduceSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)CharityCyclingUKrecentlylaunchedacampaigntoraiseawarenessofdooringafterdiscoveringthatmanypeopledon’tknowwhatitis.Dooringiswhenadriverorpassengeropensthedoorintoanotherroaduser—typicallycyclist—withoutlookingforotherroadusers.CyclingUKchiefexecutivePaulTuohytoldGloucestershireLive:“Somepeopleseemtoseecardooringasabitofajoke,butit’snotandcanhaveseriousconsequences.CyclingUKwantstoseegreatawarenessmadeaboutthedangersofopeningyourcardoorcarelessly,andpeopletobeencouragedtolookbeforetheyopen.”Thecharitysays2,009ofthe3,000injuriesweresustainedbycyclists,resultinginfivefatalitiesbutsaysthismightnotbethefullextentofthedanger.CyclingUKsaysnotallcardooringincidentswillbeattendedbypolice,sothecharityhaswrittentotransportministerJesseNormancallingforapublicawarenesscampaignurgingallcaroccupants,notjustdrivers,tolookbeforeopeningvehicledoors.Oneofthewaysthecharitysuggestsisthe“Dutchreach”,wherepeopleleavingavehiclereachoverandusethenon-doorsidehandtoopenthedoor.CyclingUKalsosuggestsharsherlawsandadviceonsaferroadpositioningforpeoplewhocycle.Mr.Tuohysaid:“IntheNetherlandstheyareknownforpracticingamethod,knownsometimesasthe‘Dutchreach’,whichwethinkcouldbesuccessfullyencouragedintheUK.”“CyclingUKhaswrittentotheDepartmentforTransportaskingthemtolookintothis,andhighlightthedangersof‘cardooring’throughapublicawarenessTHINKstylecampaign.”Ifyou’rereallyconcernedaboutopeningadoorintothepathofacyclistcomingbehindyou,considerusingwhat’sknownasthe“Dutchreach”toopenthedoor.Thatwillnaturallyturnyouinyourseatandgiveyouamuchbetterviewofwhat’scomingupalongsideinthecar.56.WhydoestheauthormentionthefiguresinParagraph3?A.Tocausepublicconcern.B.Toreporttheterribleaccidents.C.Toshowthedangerofcardooring.D.Tostresstheimportanceoftrafficsafety.57.Whiledoingthe“Dutchreach”,youshould________________________.A.sitstillinyourseatB.openthecardoorpolitelyC.usetheinsidehandtoopenthedoorD.usethelefthandtoopenthecardoor58.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A.Manypeopleareignorantofcardooring.B.The“Dutchreach”iswellreceivedinEngland.C.Dooringincidentsareallattendedbypolice.D.Driversaretoblamefordooringincidents.59.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardscardooring?A.Negative. B.Ridiculous. C.Neutral. D.Concerned(B)HotAirBalloonsAhotairballoonismadeupof3mainparts:TheEnvelopeTheactualfabricballoonwhichholdstheair.TheBurnerTheunitwhichpushestheheatupintotheenvelopeTheBasketWherethepassengersandpilotstandThebasisofhowtheballoonworksisthatwarmerairrisesincoolerair.Thisisbecausehotairislighterthancoolairasithaslessmassperunitofvolume.Masscanbedefinedbythemeasureofhowmuchmattersomethingcontains.Theactualballoonhastobelargeasittakesalargeamountofheatedairtoliftitofftheground.Theburnerusespropanegastoheatuptheairintheenvelopetomovetheballoonoffthegroundandintotheair.Thepilotmustkeepfiringtheburneratregularintervalsthroughouttheflighttoensurethattheballooncontinuestothestable.Naturally,thehotairwillnotescapefromthehotattheverybottomoftheenvelopasfirstly,hotairrisesandsecondly,thefloatingpowerkeepsitmovingup.Tomovetheballoonupwards,thepilotopensupthepropanevaluewhichletsthepropaneflowtotheburnerwhichinturnfreestheflameupintotheenvelope.Itworksinmuchthesamewayasagasgrill:themoreyouopenthevalve,thebiggertheflametobeattheairandthefastertheballoonrises.The“ParachuteValve”attheverytopoftheballooniswhatisusedtobringtheballoondowntowardstheground.Itisacircleoffabriccutoutofthetopoftheenvelopwhichiscontrolledbyaropewhichrunsdownthroughthemiddleoftheenvelopetothebasket.Ifthepilotwantstobringtheballoondown,heorshesimplypullsontheropewhichwillopenthevalve,lettinghotairescape,decreasingtheinnerairtemperature.Thiscoolingofaircausestheballoontoslowitsrise.Thepilotcanoperatehorizontallybychangingtheverticalpositionoftheballoonbecausethewindblowsindifferentdirectionsatdifferentaltitudes.Ifthepilotwantstomoveinaparticulardirection,heorshesimplyarisesandfallstotheappropriatelevelandrideswiththewind.60.Thepurposeofthisarticleisto__________.A.explainhowhotairballoonsworkB.illustratewhyhotairballoonsareusefulC.describehotairballoons’structureD.informreadersabouthowhotairballoonsaremade61.Whatwouldhappenifthe“ParachuteValve”couldnotbereleasedafteritwasopened?A.Theinsideoftheballoonwouldcontinuetoheatup.B.TheballoonwouldclimbupmorerapidlyC.Theself-sealingvalvewouldneedtotakeovertheroleoftheParachuteValve.D.Theballoonwouldbegintomovedownmorerapidly.62.Whichofthefollowingskillsorknowledgewouldbethemostusefultoaballoonpilot?A.Theabilitytosewthepanelsoffabrictogethertomakeaballoon.B.Anunderstandingofhowpropanegasismanufactured.C.Aknowledgeofthebackgroundofpassengerswhoaretravellingintheballoon.D.Aknowledgeofaircurrentsandwinddirectionsintheareawhereheispilotingtheballoon.(C) Therecession(衰退)of2008-09wasremarkableinrichcountriesforitsintensity,thefollowingrecoveryforitsweakness.Thelabourmarkethasalsobrokentherules,asnewresearchfromtheOECD,athink-tankofmainlyrichcountries,showsinitsannualEmploymentOutlook. Youngpeoplealwayssufferinrecessions.Employersstophiringthem;andtheyoftengetridofnewrecruitsbecausetheyareeasiertodismiss.Butinpreviousepisodes,suchastherecessionsofthe1970s,1980sand1990s,olderworkerswerealsokickedoff.Thistimeisdifferent.Duringthefinancialcrisisin2008,andsince,theyhavedonebetterthanotheragegroups. Theresearchersfocusonmovementsin“non-employment”asashareofthetotalpopulationinthreeagegroupsbetweenthefinalquartersof2007and2012.Thismeasurehastheadvantageofincludingnotjustunemployment,wherepeoplearelookingforwork,butalsoinactivity,wherepeoplearenotseekingjobs.Whereastheaveragenon-employmentrateintheOECDhasrisenbyfourpercentagepointsamongyoungpeopleandbyone-and-a-halfpointsamong25-to54-year-olds,ithasfallenbytwopointsamongthe55-64agegroup. Whyhaveolderemployeesdonesowell?InsomesouthernEuropeancountriestheybenefitfromjobprotectionnotaffordedtoyoungerworkers,butthatdidnotreallyhelptheminpastrecessions.Whathaschanged,saysStefanoScarpetta,headoftheOECD’semploymentdirectorate,isthatfirmsnowbearthefullcostsofgettingridofolderstaff.Inthepast,early-retirementpoliciesprovidedbygovernments(inthemistakenbeliefthatthesewouldhelpyoungpeople)madeitcheapertopushgrey-hairedworkersoutofthedoor.Thesehavelargelystopped. Manywillarguethatolderworkershavedonebetterattheexpenseoftheyoung.Thatviewiswrongheaded.First,itisafallacythatajobgainedforonepersonisajoblostforanother;thereisnofixedamountofwork.Andsecond,asthereportshows,youngandoldpeoplearebyandlargenotsubstitutesintheworkplace.Theydodifferenttypesofworkindifferenttypesofoccupation:youngerpeoplearekeenonITfirms,forexample,whereasolderfolktendtobeemployedinmoretraditionalindustries.Thereareplentyofthingsthatshouldbedonetohelptheyoungjobless,butkickingolderworkersoutoftheworkplaceisnotoneofthem.63. Bysaying“Thelabourmarkethasalsobrokentherules”,theauthormeans______. A.youngemployeeswereprotectedbythegovernment B.youngemployeessufferedmoderatelyinlabourmarket C.oldemployeessufferedverylittleinthelabourmarket D.Therecessionhadlittleimpactonlabourmarket64. Whatdoweknowabout“early-retirementpolicies”mentionedinthe4thparagraph? A.Theyprovedtobelittleuseandnearlynolongerineffect. B.Theyhaveeffectivelyhelpedyoungemployees. C.Theyfinanciallysupportedtheelderlypeople. D.TheyhavegainpopularityinsouthernEuropeancountries.65. Theword“fallacy”(inthelastparagraph)probablymeans“______”. A.commonbelief B.wrongconcept C.acceptableassumption D.wisestatement66. Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith? A.Early-retirementpoliciesshouldhavebeenwelladoptedbygovernments. B.Youngpeopleshouldbeencouragedintotraditionalindustries. C.Supportivepoliciesshouldbemadetohelpelderlypeoplewhencrisisoccurs. D.Oldpeople’sremaininginjobsdoesn’tnecessarilythreatenyoungpeople’sjobs.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Healthyyoldpeoplewillrequiregreatchangesinhealthspending.Theybecomeoneofthefastestgrowinggroupsforairlinebusinesses.Theriseoftheyoldwilldefinitelybeablessingtobothcultureandeconomy.Healthworsenswithage,buttheyoldareresistingthedeclinebetterthanmost.Manycompaniestreatolderworkersunfairlybyofferingtrainingonlytoyoungerones.Bossesmaythinkproductivityfallswithage,butstudiesinGermanysuggestthingsdifferent.YoldTheyear2020marksthebeginningofthedecadeoftheyold,orthe“youngold”,astheJapanesecallpeopleagedbetween65and75.Bycontinuingtoworkandstayingsociallyengaged,theboomers,intheirnewappearanceastheyoungold,willchangetheworld.Theyoldaremorenumerous,healthierandwealthierthanpreviousgenerationsofseniors.67Ofthe3.7yearsofincreasedlifeexpectancyinrichcountriesbetween2000and2015,saystheWHO,3.2yearswereenjoyedingoodhealth.Workingisoneofthefactorsthatarehelpingpeoplestayhealthylonger.AGermanstudyfoundthatpeoplewhoremainatworkafterthenormalretirementagemanagetoslowthecognitive(认知的)decline.Theyoldarealsobetteroff,whilethewealthofallotheragegroupsdeclined.Theyoldarechallengingthetraditionalexpectationsoftheretiredinmanyaspects.Theywon’twearindoorshoesandlookafterthegrandchildren.68Theyalsospendmuchmore,whentakingaforeignholiday,thanyoungeradults,sotheyarevitaltothetourismindustry.And,becauseoftheimportanceofpensions,theyoldaretransforminginsurancecompaniesfrompassivedistributorsoffixedannuities(年金)tofinancialserviceprovidersforcustomerswhowanttomanagetheirpensionpotsmoreactively.69Theyfindthatolderworkershave,ifanything,slightlyabove-averageproductivityandthatteamsofworkersfrommultiplegenerationsarethemostproductiveofall.Societiesshouldbebetteroffbecausepublicspendingonhealthandpensionsshouldbelowerthanexpected,aspeopleworklongerandneedlessmedicalcare.Today,somebigthingswillhavetochange,underpressurefromtheyoldthemselves.Themostimportantispublicattitudestowardsolderpeopleandinparticulartheexpectationthat60-somethingsoughttoquietlyretireintothebackground.70Theyoldwilldemandthatcompaniesbecomemoreage-friendlyand,intheprocess,helpchangeattitudestowardsagingitself.IV. SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.RoboticExoskeletonsThankstoroboticexoskeletons,victimsofspinalcord(脊椎)injuryhaveanewreasontohope.Roboticexoskeletons,consistingofmetallegs,motors,batteries,wiring,acontrollerandasetofstrips,worktogetherliketheuser’sbones,musclesandnerves—outsidethebody.Fastenedintoanexoskeletonandsupportedbysticks,userscandirectthemachinerytotakethemwheretheywanttogo.Inadditiontopartlyrestoringmobility,roboticexoskeletonsofferthesignificantmentalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofstandingupandmoving.Justbeingabletogetupfromawheelchairgivespatientsamorenatural,positiveviewoftheworld.Italsohelpsrelievepressureonpatients’skinandreducesthedangerofpressuresores.Standinguprightstrengthensadisabledperson’smusclesandbones,improveshearthealth,andreducescertainotherhealthcomplications(并发症).Anditmayactuallyresultinpartialnerverepair,somethingthatcanonlyhappenwhenapatientisabletomove.Aspromisingasthistechnologyis,however,itisnosimplecure-allforparalysis(瘫痪)oritscomplications.Themotionisnotaccuratecomparedwithnaturalwalking,andexoskeletonsarenoteasytouse,especiallyonsurfacesthatarenotsmooth.Theyareveryexpensive,costingaboutUS$100,000.Healthinsuranceplansandgovernmentprogramsmaynotcoverthecosto