英语专题汇编阅读理解(教育文化)(一)及解析

英语专题汇编阅读理解(教育文化)(一)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解

Whydoesnightfallbutneverbreakanddaybreakbutneverfall？Whyarepeoplewhoridemotorcyclescalledbikersandpeoplewhoridebikescalledcyclists？Inwhatotherlanguagedopeopledriveinaparkwayandparkinadriveway？Inwhatotherlanguagedotheycallthethirdhandontheclockthesecondhand？

Let'sfaceit:Englishisacrazylanguage.Thereisnoegginaneggplant,neitherpinenorappleinapineappleandnohaminahamburger.Sweet-meatsarecandy，whilesweetbreads,whicharen'tsweet,aremeat.

WetakeEnglishforgranted.Butwhenweexploreitsparadoxes(悖论),wefindthatquicksandcanworkslowly,boxingringsaresquare,publicbathroomshavenobathsinthem.

Andwhyisitthatawriterwrites,butfingersdon'tfing,grocersdon'tgroce,andhammersdon'tham？Ifthepluraloftoothisteeth,shouldn'tthepluralofboothbebeeth?Onegoose,twogeese-soonemoose,twomeese?

Howcanaslimchanceandafatchancebethesame,whileawisemanandawiseguyareopposites?Howcanoverlookandoverseebeopposites,whilequitealotandquiteafewarealike?Howcantheweatherbehotashellonedayandcoldashellthenext？

Englishwasinventedbypeople,notcomputers,anditshowsthecreativityofhumanbeings.That'swhy,whenstarsareout,theyarevisible;butwhenthelightsareout,theyareinvisible.Andwhy,whenIwindupmywatch,Istartit;butwhenIwindupthisessay,Iendit.（1）Whichofthefollowingwordsorexpressionshavethesimilarmeaning?A.Overlookandoversee.B.Quitealotandquiteafew.C.Hotashellandcoldashell.D.Awisemanandawiseguy.（2）WhatdoestheauthorprobablythinkofEnglishpeople?A.Clever.B.Crazy.C.Lazy.D.Determined.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Boxingringsshouldberound.B.Thereshouldbeeggsinaneggplant.C.Pineapplesaretheapplesonthepinetree.D.Sweet-meatsandsweetbreadsaredifferentthings.（4）Howdoestheauthororganizethetext?A.Intheorderoftime.B.Intheorderofplace.C.Bygivingagreatnumberofexamples.D.BycomparingEnglishwiththeotherlanguages.（5）What'sthetone(语气)ofthetext?A.Angryandproud.B.Cheerfulandunsure.C.Upsetanddisappointed.D.Humorousandlight-hearted.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C（5）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了为什么英语是一门疯狂的语言。（1）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Howcanoverlookandoverseebeopposites,whilequitealotandquiteafewarealike?”overlook和oversee怎么会是反义词，而quitealot和quiteafew却是很相似的呢？可知，quitealot和quiteafew有相似的意思。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Englishwasinventedbypeople,notcomputers,anditreflectsthecreativityofhumanbeings.”英语是由人而不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力，以及列举了英语中的许多悖论可推知，作者想表明英国人是很聪明的。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Sweet-meatsarecandy,whilesweetbreads,whicharen'tsweet,aremeat.”蜜饯是糖果，杂碎是肉，但不甜，可知，蜜饯和杂碎是不同的东西。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Whydoesnightfallbutneverbreakanddaybreakbutneverfall？Whyarepeoplewhoridemotorcyclescalledbikersandpeoplewhoridebikescalledcyclists？”为什么黑夜降临，却没有黎明；为什么白天破晓，却没有黄昏？为什么骑摩托车的人叫"骑手"，骑自行车的人叫"骑自行车的人"?以及下文可知，作者主要是通过大量的例子来论证英语是一门多么疯狂的语言的。故选C。（5）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Englishisacrazylanguage.Thereisnoegginaneggplant,neitherpinenorappleinapineappleandnohaminahamburger.”英语是一门疯狂的语言。茄子里没有鸡蛋，菠萝里也没有松树和苹果，汉堡包里也没有火腿，及下文所举的多个词可知，这些词的意思并不是词的表面意思。由此可以判断出，作者以既幽默又轻松的语气在论述英语是一门疯狂的语言。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

Physicaleducation,orPE,isn'trequiredforallhighschoolstudents.Insomeschools,itisn'tofferedforsomedifferentreasons.Butshouldhighschoolstudentshavephysicaleducation?Theansweriscertainly"yes".

