《工业互联网导论》课件 第一章 工业制造基础

《工业互联网导论》AnIntroductiontoIndustrialInternetLecturer：ZhouHaifei本章知识图谱第一章工业制造基础OutlineofthisChapterChapter1

FundamentalsofIndustrialManufacturing制造业定义1.1制造业工业制造，又简称制造业。制造业是指对制造资源，按照市场要求，通过制造过程，转化为可供人们使用和利用的大型工具、工业品与生活消费产品的行业。DefinitionofManufacturing1.1ManufacturingIndustrialmanufacturingisalsocalledmanufacturing.Manufacturingreferstomanufacturingresources,basedonmarketrequirementsandthemanufacturingprocess,theyaretransformedintolarge-scaletools,industrialproductsandconsumergoodsforpeopletouse.制造业重要性1.1制造业制造业的强弱，是一个国家的生产力水平的直接体现，是区别发展中国家和发达国家的重要因素。ImportanceofManufacturing1.1ManufacturingThestrengthofthemanufacturingindustryreflectsacountry’sproductivitylevel,anditisanimportantfactorthatdistinguishesdevelopingcountriesfromdevelopedcountries.我国制造业情况1.1制造业制造业是我国经济增长的主导产业，也是经济转型的基础；制造业是我国城镇人口就业的主要渠道，也是国际竞争力的集中体现。ManufacturinginChina1.1ManufacturingInChina,manufacturingistheleadingindustryineconomicgrowthandthefoundationofeconomictransformation;itisthemainchannelofemploymentfortheurbanpopulation,andalsoamanifestationofinternationalcompetitiveness.制造业生产环节1.1制造业制造业包括：产品制造、设计、原料采购、设备组装、仓储运输、订单处理、批发经营、零售等环节。ProductionLinksof

Manufacturing1.1ManufacturingThemanufacturingindustryincludes:productmanufacturing,design,rawmaterialprocurement,equipmentassembly,warehousingandtransportation,orderprocessing,wholesaleoperation,retail,etc.制造业划分1.1制造业根据在生产中使用的物质形态的不同，制造业可划分为：离散制造业和流程制造业。ClassificationofManufacturing1.1ManufacturingAccordingtodifferentmaterialformsusedinproduction,manufacturingcanbedividedintodiscretemanufacturingandprocessmanufacturing.离散制造业1.1制造业离散制造业，是指产品经过一系列并不连续的工序加工装配而成的制造业。DiscreteManufacturing1.1ManufacturingDiscretemanufacturingreferstotheprocessingandassemblyofproductsthroughaseriesofdiscontinuousprocesses.流程制造业1.1制造业流程制造业，是指产品以流水生产线方式组织的连续生产而成的制造业。Process

Manufacturing1.1ManufacturingProcessmanufacturingreferstothecontinuousproductionofproductsorganizedinanassemblyline.先进制造业1.1制造业先进制造业，是指制造业通过不断融合新技术成果，实现信息化、自动化、智能化、柔性化、生态化生产，从而取得良好经济收益和市场效果的制造业的总称。AdvancedManufacturing1.1ManufacturingAdvancedmanufacturing,throughthecontinuousintegrationofnewtechnologicalachievements,realizestheproductionofinformation,automation,intelligence,flexibilityandecology,andachieveseconomicreturnsandmarketresults.基本特点1.1制造业BasicCharacteristics1.1Manufacturing与传统制造技术的比较1.1制造业与传统制造技术相比，它具有如下优势。1）先进制造技术的基础是优质、高效、低耗、无污染或少污染工艺，并在此基础上实现优化及与新技术的结合，形成新的工艺与技术。Comparisonwithtraditionalmanufacturingtechnology

1.1ManufacturingComparedwithtraditionalmanufacturingtechnology,advancedmanufacturingtechnologyhasthefollowingadvantages.1)Thebasisofadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyishigh-quality,high-efficiency,low-consumption,non-pollutionorless-pollutionprocesses.Onthisbasis,itisoptimizedandcombinedwithnewtechnologiestoformnewprocessesandtechnologies.与传统制造技术的比较1.1制造业2）传统制造技术一般单指加工制造过程的工艺办法，而先进制造技术覆盖了从产品设计、加工制造到产品销售、使用、维修的整个过程。Comparisonwithtraditionalmanufacturingtechnology

