专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷1（共175题）

专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷1（共9

套）

（共175题）

专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷第1套

一、阅读理解（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

Whatisyourfavoritecolor?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?Ifyoudo,youmustbean

optimist,aleader,anactivepersonwhoenjoyslife,peopleandexcitement.Doyou

prefergraysandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andyouwouldratherfollow

thanlead.Youtendtobeapessimist（悲观主义者）.Thisiswhatpsychologiststellus.

Theytellus,amongotherfacts,thatwedon'tchooseourfavoritecoloraswegrowup一

wearebornwithourpreference.Ifyouhappentolovebrown,youdidsoassoonasyou

openedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly.Colorsdoinfluenceour

moods;thereisnodoubtaboutit.Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerful

andmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.Ablack

bridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethesceneofmoresuicidesthan

anyotherbridgeinthearea—untilitwasrepaintedgreen.Thenumberofsuicide

attemptsimmediatelyfellsharply;perhapsitwouldhavefallenevenmoreifthebridge

hadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.Weoflenassociateaparlicularcolorwilhapieceof

music,abook,aplay、aDBrson,anumber,oraletter.Doesn't3lookredand4yellow?

AtthebeginningofthiscenturyaFrenchpoetwrotethatfbrhimtheletterAwasalv/ays

black;Ewaswhite,Ired,Oblue,andUgreen.Forsomeoneelse,Umightbedeeppurple

orlemonyellow.Atragic（悲观的）slorymakesyouthinkofblack,red,andgold,while

lovestoriesvaryfromredtopink-ormaybelightblue?Andwhydidtheblack

Americancomposersofsadjazzmusiccallthesongs"blues"?Remember,then,thatif

youfeellow,youcanalwaysbrightenyourday-oryourlife—withanewshirtorafew

cansofpaint.Anddon'tforgetthatanyonecanguessalotaboutyourpersonalitywhen

youchooseapairofsocksoralampshade.

1、Apersonwhoprefersgraysandbluesislikelytobe.

A、aleader

B、anoptimist

C、afollower

D、apsychologist

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从第一段第四、五句中“Doyouprefergraysandblues?Thenyouare

probablyquiet,shy,andyouwouldratherfollowthanlead.“可知C是正确答案。

2、Thenumberofsuicideattemptsfellsharplyafter.

A、thebridgeovertheThamesRiverwasrepaintedpink

B、thebridgeovertheThamesRiverwasrepaintedgreen

C、thebridgeovertheThamesRiverhadbeenrepaintedbabyblue

D、thebridgeovertheThamesRiverhadbeenrepaintedblack

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从第二段第四、五句''AblackbndgeovertheThamesRiver,near

London,usedtobelhesceneofmoresuicidesthananyotherbridgeintheareauntil

itwasrepaintedgreen.Thenumberofsuicideattemptsimmediately回Isharply…”可知

B正确。

3、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabouttheFrenchpoetmentionedinthe

abovepassage?

A、HealwayswrotetheletterAinblack.

B、Iamredhewrote.

CxHewroteforhimselfthattheletterIJwasalwaysgreen.

D、HesaidthattheletterAalwayssuggesteddepressiontohim.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从第二段第三句"Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.”和第三段第

三句"AtthebeginningofthiscenturyaFrenchpoetwrotethatfbrhimtheletterAwas

alwaysblack...”可推断出D正确。

4、Thesongsofthesadjazzmusicgetthename"blues"because.

A、theblackpeoplearesad

B、thebluecolorremindsonesadness

C^theblackpeoplelikethesongs

D、thebluecolorissad

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第三段最后一句"AndwhydidtheblackAmericancomposersofsad

jazzmusiccallthesongs'blues'”中的sad可知正确答案为Bo

5、Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkmaybestserveasthetitleofthispassage?

A、HowColorInfluencesMood

B、TheDifferenceBetweenColorandMood

C、Mood,sInfluenceonColor

D、Color'sInfluenceonMood

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章一直在强调颜色影响心情，第二段首句即是文章的中心。故选

Do

Thereisn'tanyquestionaboutWashington'sgicatncss.Ifhisadministrationhadbeena

failure,therewouldhavebeennoUnitedStates.Hehadallthebackgroundthatcaused

himtoknowhowtomakeitwork,becausehehadworkedundertheContinental

Congress.SomePresidentshavelimitedtheirrolestobeingadministratorsofthelaws

withoutbeingleaders.ButWashingtonwasbothagreatadministratorandagreatleader.