Todaymanypeopledon'tdosports.Butasisknowntoall,doingsportsisveryimportantforanadult.Teachingteenstheimportanceofahealthylifestyleandmakingfitnessplansnowcanhelpteensputexerciseinthefirstplaceasanadult.

Highschoolisn'tthateasy.Manystudentsareunderalotofstress.Stresscanbeharmfultoastudent'sstudiesandlife.Doingsportscanhelpthemdealwithstressbetter,helpingthemliveahappierlifeatschool.

TheAmericanHeartAssociationsaysthat10millionkidsandteenssufferfromobesity(肥胖症).Teensshouldget60minutesofphysicalactivityperdaytocontroltheirweightandtohelptheirbonesgetstronger.Theincreaseinactivitiesthatdon'tgetteenstomovearound,suchasvideogamesandcomputeractivities,meansmanyteensdon'tgettheirrequiredexercise.PEclassesactasapublichealthmeasuretoencouragephysicalactivitiesandhelpteenshavehealthyweights.

Notdoingsportsincreasesteens'riskofdevelopingmanydiseases.Anactivelifestyleoffersagoodwayofprotectionfromthesehealthproblems.Asmuchas75percentofhealth-carespendinggoestowardtreatingmedicalconditionsthatcanbehinderedbylifestylechanges,accordingtotheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicine.

AccordingtothePresident'sCouncilonFitness,SportsandNutrition(PCFSN),studentswhoperformedfivehoursofphysicalactivityeachweekimprovedtheiracademic(学业的)performance.Studentsfromprogramswithnophysicalactivity,whousedtheextratimeforclassroomstudy,didnotperformbetteronteststhanthosewhogaveupsomestudytimeinsupportofphysicaleducation.（1）AccordingtoParagraph2,whatdoesphysicaleducationinhighschoolmean?A.Makingteensattachimportancetoexerciselater.B.Removingthestressfacedbyteensatschool.C.Gettingteenstoencourageadultstoexercise.D.Helpingteenslearntomakegoodplans.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hindered"inParagraph5mean?A.measured.B.prevented.C.shown.D.caused.（3）AccordingtothePCFSN,doingsports

.A.meansmakingstudentschoosebetweensportsandstudiesB.helpsstudentsmakegooduseofalltheirtimeC.meansstudentsadjusttotheirstudiesbetterD.helpsstudentsdobetterintheirstudies（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyhighschoolstudentsshouldreceivephysicaleducation.B.Whysomeschoolsconsiderphysicaleducationimportant.C.Howschoolscanhelpstudentslovedoingsports.D.Howhighschoolstudentscanliveabetterlife.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。论述了为什么高中生应该接受体育教育。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Teachingteenstheimportanceofahealthylifestyleandmakingfitnessplansnowcanhelpteensputexerciseinthefirstplaceasanadult.”现在教导青少年健康生活方式的重要性，制定健身计划，可以帮助青少年成年后，把锻炼放在首位。可知，根据第二段，高中体育教育意味着让青少年重视以后的锻炼。故选A。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“Notdoingsportsincreasesteens'riskofdevelopingmanydiseases.Anactivelifestyleoffersagoodwayofprotectionfromthesehealthproblems.”不运动会增加青少年患多种疾病的风险。积极的生活方式是预防这些健康问题的好方法。可知“Asmuchas75percentofhealth-carespendinggoestowardtreatingmedicalconditionsthatcanbehinderedbylifestylechanges”的意思是多达75%的医疗支出用于治疗可能因生活方式改变而受阻的疾病。“hindered”的意思是受阻，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Studentsfromprogramswithnophysicalactivity,whousedtheextratimeforclassroomstudy,didnotperformbetteronteststhanthosewhogaveupsomestudytimeinsupportofphysicaleducation.”不参加体育活动的学生，把额外的时间用于课堂学习，在考试中的表现并不比那些为了支持体育而放弃一些学习时间的学生好。由此推断出，根据PCFSN，做运动帮助学生在学习上做得更好。故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的“Butshouldhighschoolstudentshavephysicaleducation?Theansweriscertainly‘yes’.”但是中学生应该接受体育教育吗?答案当然是肯定的，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了为什么高中生应该接受体育教育。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

Forallthetechnologicalwondersofmodemmedicine,healthcare-withitsfaxmachinesandclipboards(写字板)—isoutofdate.Thisoutdatederaisslowlydrawingtoacloseastheindustrycatchesupwiththeartificial-intelligence(AI)revolution.