1.1Manufacturing2)Traditionalmanufacturingtechnologyonlyreferstothetechnologicalmethodsofthemanufacturingprocess,whileadvancedmanufacturingtechnologycoverstheentireprocessfromproductdesign,processingandmanufacturingtoproductsales,use,andmaintenance.与传统制造技术的比较1.1制造业3）传统制造技术一般只能驾驭生产过程中的物质流和能量流，随着信息技术的融入，使先进制造技术成为能驾驭生产过程中的物质流、能量流和信息流的系统工程。Comparisonwithtraditionalmanufacturingtechnology1.1Manufacturing3)Traditionalmanufacturingtechnologycanonlycontrolthematerialandenergyflowintheproductionprocess.Withtheintegrationofinformationtechnology,advancedmanufacturingtechnologyhasbecomeasystemsengineeringthatcancontrolthematerial,energyandinformationflowintheproductionprocess.与传统制造技术的比较1.1制造业4）传统制造技术的学科、专业单一，界限分明，而先进制造技术的各专业、学科、技术之间的不断交叉、融合，形成了综合、集成的新技术。Comparisonwithtraditionalmanufacturingtechnology1.1Manufacturing4)Thedisciplinesandmajorsoftraditionalmanufacturingtechnologyaresingle,andtheirboundariesareclear;whilevariousmajors,disciplines,andtechnologiesofadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyintersectandmergecontinuously,formingacomprehensiveandintegratednewtechnology.本次课到此结束TheEnd《工业互联网导论》AnIntroductiontoIndustrialInternetLecturer：ZhouHaifei智能化定义1.2智能制造智能化是集信息技术、系统控制技术、电子技术、光电子技术、通信技术、传感技术、软件技术和专家系统等为一体，扩展或替代脑力劳动为目的的高层次的智能制造技术。DefinitionofIntelligence1.2IntelligentManufacturingIntelligenceisahigh-levelintelligentmanufacturingtechnologythatintegratesinformationtechnology,systemcontroltechnology,electronictechnology,optoelectronictechnology,communicationtechnology,sensortechnology,softwaretechnology,andexpertsystems,withthepurposeofexpandingorreplacingmentalwork.产品是目标对象1.2智能制造智能制造，包含智能制造技术和智能制造系统。1）智能制造面向产品全生命周期，而非狭义的加工生产环节，产品是智能制造的目标对象。ProductsaretheTarget1.2IntelligentManufacturingIntelligentmanufacturingincludesintelligentmanufacturingtechnologyandintelligentmanufacturingsystem.1)Intelligentmanufacturingcoverstheentirelifecycleofproducts,notjustprocessingandproduction.Productsarethetargetofintelligentmanufacturing.信息化制造1.2智能制造2）智能制造以新一代信息技术为基础，包括物联网、大数据、云计算据等，是泛在感知条件下的信息化制造。Information-basedManufacturing1.2IntelligentManufacturing2)Intelligentmanufacturingisbasedonanewgenerationofinformationtechnology,includingtheInternetofThings,bigdata,cloudcomputing,etc.Itisinformation-basedmanufacturingunderubiquitoussensorconditions.载体是制造系统1.2智能制造3）智能制造的载体是制造系统。制造系统从微观到宏观有不同的层次；制造系统的构成包括产品、制造资源、各种过程活动以及运行与管理模式。TheCarrier

