Unit1HappyHolidaySectionAGrammar知识点-人教版英语八年级上册

Unit1HappyHolidaySectionAGrammar知识点精讲精练重点词汇解析EveryonesaysthesceneryaroundtheWestLakeissobeautiful.大家都说西湖周边的景色太美了scenery词义及用法词义：表示“自然风景、景色”，强调某一地区整体的自然景观（如山水、植被、地形等），是不可数名词。Thesceneryinthemountainvillageisbreathtaking.（这个山村的景色令人惊叹。）搭配：常与描述自然景观的形容词搭配，如beautiful常与介词"around","of","in"搭配，说明地点，如sceneryaroundthelake（湖边的景色）、sceneryofthecountryside（乡村景色）。即学即练：The________alongtheriverisperfectforawalk.Shetookmanyphotosofthebeautiful________inthenationalpark.Theguidetoldusthatthe________herechangesgreatlywiththeseasons.Youcan'tmissthe________whendrivingthroughthemountains.Wehadawonderfulexperience.我们有一次很棒的经历experience"词义及用法作可数名词（经历）常见搭配：awonderfulexperience（美妙的经历）、anunforgettableexperience（难忘的经历）、aterribleexperience（糟糕的经历）、haveanexperience（有一次经历）、shareanexperience（分享经历）、gothroughanexperience（经历某事）作不可数名词（经验）例句：HehasrichexperienceinteachingEnglish.（他在英语教学方面有丰富的经验。）Experienceismoreimportantthantheoryinthisjob.（这份工作中，经验比理论更重要。）作动词（经历；体验）常见搭配：experiencehappiness（感受幸福）、experiencedifficulties（经历困难）、experienceachange（经历变化）experienced常用作形容词，意为“有经验的；熟练的”常见搭配：anexperienceddoctor（一位有经验的医生）、experiencedworkers（熟练工人）Sheisanexperiencedteacherinprimaryeducation.（她是一位在小学教育方面有经验的老师。）即学即练：Workingabroadgavehermanyvaluable________(经历).Doyouhaveany________(经验)indealingwithsuchproblems?We________(经历)aheavyrainonourwaytothemountainsyesterday.Itwasmyfirst________(经历)oflivingalone,andIlearnedalot.He________(体验)thejoyofsuccessafteryearsofhardwork.________(经验极丰富的)scientistswillbeinvitedtogivelectures.ItrainedheavilywhenIarrivedatthetown,soIcoulddonothingbutstayinthehotel.我到镇子时雨下得很大，所以我无事可做只能待在酒店里。nothingbut词义及用法基本含义：表示“除了……之外没有别的；只有；仅仅”，用于强调“唯一的可能性或内容”。结构特点：后接名词/代词；强调“只有某物/某人，没有其他”。例句：Theroomhadnothingbutabedandachair.（房间里只有一张床和一把椅子。）Iwantnothingbutyourtrust.（我只想要你的信任。）后接动词原形（主句含实义动词do）当句子中出现"do"（do/does/did/done）时，"nothingbut"后的动词用原形，省略to。例句：HedidnothingbutwatchTVallday.（他一整天什么也没做，只是看电视。）Theycoulddonothingbutwaitforhelp.（他们别无选择，只能等待救援。）后接带to的不定式（主句不含实义动词do）若句子中没有实义动词"do"，"nothingbut"后的动词需加to。例句：Shewantednothingbuttogohome.（她只想着回家。）Thechildseemstocareaboutnothingbuttoplaygames.（这孩子好像只关心玩游戏。）即学即练：（用"nothingbut"及括号内动词的适当形式填空）Theoldmaneats________(vegetable)everyday.She________(do)nothingbut________(cry)whensheheardthebadnews.Theyseemtohave________(money)intheirpockets.Ican________(afford)nothingbut________(buy)thischeapshirt.Thelittlegirlwanted________(nothingbut/go)tothezoowithherdad.Someonehadleftabookinmyroom,andthatwasexactlywhatIneeded.有人在我房间里落下了一本书，而那正是我所需要的。hadleft的用法​“hadleft”是过去完成时的结构（had+动词过去分词），表示在过去某个动作或时间之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。​本句中，“someonehadleftabook”发生在“thatwasexactlywhatIneeded”之前。“was”是过去时，而“留下书”的动作在“was”之前完成，因此用过去完成时“hadleft”。​例：WhenIarrived,thepartyhadalreadystarted.（我到的时候，派对已经开始了。）（“开始”在“到达”之前发生）​2.whatIneeded的用法​此句中whatIneeded是跟在系动词was后，充当表语成分的句子，是一个表语从句。例：Actually,thisisnotwhatI’minterestedin.实际上，这并不是我感兴趣的。ThisiswhatIwant.（这就是我想要的东西。）​ThisiswhatIboughtforyouyesterday.（这就是我昨天给你买的东西。）​Thequestioniswhatweshoulddonext.