EricTopol,anexpertinheartdiseaseandenthusiastfordigitalmedicine,thinksAIwillbeparticularlyusefulforsuchtasksasexaminingimages,observinghearttracesforabnormalitiesorturningdoctors'wordsintopatientrecords.Itwillbeabletousemassesofdatatoworkoutthebesttreatments,andimproveworkflowsinhospitals.Inshort,AIissettosavetime,livesandmoney.

ThefearsomepeoplehaveisthatAIwillbeusedtodeepentheassembly-linecultureofmodemmedicine.Ifitgivesa"giftoftime"todoctors,theyarguethatthisbonusshouldbeusedtoextendconsultations,ratherthansimplyspeedingthroughthemmoreefficiently.

Thatisafineidea,butashealthswallowsanever-biggershareofnationalwealth,greaterefficiencyisexactlywhatisneeded,atleastsofarasgovernmentsandinsurersareconcerned.Otherwise,richsocietiesmayfailtocopewiththeneedsofageingandgrowingpopulations.Anextrafiveminutesspentchattingwithapatientiscostlyaswellasvaluable.TheAIrevolutionwillalsoenablemanagerialaccountantstoadjustandevaluateeveryaspectoftreatment.Theautonomyofthedoctorwillsurelybeweakened,especially,perhaps,inpublic-healthsystemswhichareduty-boundtocutunnecessarycosts.

TheHippocraticOath(誓言)holdsthatthereisanarttomedicineaswellasascience,andthat“warmth,sympathyandunderstandingmayoutweighthesurgeon'sknifeorthechemist'sdrug”.There'slotsofsenseinit:thepatientsofsympatheticphysicianshavebeenshowntorecoverbetter.Yetasthesupplyofhumancarersfailstosatisfythedemandforhealthcare,thefuturemayinvolveconsultationsonsmartphonesandmeasurementsmonitoredbychatbots.Theconsideratelywarmedstethoscope(听诊器),placedgentlyonapatient'sback,maybecomearelicofthepast.（1）What'sDrTopol'sattitudetowardAI'scomingintomedicine?A.Concerned.B.Doubtful.C.Optimistic.D.Cautious.（2）Whatdoestheauthorofthetextattachmoreimportanceto?A.Medicalcosts.B.Nationalwealth.C.Longerconsultation.D.Greaterefficiency.（3）WhyistheHippocraticOathmentioned?A.ToprovethebrightfutureofAI.B.Toshowtheadvantageofahumandoctor.C.Toexplainmedicalequipmentismoreimportant.D.Toargueahumandoctorperformsaswellasarobot.（4）Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.HealthcareandAIB.AIanditsapplicationsC.DoctorsandPatientsD.DrTopolanddigitalmedicine【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，尽管现代医学创造了许多技术奇迹，但医疗保健——包括传真机和剪贴板——已经过时了。随着人工智能革命的到来，这个过时的时代正在慢慢接近尾声。作者认为人工智能旨在节省时间、生命和金钱，对提高效率是很有帮助的。但同时也指出人类医生可以和机器人表现得一样好。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“EricTopol,anexpertinheartdiseaseandenthusiastfordigitalmedicine,thinksAIwillbeparticularlyuseful”可知Topol医生认为认为人工智能将特别有用，即他对人工智能进入医学界是持乐观态度的，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Thatisafineidea,butashealthswallowsanever-biggershareofnationalwealth,greaterefficiencyisexactlywhatisneeded,atleastsofarasgovernmentsandinsurersareconcerned.”可知作者认为但随着健康吞噬了越来越多的国家财富，提高效率正是我们所需要的。即作者更注重提高效率。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“There'slotsofsenseinit:thepatientsofsympatheticphysicianshavebeenshowntorecoverbetter.”有同情心的医生的病人康复得更好。可推理作者提到HippocraticOath的目的在于指出人类医生的优势。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讨论人工智能即将进入现代医学界，就此展开讨论。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

Thestorieswesharewithoneanotherareimportant.Theyshowwisdomandprovideinspiration.Theyareimportanttoourdevelopment.Butsometimespeoplechoosenottotell.

Considerthenegativeeffectsofnotsharingastoryinthenews:PeoplearewonderingifpublichealthofficialsareholdingbacktoomuchinformationabouttherecentoutbreakofEbola.

Thereisadangerinholdingbackstoriesthatoughttobetold.BobetteBustersaiditlikethis,"Thefactis,historyhasshownusthatstoriesnottoldcanbecomelikeadangerousgenie(妖怪)leftinabottle.Whentheyarefinallyuncorked,theirpowertodestroyissetfree."