Iguessinfact,thattheonlyanti-WashingtonthingIcansayisthathemadeamistake

whenheestablishedtheprecedentofthetwo-termPresidentandeventherehehada

goodpersonalreasonforwantingthat,atleastforhimself.Hewasattackedviciouslyby

thepressofhisday;hewascalledsomanyterriblethingsthathetoldfriendsevenduring

hisfirsttermthathewasn'tgoingtorunagain.ButThomasJeffersonandJames

MadisonandAlexanderHamiltonpersuadedhimtogoaheadandserveasecondterm

andfinallyhedid.Afterhe'dgottenthroughhissecondterm,though,hemadeuphis

mindthathejustwouldn'ttakeitanymore,andhequit.

6、Basicallytheauthor'sopinionofWashingtonis.

A、praiseful

B、derogatory

C、critical

D、negative

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第一段着重介绍了华盛顿的巨大贡献，由第二句"Ifhis

administrationhadbeenafailure,therewouldhavebeennoUnitedStates”/□最后——句

“ButWashingtonwasbothagreatadministratorandagreatleader.”可知作者对华盛顿

是持赞扬态度的。故选A。

7、Washington'sadministrationhadbeena.

A、failure

B、success

C、goodexamplefollowedbyotherpresidents

D、miracle

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从第一段的第二句中“Ifhisadministrationhadbeenafailure,there

wouldhavebeennoUnitedStates.”可推理出华盛顿的行政管理是成功的。

8、Washington,sgreatnessshoweditselfinthat.

A、WashingtonworkedundertheContinentalCongress

B、Washingtonlimitedhisroletobeingadministratorsofthelaws

C、Washingtonwasbothagreatadministratorandagreatleader

D、Washingtonestablishedtheprecedentofthetwo-termPresidency

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从第一段最后一句"ButWashingtonwasbothagreatadministratoranda

greatleader.”可知C对。

9、What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardWashingtorfsUvo-tcrmPresidency?

A、HethinksWashingtonmadeamistakebydoingso.

B、HethinksthatWashingtonhadagoodpersonalreasonfordoingso.

C^HethinksthatWashingtonwastooselfishindoingso.

D、bothAandB

标准答案：D

知识点解析:从第二段第一句“…thattheonlyanti—WashingtonthingIcansayisthat

hemadeamistakewhenheestablishedtheprecedentofthetwo-termPresidentandeven

therehehadagoodpersonalreasonforwantingthat,atleastforhiniseif.“可知A、B

都正确，故正确答案为D。

10、WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

A、Washingtonwasverypopularwiththepressofhisday.

Washingtonwaspersuadedtoservethesecondterm.

C、WashingtoncontributedmuchtotheestablishmentoftheUnitedStates.

D、Washington'sgreatnessisundoubted.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从第二段第二句可知“Hewasattackedviciouslybythepressofhis

day...”,在这里“beattackedviciously”与选项A中的“popular”不相符，故选A。

Asprotectorofherfamily'shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationsshenever

imaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.FewwomencameWestpreparedtodealwith

desertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,

theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.Andmostpatentmedicines

werenomorereliablethanthetravelingmerchantswhosoldthem.Incertaincases,a

womancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome.

Westernmosquitoes,forexample,provedtobeasrepelledbyapasteofvinegarandsalt

asweretheirEasterncousins.Moreoften,however,awomanwasguidedonlybyher

ownskillinpreparingtonics,powders,poisons,andpolishesfromwhatevershehadat

hand;saltmadeapassabletoothpaste;gunpowderwasappliedtowarts（瘤）,and

turpentinetoopencuts;goosegrease,skunkoil,andtheever-presentlard（猪油）were

basicliniments（擦齐ij）;medicinalteasandtonicsweremadefromsunflowerseedsand

roots.

11、Accordingtothepassage,whyweredoctorsintheWestsometimesunabletohelp

theirpatients?

A、Theydidnotknowhowtotreattheunfamiliarillnesses.

BNTheyknewlittleaboutmedicine.

C、Theywerenotgenuinedoctors.

D、Theywereoftenovercomebydiseases.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第一段第三句说到“Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywere

oftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.”即:医生不比病人知道得多。此句

中“Domoreknowledgeable”和选项A中的“didn'tknow”是同义替换。

12、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinterredfromthepassageaboutpatentmedicines?

A^Theywerenotavailable.

B、Fewdoctorsknewhowtousethem.

C、Theydidnotworkverywell.

D、Themerchantswhosoldthemwerereliable.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从文章第一段最后一句中“Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomore

reliable…”可知这些药的效果也不是很好。故C正确。

13、Itcanbeinterredthatmostotthepioneersreferredtointhepassagewereoriginally

fromintheUnitedStates.

A、thedesert

B、theWest

C、thestateofMississippi

D、theEast

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第一段“FewwomencameWestpreparedtodealwithdesert

sunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.”可知她们不可能来自西部和沙漠地

带，又由第一句中“befbrecrossingthcMississippi”可知她们也不可能来自密西西

比。再结合地理知识可推出她们大多数来自美国东部。

14、AsusedinLine3,Para2,theword"cousins"refersto.

similarmedicines

B、mosquitoesintheEast

C^peoplewiththesamebeliefs

D^familymembersintheEast

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由第二段第二句"Westernmosquitoes,forexample,provedtobeas

repelledbyapasteofvinegarandsaltasweretheirEasterncousins.”可推理出cousins

指的是mosquitoesintheeast®这样选词主要是为避免重复。

15、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinordertosurviveintheWestthepioneer

hadtobe.

A、sincere

B、friendly

C^resourceful

D^hard-working

标准答案：C

知识点露析：通过全文描述可推断出要想在西部生存的话必须要能够足智多谋，随

机应变，即C项的意思。

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.

Itisnoleasyloexplainwhyonepersonisinlelligenlandanotherisnot,orwhyoneis

cooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremely

interestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertain

characteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo

distinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwo

approachesareverydifferentfromoneanother,andthereisagreatdealofdebate

betweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenreferredtoas

"nature/nurture'*.Thosewhosupportthe"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatour

personalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgenetics（遗

传学）factors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,

characteristics,andbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheory

maintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchadegreethatwearealmost

completelygovernedbyourinstincts.Proponentsofthe"nurture"theory,or,astheyare

oftencalled,behaviorists,claimedthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanour

biologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwcwillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,

seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheir

surroundings.Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;they

maintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuli（刺激）asthebasis

oftheirbehavior.Eitherofthesetheoriescannotyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.In

fact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwo

extremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinuefbralongtimeiscertain.

16^Whichoneofthefollowingstatementswouldsupportersofthe"nature"theory

agreewith?

A、Aperson'sinstinctshavelittleeffectonhisaction.

B、Environmentisimportantindeterminingaperson'sbehaviorandpersonality.

C>Biologicalreasonshaveastronginfluenceonhowweact.

D、Thebehaviorists,viewcorrectlyexplainshowweact.

标准答案：C

知识点解析:从文章第三段开头提到“Thosewhosupportthe4nature9sideoftheconflict

believethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiological

andgentries（遗传学）faclurs.''可知C是正确答案。

17、Whichoneofthefollowingstatementswouldproponentsofthe"nurture"theory

agreewith?

A、Aperson'scharacterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhisenvironment.

B、Behavioristtheoryisnotcorrect.

C^Biologicallybasedinstinctsareimportantinhowweact.

D、Environmenthaslittletodowithbehavior.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由文章第四段第一句"Proponentsofthe'nurture'thcory,or,astheyare

oftencalled,behaviorists,claimedthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanour

biologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.”可知在持“nurture”理论观

点的人看来，环境决定我们的行为。因此选A。

18、B.F.Skinner

A、supportsthenaturetheory

B、believesintheimportanceofgenesindeterminingpersonality

C^thinkstheenvironmentplaysanimportantroleindeterminingcharacter

D、believesinstinctsgovernbehavior

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第四段第二句提到“B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhose

behaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundmgs.”此题关键是读出被动句

和shape的意思。文中的shape（塑造）与选项中的“playanimportantroleindetenriing,,

是同义替换。

19、Concerningthenature/nurturecontroversy,thewriterofthisarticle.