（问题是我们接下来该做什么。）​Themostimportantthingiswhatyoulearnfromthemistake.（最重要的是你从错误中学到的东西。）即学即练：（一）hadleft练习题（用所给动词的适当形式填空，注意使用过去完成时）​BythetimeIgothome,mymom______(cook)dinner.​Hesaidhe______(see)themovietwicebefore.​Therain______(stop)whenwewentoutside.​Shefoundthatsomeone______(take)herpen.​They______(finish)theirhomeworkby8o’clocklastnight.​（二）whatIneeded练习题（根据句意用“what+从句”补全句子）​Canyougiveme__________________?（我需要的东西）​Thisis__________________formybirthday.（我想要的礼物）​5.Thebedwasfortableandeverythingwasclean.这张床很舒适，而且所有东西都很干净。fortable词义及用法[词汇拓展]fort(n.)舒适；(v.)安慰；fortably(adv.)舒服地；unfortable(adj.)不舒服的、unfortably(adv.)不舒服地作形容词（fortable）描述“物体/环境让人舒适”；描述“人感到自在、放松”：Thissofaisveryfortabletositon.（这沙发坐起来很舒服。）Shefeelsfortablewithstrangersnow.（她现在和陌生人相处也很自在。）I’mnotfortablespeakinginpublic.（我在公众场合讲话不太自在。）作副词（fortably）修饰动词，强调“舒适地、自在地”。Sheleanedbackandsatfortablyinthearmchair.（她向后靠，舒服地坐在扶手椅上。）Thefamilycanlivefortablyonhissalary.（这个家庭靠他的工资能过得很宽裕。）作名词（fort）表示“舒适、安逸”（不可数）Hevaluesfortmorethanstylewhenbuyingclothes.（他买衣服时看重舒适胜过款式。）Ahotdrinkisoneofthesmallfortsofwinter.（热饮是冬天的小确幸之一。）作动词（fort）表示“安慰、使舒适”。Shefortedthecryingchildwithahug.（她用拥抱安慰哭泣的孩子。）即学即练：1.Doyoulikeseeingamovieonyourmobilephone?—No.Iseldomdothatbecauseitmakesme.2.Thegirlsatonthechairandsoonfellasleep.3.Thischairisvery________(舒适的).Ilikesittingonittoreadbooks.​4.Heslept________(舒适地)inhisnewbedlastnight.​5.Afteralongwalk,acupofhotteabringsmealotof________(舒适).​6.Areyou________(fortable)speakingEnglishinfrontofyourclassmates?Itwassummer.Everyonewasreadytofindsomewheretogo.那是夏天，所有人都准备好找个地方去ready的词义及用法词性形容词（adj.）：表示“准备好的；乐意的；现成的”例：Themealisready.（饭菜准备好了。）常用短语bereadyfor+名词/代词：为……做好准备例：Areyoureadyfortheexam?（你准备好考试了吗？）bereadytodosth：准备好做某事；乐意做某事例：Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.（他总是乐于助人。）getready(forsth/todosth)：（使）准备好例：Weneedtogetreadyforthetrip.（我们需要为旅行做准备。）makeready(forsth)：准备（正式用法）例：Theymadereadyfortheceremony.（他们为仪式做好了准备。）togo的词义及用法此处"togo"是不定式结构，在句中作定语，修饰前面的"somewhere"，表示“要去的（地方）”。不定式作定语时常放在被修饰词之后，说明该名词的用途或目的。Ineedapentowritewith.（我需要一支写字的笔。）Shehasalotofhomeworktofinish.（她有很多作业要完成。）Wearelookingforaplacetolivein.（我们在找一个住的地方。）Thereisnoreasontoworry.（没有担心的理由。）Shegavemeabooktoreadonthetrain.（她给了我一本书，让我在火车上读。）Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththeproject.（我们需要一个人来协助这个项目。）Hehasameetingtoattendthisafternoon.（他今天下午有个会要参加。）Ineedakeytoopenthedoor.（我需要一把开门的钥匙。）Shemadealistofthingstobuyatthestore.（她列了一张要在商店买的东西的清单。）即学即练：用"bereadytodosth"填空Thelittlegirl__________________(准备好)gotothezoowithherdad.______yourbrother____________(准备好)cleanhisroom?We__________________(准备好)haveapicnicwhenitrains.They______always____________(准备好)helptheirclassmates.Mydad__________________(准备好)teachmetorideabikelastSunday.用合适的不定式填空（to+动词原形）Shehasanewdress______(wear)totheparty.Weneedamap______(find)thewaytothemuseum.Tomislookingforaball______(play)withhisfriends.Therearemanynewwords______(learn)inthislesson.Doyouhaveacup______(drink)water?7."Lookatthesky,"saidanexcitedvoice.“看天上，”一个兴奋的声音说道。"anexcitedvoice"是“冠词+形容词+名词”的结构，其中：excited是形容词，修饰名词voice，表示“（声音）充满兴奋的”，强调声音的发出者处于“兴奋的状态”。这类结构常用于描述“具有某种情绪或特征的声音”，在句子中通常作主语、宾语或状语Aloudvoicecamefromtheclassroom.（一个响亮的声音从教室里传来。）Sheheardasoftvoicecallinghername.（她听到一个轻柔的声音在叫她的名字。）Anangryvoiceshouted,“Stopthat!”（一个愤怒的声音大喊：“住手！”）Weheardahappyvoicesinginginthenextroom.（我们听到隔壁房间有一个开心的声音在唱歌。）Atiredvoiceansweredthephone.（一个疲惫的声音接了电话。）即学即练：用“a/an+形容词+voice”填空（选括号里的词）（happy,angry,quiet,loud,tired）“Happybirthday!”__________________saidtome.“Don’truninthehall!”__________________shoutedtheteacher.Sheansweredin__________________,soIcouldn’thearher.Afterworkingallday,Dadspokein__________________.“Wewon!”__________________camefromtheplayground.（二）根据中文提示完成句子一个温柔的声音说：“别怕。”__________________said,“Don’tbeafraid.”他用响亮的声音读了这首诗。Hereadthepoemin__________________.妈妈用疲惫的声音说她累了。Momsaidshewastiredin__________________.一个开心的声音从房间里传出来。__________________camefromtheroom.她用很小的声音问了我一个问题。Sheaskedmeaquestionin__________________.8.IwassoboredthatIdecidedtofindsomewheretoread.so...that...”表示“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句，强调前面的情况（形容词或副词所描述的程度）导致了后面的结果。本句“IwassoboredthatIdecidedtofindsomewheretoread.”中，“so”后接形容词“bored”，“that”引导的从句“Idecidedtofindsomewheretoread”是“我感到非常无聊”导致的结果。​结构：so+形容词/副词+that从句​例：ThemoviewassointerestingthatIwatchedittwice.（这部电影太有趣了，以至于我看了两遍。）​注意：“so”后接形容词还是副词，取决于前面的谓语动词。如果是系动词（如be,feel,look等），接形容词；如果是实义动词，接副词。​TheicecreamissocoldthatIcan’teatitquickly.（这个冰淇淋太凉了，我没法吃得太快。）Hestudiessohardthathealwaysgetsgoodgrades.（他学习太努力了，以至于总能取得好成绩。）​Theparkissobeautifulthatmanypeoplegothereonweekends.（这个公园太美了，很多人周末都去那里。）​Shesingssowellthateveryoneclapsforher.她唱得太好了，所有人都为她鼓掌。Itrainedsoheavilythatwehadtostayathome.（雨下得太大了，我们不得不待在家里。）即学即练：一）用“so...that...”填空（根据句意填入合适的形容词/副词和连词）​Theboxis______heavy______Ican’tcarryit.​Sheran______fast______noonecouldcatchher.​Thestoryis______funny______allthechildrenlaughed.​Hewas______tired______hefellasleepimmediately.​Theroomis______dark______Ican’tseeanything.​（二）根据中文提示完成句子（用“so...that...”结构）​这本书太简单了，我一天就看完了。​Thebookwas__________________Ifinishedreadingitinaday.​他跑得太慢了，最后一名到达终点。​Heran__________________hearrivedattheendlast.​天气太热了，我们不想出去。​Theweatherwas__________________wedidn’twanttogoout.​这个小女孩太可爱了，每个人都喜欢她。​Thelittlegirlis__________________everyonelikesher.​他说话太大声了，隔壁房间都能听到。​Hespoke__________________peopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.​9.Istoodupandwalkedtowardsthewindow.towards表示“向；朝（某个方向或对象）”​强调动作朝着具体的人、地点或物体的方向移动，不涉及是否到达，仅体现方向指向。​Thedogbarkedandrantowardsthestranger.（那只狗叫着朝陌生人跑去。）​Sheheldoutherhandstowardsthewarmfire.（她伸出双手朝温暖的炉火伸去。）Wealllookedtowardstheteacherwhensheenteredtheroom.（老师走进教室时，我们都朝她看去。）​Theriverflowstowardsthesea.（这条河朝着大海流去。）​Hethrewtheballtowardshislittlesister.（他把球朝他的小妹妹扔过去。）​towards表示“接近（时间、目标等）”​用于指时间临近某个点，或在抽象意义上“接近”某个目标、阶段等，不局限于物理方向。​Towardsevening,therainstopped.（临近傍晚时，雨停了。）​​Thedaysgetshortertowardswinter.（临近冬天时，白天变得更短了。）​​Towardstheendoftheclass,theteachertoldajoke.（快下课的时候，老师讲了一个笑话。即学即练：1.Thelittleboyran______hisfatherwhenhesawhim.​2.Wewalked______theparkafterschool.​3.Shepointed______thepictureonthewallandsmiled.​4.Theca