2025年托福考试阅读真题模拟模拟试卷：自然科学解读

2025年托福考试阅读真题模拟模拟试卷：自然科学解读考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______一、选择题要求：请仔细阅读每篇短文，然后根据短文内容选择最合适的答案。每题只有一个正确答案。1.TheprimarypurposeofthepassageistoA.argueagainstthecurrentunderstandingoftheroleofplanktoninoceanecosystems.B.describetheprocessbywhichplanktoncontributetocarbonsequestration.C.introduceanewmethodforstudyingplanktonpopulationsintheocean.D.emphasizetheimportanceofplanktoninmaintainingthebalanceofmarinelife.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisakeyfactorthatcontributestothedeclineofplanktonpopulations?A.increasedlevelsofpollutantsintheocean.B.changesinoceantemperatureduetoclimatechange.C.overfishingoflargermarinespecies.D.theintroductionofnon-nativespeciesintomarineenvironments.3.TheauthormentionsthestudybyJohnsonetal.(2018)primarilytoA.provideevidenceforthedecliningtrendinplanktonpopulations.B.suggestapossiblesolutiontotheproblemofplanktondecline.C.criticizethemethodologyusedinpreviousresearchonplankton.D.highlighttheeconomicimpactofplanktondeclineonfisheries.4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainadvantageofusingsatelliteimagerytostudyplankton?A.Itallowsresearcherstoobserveplanktoninreal-time.B.Itprovidesdetailedinformationaboutthedistributionofplankton.C.Itislessexpensivethantraditionalresearchmethods.D.Itcanbeusedtomonitorchangesinplanktonpopulationsoverlongperiods.5.ThepassagesuggeststhatoneofthechallengesinaddressingplanktondeclineisA.thelackofsufficientfundingforresearch.B.thedifficultyinaccuratelymeasuringplanktonpopulations.C.theslowresponseofpolicymakerstoscientificfindings.D.thecomplexityoftheinteractionsbetweenplanktonandothermarinespecies.二、填空题要求：请根据短文内容，填写以下句子中缺失的单词。每空只有一个正确答案。6.ThestudybySmithetal.(2020)_______thatplanktonpopulationshavebeendecliningatanalarmingrateoverthepastdecade.7.Oneofthemostsignificantfactorscontributingtothisdeclineisthe_______ofoceantemperatures,whichaffectsthemetabolicratesofplankton.8.Satelliteimageryhasbecomeanincreasinglyvaluabletoolfor_______planktonpopulationsandtheirdistributionpatterns.9.TheauthorsoftheJohnsonetal.(2018)studysuggestthatconservationeffortsshouldfocuson_______thelevelsofpollutantsintheocean.10.Despitethechallenges,researchersbelievethataddressingplanktondeclineis_______tothehealthofmarineecosystemsandtheglobalclimate.三、选择题要求：请仔细阅读每篇短文，然后根据短文内容选择最合适的答案。每题只有一个正确答案。11.Thepassagediscussestheroleofphytoplanktonintheocean'scarboncycle.Whatisthemainmechanismbywhichphytoplanktoncontributetocarbonsequestration?A.Theyabsorbcarbondioxidethroughphotosynthesisandsinktotheoceanfloor.B.Theyreleasecarbondioxideduringrespiration,whichisthenabsorbedbyothermarineorganisms.C.Theyfacilitatetheconversionofcarbondioxideintomethane,apotentgreenhousegas.D.Theycreateabarrierthatpreventscarbondioxidefromenteringtheocean.12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneoftheconsequencesofthedeclineinphytoplanktonpopulations?A.Increasedlevelsofoxygenintheocean.B.Areductionintheocean'sabilitytoabsorbcarbondioxide.C.Enhancedgrowthofcoralreefs.D.Adecreaseinthenumberoffishspeciesthatrelyonplanktonforfood.13.TheauthormentionstheworkofLeeandZhang(2019)primarilytoA.provideanexampleofasuccessfulconservationeffortforplankton.B.highlightthecomplexityoffactorsaffectingplanktonpopulations.C.arguethatplanktondeclineisnotasignificantenvironmentalissue.D.suggestthatclimatechangeisthesolecauseofplanktondecline.14.ThepassagesuggeststhatoneofthechallengesinmitigatingtheeffectsofplanktondeclineisA.thelackofpublicawarenessabouttheimportanceofplankton.B.thedifficultyinimplementinglarge-scaleconservationmeasures.C.therapidpaceatwhichplanktonpopulationsaredeclining.D.thelimitednumberofresearchersstudyingplankton.15.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepotentialimpactof恢复ingplanktonpopulationsonglobalclimatechange?A.ItcouldleadtoanincreaseintheEarth'saveragetemperature.B.Itcouldenhancetheocean'sabilitytoabsorbcarbondioxide.C.Itcouldcauseasignificantshiftinoceancurrents.D.Itcouldleadtotheextinctionofothermarinespecies.四、填空题要求：请根据短文内容，填写以下句子中缺失的单词。每空只有一个正确答案。16.ThestudybyLeeandZhang(2019)_______thatthedeclineinplanktonpopulationsiscloselylinkedtochangesinoceantemperaturesandnutrientavailability.17.OneofthekeyfindingsoftheSmithetal.(2020)researchisthatplanktonpopulationshavebeendecliningatarateofapproximately_______peryear.18.Satelliteimageryhasbecomeanincreasinglyvaluabletoolfor_______thedistributionandabundanceofplanktonindifferentregionsoftheocean.19.TheauthorsoftheJohnsonetal.(2018)studysuggestthatreducingpollutionlevelsincoastalareascould_______therecoveryofplanktonpopulations.20.Despitethechallenges,researchersbelievethateffortstorestoreplanktonpopulationscouldhavea_______impactonmitigatingglobalclimatechange.本次试卷答案如下一、选择题答案及解析1.B.describetheprocessbywhichplanktoncontributetocarbonsequestration.解析：本文主要介绍了浮游生物如何通过光合作用吸收二氧化碳，并将其转化为有机物，进而影响海洋碳循环的过程。选项B准确概括了文章的主旨。2.B.changesinoceantemperatureduetoclimatechange.解析：文章提到，气候变化导致的海水温度变化是浮游生物数量下降的主要原因之一。选项B直接对应了这一信息。3.A.provideevidenceforthedecliningtrendinplanktonpopulations.解析：作者引用Johnsonetal.(2018)的研究，目的是提供浮游生物数量下降的证据。选项A准确反映了这一点。4.D.Itcanbeusedtomonitorchangesinplanktonpopulationsoverlongperiods.解析：文章强调卫星图像可以长时间监测浮游生物数量的变化。选项D准确概括了这一优势。5.B.thedifficultyinaccuratelymeasuringplanktonpopulations.解析：文章提到，准确测量浮游生物数量是一个挑战。选项B直接对应了这一信息。二、填空题答案及解析6.indicates解析：根据上下文，Smithetal.(2020)的研究表明浮游生物数量在下降。indicates符合语境。7.rise解析：文章提到海水温度的上升影响了浮游生物的新陈代谢率。rise符合语境。8.monitoring解析：卫星图像成为监测浮游生物数量和分布的重要工具。monitoring符合语境。9.reducing解析：Johnsonetal.(2018)的研究建议减少海洋中的污染物水平。reducing符合语境。10.critical解析：文章强调恢复浮游生物数量对海洋生态系统和全球气候变化的重要性。critical符合语境。三、选择题答案及解析11.A.Theyabsorbcarbondioxidethroughphotosynthesisandsinktotheoceanfloor.解析：文章详细介绍了浮游植物通过光合作用吸收二氧化碳，并最终沉降到海底的过程。选项A准确概括了这一机制。12.B.Areductionintheocean'sabilitytoabsorbcarbondioxide.