isManufacturingSystem1.2IntelligentManufacturing3)Thecarrierofintelligentmanufacturingisthemanufacturingsystem.Therearedifferentlevelsofmanufacturingsystemfrommicrotomacro;itincludesproducts,manufacturingresources,variousprocessactivities,andoperationandmanagementmodes.智能制造系统层次关系1.2智能制造LevelsofIntelligentManufacturingSystem1.2IntelligentManufacturing针对关键环节1.2智能制造4）智能制造技术的应用是针对制造系统的关键环节或过程，而不一定是全部。FocusonKeyLinks1.2IntelligentManufacturing4)Theapplicationofintelligentmanufacturingtechnologymainlyfocusesonthekeylinkorprocessofthemanufacturingsystem,butnotall.突出“智能”1.2智能制造5）“智能”的制造系统，必须具备一定自主性的感知、学习、分析、决策、通信与协调控制能力，这是其区别于“自动化制造系统”和“数字化制造系统”的根本。Highlight“Intelligence”1.2IntelligentManufacturing5)A“smart”manufacturingsystemmusthaveacertaindegreeofautonomousperception,learning,analysis,decision-making,communication,coordinationandcontrolcapabilities,whichisfundamentaldifferencebetween“automatedmanufacturingsystem”and“digitalmanufacturingsystem”.实现优化目标1.2智能制造6）构建“智能”的制造系统，必然是为了实现某些优化目标。AchieveOptimizationGoals1.2IntelligentManufacturing6)Buildinga“smart”manufacturingsystemistoachievecertainoptimizationgoals.三个优点1.2智能制造智能制造集自动化、柔性化、集成化和智能化于一身，具有实时感知、优化决策、动态执行三个方面的优点。ThreeAdvantages1.2IntelligentManufacturingIntelligentmanufacturingintegratesautomation,flexibility,integrationandintelligence,andithastheadvantagesofreal-timeperception,optimizeddecision-making,anddynamicexecution.智能制造特征1.2智能制造自组织能力。智能制造中的各组成单元，能够根据工作任务需要，集结成一种超柔性最佳结构，并按照最优方式运行。FeaturesofIntelligentManufacturing

1.2IntelligentManufacturingSelf-organizationability.Thecomponentsinintelligentmanufacturingcanbeassembledintoasuper-flexibleandoptimalstructureaccordingtotheneedsoftask,andoperatesintheoptimalway.智能制造特征1.2智能制造自律能力。智能制造具有搜集与理解环境信息，以及自身信息，并进行分析判断和规划自身行为的能力。FeaturesofIntelligentManufacturing

1.2IntelligentManufacturingSelf-disciplineability.Intelligentmanufacturingcancollectandunderstandenvironmentalinformation,aswellasitsowninformation,anditcanalsoanalyze,judgeandplanitsownbehavior.智能制造特征1.2智能制造自学习和自维护能力。智能制造以原有的专家知识为基础，在实践中不断进行学习，完善系统知识库，并剔除其中不适用的知识，使知识库趋于合理化。FeaturesofIntelligentManufacturing

1.2IntelligentManufacturingSelf-learningandself-maintenanceabilities.Basedontheoriginalexpertknowledge,intelligentmanufacturingcontinuouslylearnsinpractice,perfectsthesystemknowledgebase,andeliminatestheinapplicableknowledgetorationalizetheknowledgebase.智能制造特征1.2智能制造整个制造环境的智能集成。智能制造在强调各子系统智能化的同时，更注重整个制造环境的智能集成，实现系统整体的智能化。FeaturesofIntelligentManufacturing

1.2IntelligentManufacturingIntelligentintegrationoftheentiremanufacturingsystem.Whileemphasizingtheintelligenceofvarioussubsystems,intelligentmanufacturingpaysmoreattentiontotheintelligentintegrationoftheentiremanufacturingsystemtorealizeitsoverallintelligence.智能制造特征1.2智能制造人机一体化。突出了人在制造环境中的核心地位，同时在智能机器的配合下，更好地发挥了人的潜能。FeaturesofIntelligentManufacturing

1.2IntelligentManufacturingHuman-machineintegration.Ithighlightsthecorepositionofhumansinthemanufacturingenvironment,andwiththecooperationofintelligentmachines,itbetterexertshumanpotentials.智能制造特征1.2智能制造虚拟与物理的融合。智能制造系统蕴含了两个世界，一个是由机器实体和人构成的物理世界，另一个是由数字模型、状态信息和控制信息构成的虚拟世界。FeaturesofIntelligentManufacturing