A、supportsthenaturetheory

B、supportsthenurturetheory

C、believesbotharecompletelywrong

D^thinksthatthecorreciexplanationofhumanbehaviorwilltakeideasfromboth

theories

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文中第五段第二句"Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoour

behaviorlicssomcwhcrcbetweenthesetwoextremes.”可知D正确。

20、IntheUnitedStates,BlackpeopleoftenscorebelowWhitepeopleonintelligence

tests.Withthisinmind,v/hichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

A^NatureproponentswouldsaythatWhitesaregeneticallysuperiortoBlacks.

B、SupportersofthenaturetheorywouldsaythatWhitesscorewellbecausetheyhavea

superiorenvironment.

C、BehavioristswouldsaythatBlackoftenlacktheeducationalandenvironmental

advantagesthatWhitesenjoy.

D、NurtureproponentswoulddisagreethatBlacksarcbiologicallyinferiortoWhites.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：选项中的B是赞成“天性”学说的人认为美国人取得高分是因为他们

处的环境比较优越，这与其生物和遗传对人的影响较大的观点相冲突。故选B。

专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷第2套

一、阅读理解（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyoftheUnitedStatesbeganwiththe

AmericanRevolution.Infact,evenbeforeindependencefromBritainwaswon,it

becameclearthatresolvingthedilemmassurroundingthepublicdomainmightprove

necessarytopreservetheUnionitself.AtthepeacenegotiationswithBritain,American

demanded,andgot,awesternboundaryattheMississippiRiver.Thusthenewnation

securedforitsbirthrightavastinternalempirerichinagriculturalandmineralresources.

Butundertheircolonialcharters,sevenstatesMassachusetts,Connecticut,NewYork,

Virginia,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,andGeorgiaclaimedportionsofthewestern

wilderness.Virginia*sclaimwasthelargest,stretchingnorthandtoencompassthelater

statesofKentucky,Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,Michigan,andWisconsin.Thelanguageofthe

charterswasvaguesponsoringColonelGeorgeRogerClark's1778expeditionto

VincennesandKalkaska,whichstrengthenedAmerica'strans-Appalachianpretensionsat

thepeacetable.Thesixslatesholdingnoclaimtothetransmittanceregiondoubted

whetheraconfederacyinwhichtciritoiywassounevenlyapportionedwouldUulyprove

whatitclaimedtobe,aunionofCQMS.AlreadyNewJersey,Delaware,RhodeIsland,

andMarylandwereamongthesmallestandleastpopulousofthestates.Whilethey

leviedheavytaxestorepaystateswardebts,theirlargerneighborsmightretiredebtsout

oflandsaleproceeds.Drawnbyfreshlandsandlowtaxes,peoplewoulddesertthesmall

statesforthelarge,leavingtheformertofallintobankruptcyandeventuallyintopolitical

subjugation.Allthestatessharedinthewareffort,saidtheNewJerseylegislature;how

thencouldhalfofthem"belefttosinkunderanenormousdebt,whileothersarc

enabled,inashortperiod,toreplacealltheirexpenditurefromthehardearningsofthe

wholeconfederacy?"Astherevolutionwasacommonendeavor,sooughtitsfruits,

includingthewesternlands,tobeacommonproperty.

1、Withwhichoftheful'ovvinglupiusisthepassagepriinarilyconcerned?

A、Acontroversialpublic-landpolicy.

HowindependencefromBritainwaswon.

C>ThelandholdingsofMassachusetts.

D、HowNewJerseydevelopeditswesternland.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从文章首句：“Politicalcontrovcrsyaboutthepublic—landpolicyofthe

UnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericanRevolulion”可知，文章的中心是有关美国的公

有土地政策的争论问题。故选A。

2、Accordingtothepassage,theBritishgrantedthenewAmericannationawestern

boundaryat.

A、Ohio

B、Illinois

C、theMississippiRiver

D、theAppalachianMountains

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从第二段的第一句：“AtthepeacenegotiationswithBritain,American

demanded,andgot,awesternboundaryattheMississippiRiver”（经过和英国人和平

谈判，美国人的要求一西部边境线以密西西比河为界——得到了满足）。因此正

确答案为C。

3、Whichstateslaidclaimtothelargestland-holdings?

A、NorthCarolina

B>SouthCarolina.

C^Virginia.

D^Georgia.

标准答案：c

知识点。析：从第二段的第四句可知，是弗吉尼亚州对那片最大的土地提出了所有

权的要求。因此选C。

4、WhydoestheauthormentionColonelClark'sexpedition?

A、Toexplainhowonestatestrengtheneditslandclaims.