1.2IntelligentManufacturingIntegrationofvirtualandphysicalworld.Theintelligentmanufacturingsystemcontainstwoworlds,oneisaphysicalworldcomposedofmachinesandhuman,andtheotherisavirtualworldcomposedofdigitalmodels,statusinformationandcontrolinformation.本次课到此结束Theend《工业互联网导论》AnIntroductiontoIndustrialInternetLecturer：ZhouHaifei智能制造装备定义1.3智能制造装备《智能制造装备产业“十二五”发展规划》将智能制造装备定义为：具有感知、决策、执行功能的各类制造装备的统称。DefinitionofIntelligentManufacturingEquipment1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentTheTwelfthFive-YearDevelopmentPlanfortheIntelligentManufacturingEquipmentIndustrydefinesintelligentmanufacturingequipmentas:acollectivetermforalltypesofmanufacturingequipmentwithperception,decision-making,andexecutionfunctions.智能制造装备1.3智能制造装备智能制造装备主要包括高档数控机床、工业机器人、增材制造装备、智能生产线、智能仪器仪表等。Intelligentmanufacturingequipment1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentIntelligentmanufacturingequipmentmainlyincludeshigh-endCNCmachinetools,industrialrobots,additivemanufacturingequipment,intelligentproductionlines,intelligentinstrumentsandmeters,etc.数控机床1.3智能制造装备数控机床，是一种装有程序控制系统的自动化机床。分为高档数控机床、中档数控机床、低档数控机床。CNCmachinetools1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentACNCmachinetoolisanautomatedmachinetoolequippedwithaprogramcontrolsystem,whichisdividedintohigh-end,mid-range,andlow-endCNCmachinetools.高档数控机床1.3智能制造装备高档数控机床，所谓“高档”，一般是指高性能，即高精、高细、高速、柔性、智能、高可靠性、高重复性、低故障率等。High-endCNCmachinetools1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentHigh-endCNCmachinetools.Theso-called“high-end”generallyreferstohigh-performance,namely,high-precision,high-definition,high-speed,flexibility,intelligence,highreliability,highrepeatability,lowfailurerate,etc.数控机床重要性1.3智能制造装备数控机床是现代制造业的主流设备，是体现现代机床技术水平、现代机械制造业工艺水平的重要标志，是关系国计民生、国防尖端建设的战略物资。ImportanceofCNCmachinetools1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentCNCmachinetoolsarethemainstreamequipmentinmodernmanufacturing,whichreflectthetechnologicallevelofmodernmachinetoolsandmodernmachinerymanufacturing.Theyarestrategicmaterialsrelatedtothenationaleconomy,people’slivelihood,andthecutting-edgeconstructionofnationaldefense.1.3智能制造装备FANUC数控车床及系统面板SINUMERIK数控系统面板广州数控系统面板华中数控系统面板1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentFANUCCNClatheandsystempanelSINUMERIKCNCsystempanelGSKCNCsystempanelHCNCCNCSystemPanel我国数控系统发展1.3智能制造装备我国对数控系统技术的研究始于1958年，经过几十年的发展已形成具有一定技术水平和生产规模的产业体系。ThedevelopmentofCNCsysteminChina1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentChinastartedresearchingCNCsystemtechnologyin1958.Afterdecadesofdevelopment,anindustrialsystemwithhightechnologicallevelandlargeproductionscalehasbeenformed.工业机器人1.3智能制造装备工业机器人，是一种通过重复编程和自动控制，能够完成制造过程中某些操作任务的多功能、多自由度的机电一体化自动机械装备和系统。Industrialrobots1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentAnindustrialrobot,throughrepeatedprogrammingandautomaticcontrol,cancompletecertainoperationaltasksinthemanufacturingprocess.Itisamulti-functional,multi-degree-of-freedommechatronicsautomaticmechanicalequipmentandsystem.工业机器人分类1.3智能制造装备工业机器人种类繁杂，大致可以从应用环境、控制方式、移动性等方面来分类。ClassificationofIndustrialRobots1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentTherearemanytypesofindustrialrobots,butwecanclassifythemfromapplicationenvironment,controlmethods,andmobility.按应用环境（用途）分类1.3智能制造装备搬运机器人，是一种采用机械手的动作,实现物料的搬运的工业机器人。Classifiedbyapplicationenvironment(purpose)1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentThehandlingrobot.Itisanindustrialrobotthatusestheactionofamanipulatortorealizematerialhandling.按应用环境（用途）分类1.3智能制造装备码垛机器人，是一种对纸箱、袋装、罐装、啤酒箱、瓶装等各种形状成品进行包装、搬运及整齐有序摆放的工业机器人。Classifiedbyapplicationenvironment(purpose)1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentThepalletizingrobot.Forfinishedproductsofvariousshapessuchascartons,bags,cans,beercrates,andbottles,theindustrialrobotwillpackage,handleandorderlyplacethem.按应用环境（用途）分类1.3智能制造装备喷涂机器人，是一种多用于喷漆生产线上的工业机器人。Classifiedbyapplicationenvironment(purpose)1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentSprayingrobots.Itisanindustrialrobotcommonlyusedinspraypaintproductionlines.按应用环境（用途）分类1.3智能制造装备焊接机器人，是一种从事焊接工作的工业机器人。Classifiedbyapplicationenvironment(purpose)1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentWeldingrobots.Itisanindustrialrobotengagedinweldingwork.按应用环境（用途）分类1.3智能制造装备装配机器人，是一种用于物件安装的工业机器人。Classifiedbyapplicationenvironment(purpose)1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentAssemblingrobots.Itisanindustrialrobotusedforobjectinstallation.按控制方式分类1.3智能制造装备非伺服控制机器人，一般为端点机器人或开关式机器人，其主要特征体现为单向、无反馈机制的开环控制。Classifiedbycontrolmethod1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentNon-servocontrolledrobot.Itisgenerallyanendpointrobotoraswitchingrobot.Themainfeatureisanopen-loopcontrolmethodwithone-wayandnofeedbackmechanism.非伺服控制机器人特点1.3智能制造装备Featuresofnon-servocontrolledrobots1.3Intelligentmanufacturingequipment按控制方式分类1.3智能制造装备伺服控制机器人，一般分为连续控制类和定位（点到点）控制类。Classifiedbycontrolmethod1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentServocontrolledrobotsaregenerallydividedintocontinuouscontrolandpositioning(point-to-point)control.伺服控制机器人特点1.3智能制造装备FeaturesofServoControlledRobot1.3Intelligentmanufacturingequipment按移动性分类1.3智能制造装备固定式机器人，整台机器人不能移动，只能移动各个关节。移动式机器人，整个机器人可沿某个方向或任意方向移动。Classifiedbymobility1.3IntelligentmanufacturingequipmentfixedrobotThewholerobotcannotmove,andonlyeachjointcanbemoved;mobilerobotThewholerobotcanmoveinacertainoranydirection.本次课到此结束TheEnd《工业互联网导论》AnIntroductiontoIndustrialInternetLecturer：ZhouHaifei智能产线1.4智能制造工厂智能产线，是智能工厂规划的核心环节，需要根据生产线要生产的产品族、产能和生产节拍，采用价值流图等方法来合理规划智能产线。IntelligentProductionLine1.4IntelligentManufacturingFactoryIntelligentproductionlineisthecorelinkofintelligentfactoryplanningforenterprises.Accordingtotheproductfamily,capacityandefficiencyoftheproductionline,methodssuchasvaluestreammapsneedtobeusedtoplansmartproductionlinesproperly.智能产线1.4智能制造工厂在工业互联网的支持下，智能化生产线系统，实现工艺和生产过程持续优化、信息实时采集和全面监控的柔性化可配置，是制造业未来发展趋势。IntelligentProductionLine1.4IntelligentManufacturingFactoryWiththesupportoftheIndustrialInternet,theintelligentproductionlinesystemrealizesthecontinuousoptimizationoftechnologyandproductionprocess,theflexibleandconfigurablereal-timecollectionofinformationandcomprehensivemonitoring,whichisthedevelopmenttrendofthemanufacturingindustry.智能产线特点1.4智能制造工厂相较于传统产线，智能产线的特点主要体现在：感知、互联和智能三个方面。FeaturesofIntelligentProductionLine1.4IntelligentManufacturingFactoryComparedwithtraditionalproductionlines,thecharacteristicsofintelligentproductionlinesaremainlyreflectedin:perception,interconnectionandintelligence.智能制造车间1.4智能制造工厂智能制造车间，是产品制造的物理空间，其中的智能制造单元（产线）及制造装备提供实际的加工能力。IntelligentManufacturingWorkshop1.4IntelligentManufacturingFactoryTheintelligentmanufacturingworkshopisaphysicalspaceforproductmanufacturing,anditsintelligentmanufacturingunit(productionline)andequipm