B>locriticizeanefforttoacquireadditionalagriculturalresources.

C、Toshowthatmanyexplorerssearchedfornewland.

D、ToquestionthevalidityofVirginia'sclaims.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从上下文可以推知，文中引用克拉克上校探险的事实，目的是为了强

调提出土地要求的声明。故选A。

5、Accordingtothepassage,thesmallerstatestriedtoraisemoneytopaytheirwar

debtsby.

Axcollectingtaxes

B、exportingcrops

C、sellingland

D、raisingcattle

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据最后一段第三句话：“Whiletheylevicdheavytaxestorepaystates

wardebts….”可知，较小的州是靠征收重税来偿还战争债务的。ihey指那些

smallerstateso因此A为正确答案。

Thestandardizededucationalorpsychologicalteststhatarewidelyusedtoaidin

selecting,classifying,assigning,orpromotingstudents,employees,andmilitary

personnelhavebeenthetargetofrecentattacksinbooks,magazines,thedailypress,and

eveninCongress.Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,criticsdivertattention

fromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.Theteststhemselvesare

merelytools,withcharacteristicsthatcanbemeasuredwithreasonableprecisionunder

specifiedcondition.Whethertheresultswillbevaluable,meaningless,oreven

misleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.Allinformed

predictionsoffutureperformancearebaseduponsomeknowledgeofrelevantpast

performance.Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterparfoimancedepends

upontheamountreliability,andappropriatenessoftheinfoimationusedandontheskill

andwisdomwithwhichisintcrprclcd.Anyonewhokeepscarefulscoreknowsthatthe

informationavailableisalwaysincompleteandthatthepredictionsarealwayssubjectto

error.Standardizedtestsshouldbeconsideredinthiscontext.Theyprovideaquick,

objectivemethodofgettingsomekindsofinformationaboutwhatapersonhaslearned,

theskillshehasdeveloped,orthekindofpersonheis.Theinformationsoobtainedhas,

qualitatively,thesameadvantagesandshort-comingsasotherkindsofinformation.

Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,

therefore,upontheempiricalevidenceconcerningcomparativevalidity,anduponsuch

factorsascostandavailability.Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthetraits

orqualitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefined(forexample,abilitytodowell

inaparticularcourseortrainingprogram)andleasteffectivelywhenwhatistobe

measuredorpredictedcannotbewelldefined(forexample,personalityorcreativity).

Properlyused,theyprovidearapidmeansofgettingcomparableinformationaboutmany

people.Sometimestheyidentifystudentswhosehighpotentialhasnotbeenpreviously

recognized.

6、Theessenceofthisarticleoneducationaltestsis.

A、Thesetestsdonottestadequatelywhattheysetouttotest

B、Don'tblamethetest,blametheuser

C、Whenastudentisnervousorill,thetestresultsareinaccurate

D、Educatorsaregraduallylosingconfidenceinthevalueoftests

标准答案：B

知识点解析：作者在文章的第一部分清楚地讲明了测试本身只起到一个工具的作

用，其价值的大小在很大程度上取决于运用者而不是测试本身。因此B为正确答

案。

7、ItwouldseemK)theauthorihaltestslikeCollegeEntranceScholasticAptitudeTest

are.

A、generallyunreliable

B>generallyreliable

C、meaningless

D^misleading

标准答案：B

知识点解析：作者在第四段的前部分谈到：当要测试的特性或品质(如在某一特定

的课程或培训中干得怎么样)可以给予准确的界定，那么，这种测试的可信度就

高。而CollegeEntranceScholasticAptitudeTest测试就属于这一种，所以它的测试

结果一般来说有较高的可信度。故选B。

8、Theselectionimpliesthat,moreoften,thevalueofaneducationaltestrestswith

A、theinterpretationofresults

thetestitself

C、thetestee

D、thedirections

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从第二段的第二句：“Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylater

performancedependsupontheamount….”可知，测试本身的价值在很大程度上是由

对测试结果的解释来决定的。因此A为正确答案。

9、"Theempiricalevidence"(Para.3)ismostprobably.

A、onebasedonscientificideasoutofbooks

B、onepresentedbyotherpeople

C^oneguidedbypracticalexperience

D、BothAandC

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从该词组所在的第三段的最后一句可推知，其词义为“通过实际经验

而获得的依据故选C。

10、WhichstatementisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassageabouteducationaltests?

A、Somestudents"shine"unexpectedly.

B、Predictionsdonotalwaysholdtrue.

C、Personalitytestsoftenfailtomeasurethetruepersonality.

D、Thesupervisorofthetestmustbeverywelltrained.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由第三段的最后一句可以得知B项正确：由第四段的第一句和最后

一句可知C项和A项正确。因此选D。

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefsandwaysoflifeofagiven

groupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage.

underdeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Toihnprofessionalanthropologist,

thereisnointrinsic（内在的）superiorityofonecultureoveranother;justas〔othe

professionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchy（等级制）amonglanguages.People

oncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsassavage,underdevelopedformsof

speechingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythe

studyof"backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.

Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremely

complex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.Theyfell

behindourwesternlanguagesnotin〔heirsoundpatternsorgiammaticalstrucnires,

whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds、butonlyintheirvocabularies,

whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,

however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryof

vocabularyexpansioneitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorby

borrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.The

objectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin"backward"languages,while

differentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.Awestern

languagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness"this"and"that";

somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,

ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthe

future.Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimofthe

anthropologiststhatallculturesaretobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrank

orhierarchy.

11、Thelanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsascomparedtowesternlanguagesarelimited

in.

A、soundpatterns

B>grammaticalstructures

C^vocabulary

D、bothBandC

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由第三段中间一句："Theyfallbehindourwesternlanguagesnot

in...butintheirvocabularies….”可知，未开化的部落的语言跟西方语言相比，

其真正落后的一面不是在发音方式或语法结构上，而是在词汇方面。因此C为正

确答案。

12、1'hcauthorsaysthatgrunt-and-groanformsofspeecharcfound.

A、nowheretoday

B、amongtheAustralianaborigines

C>amongeasterncultures

D、amongpeoplespeaking"backward"languages

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由第三段的第一句：”…studyofbackward5languagesthatnospoken

tongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday”可知，只会发哼哼声或呻吟声的语言如今已不

复存在。故选A。

13、Accordingtotheauthor,languages,whethercivilizedornot,have.

A、thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary

theirownsoundpatterns

C、anabilitytotransferideas

D、grammaticalstructures

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由第三段中：“AHlanguagesseemtoposscssthemachineryof

vocabularyexpansion”可知，任何语言都有扩大词汇的能力。因此A为正确答案。

14、Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat.

A^westernlanguagesarcsuperiortoeasternlanguages

B、alllanguagescomefromgruntsandgroans

C、thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand

D、thereisnohierarchyoflanguages

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从第二段的后半句：”...justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisno

intrinsichicrarchyamonglanguages”可知，专业语言学家认为语言之间无等级之分。

故选D。

15、Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

A、Thestudyoflanguageshasdiscreditedanthropologicalstudies.

B、Thestudyoflanguageshasreinforcedanthropologistsintheirviewthatthereisno

hierarchyamongcultures.

C、Thestudyoflanguagesisthesameasthestudyofanthropologists.

D^Thestudyoflanguagescastsanewlightupontheclaimofanthropologists.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：通读全文尤其是最后一段：“…allculturesaretobeviewed

independently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy”可知，文章主要是为「阐明语

言学家对语言没有等级之分的研究，其1=1的是为了进一步阐述人类学家的观点，即

不同文化之间无等级之分。因此正确答案为B。

UnlikethecarefullyweighedandplannedcompositionsofDante,Goethe*swritings

alwayshaveasenseofimmediacyandenlhusiasm.Hewasacunstantexpcriinenlcrwidi

life,withideasandwithformsofwriting.Forthesamereason,hisworksseldomhave

thequalitiesoffinishorformalbeautywhichdistinguishthemasterpiecesofDanteand

Virgil.Hecametolovethebeautiesofclassicism,butitwasneveranessentialpartofhis

make-up.Instead,theurgencyofthemoment,thespiritofthething,guidedhispen.Asa

result,nearlyallhisworkshaveseriousflawofstructure,ofinconsistencies,ofexcesses

andredundanciesandextremities.Inalargesense,Goetherepresentsthefullest

developmentoftheromanticism.Ithasbeenarguedthatheshouldnotbesodesignated

becausehesoclearlymaturedandoutgrewthekindofromanticismexhibitedby

Wordsworth,Shelley,andKeats.ShelleyandKeatsdiedyoung;Wordsworthlived

narrowlyandabandonedhisea