Thereareanumberofreasonswhywehidepartsofourstory:theyoftenshowourweaknessesorexposeourdisadvantages;theyrequirecourageandstrengthtoshare;andofcourse,therearesomestoriesthatshouldbekeptsecret—especiallythosethatembarrasssomeoneelse.

Mostofushavetwoselves:theonewedisplayontheoutsideandtheoneweactuallyareontheinside.Andthebetterwegetathidingthestoriesthatshowourtrueselves,themoredamagewemaybecausingtoourselvesandtoothers.

Honestyandopennessisimportant:Itproveswearetrustworthy.Itdisplayswearehuman.Wearenotperfectorbetter.Ithighlightstheimportanceofhardworkandpersonaldevelopment.Hardworkmaynotallowustoovercomeourdisadvantagescompletely.Butwithhardwork,wedonothavetoberestrictedtoourmistakes.

Doesthismeanweadmiteveryweakness,everydisadvantage,andeverysecretregrettoeverybodywemeet?No,ofcoursenot.Thereisatimeandaplaceandacertainlevelofrelationshipnecessaryforsomestoriestobetoldinanappropriatemanner.（1）What'sthefunctionoftheexampleinParagraph2?A.ItreflectsthatpeopleareconcerningaboutthespreadofEbola.B.Itshowsthebadeffectcausedbysharingastory.C.Itprovesnotsharingastorycancausetrouble.D.Itconcludesthatoneshouldshareastoryatapropertime.（2）Oneofthereasonswhypeopleareunwillingtoshareexperiencesisthat_______.A.story-sharinghighlightstheimportanceofhardworkB.peopleareusedtoexposingtheirweaknessesC.peoplesometimeshavenocouragetosharetheirstoriesD.somestoriesmakethemselvesfeeluneasy（3）Whichiscloseinmeaningtotheunderlinedword"uncorked"inParagraph3?A.freedB.brokenC.unfoldedD.untouched（4）Thewriteraimstoconvinceusto_______.A.beopentopeopleclosetoyoubysharingsomesecretsB.sharestoriesappropriatelyforthegoodofothersandourselvesC.removethedangersthatcanbecausedbyuntoldstoriesD.realizetheimportanceofbeinghonestwhenmakingfriends【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者强调了分享自己故事的重要性，并且加以证明。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Considerthenegativeeffectsofnotsharingastoryinthenews”可知不分享故事会有消极的影响，并且举了例子来证明，故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“theyrequirecourageandstrengthtoshare”可知他们需要勇气和力量分享，所以可推理出有人缺少勇气，故选C。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Whentheyarefinallyuncorked,theirpowertodestroyissetfree.”当他们最终自由了，他们的破坏力就是自由，故选A。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，文章一直在写我们要分享自己的故事，才不会有太大的压力，所以作者旨在使我们相信适当的分享我们的故事，对我们自己和别人都好，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

Painkillers(止痛药)areturningouttobearealpain:accordingtoanewstudyintheBritishMedicalJournal.Takingthemforjustaweekcanincreaseyourriskofheartattackby50%.Theresearchsuggestedthattheriskrelatedtotheuseofcertaindrugswasgreatestwithhigherdoses(服用量)andduringthefirstmonthofuse.Thepotentialriskmayincreaseby75%formedicineslikeibuprofen(布洛芬)andnaproxen,andmorethan100%forrofecoxib.

Itallsoundsbadbut,yourriskisverylow,—say,oneinamillion—a100%increasemeansyoustillonlyhaveatwoinamillionchance.Ofcourse,allpainkillingmedicationthatworkscanhavesideeffects—nothingissafeandeffective.Paracetamol(扑热息痛)hasveryfewunlesstakentoomuch,inwhichcaseitcancauseseriousliverdanger,butitisn'tveryeffective.Drugslikeopiatesarestrongpainkillersbuteasytobeaddictedandoftenhaveotherbadeffects.Maybeyoufindthatyouareinadilemmanow.Butdon'tdespair;youcanrefertoapainclinicforsomeprofessionalguidance.Forongoingpain,musicandexercisemaybethebestchoicestohelpyoureducethefeelingofit.

ScientistatHarvardhaverecentlydoneaquitehorriblestudyonmice.Theymadethemiceexperienceextremesofhotandcold,appliedpressuretotheirbacklegsandinjectedthecapsaicin(辣椒素)intotheirfeet.Andthentheytimedhowlongittookthemtorespondtothepain.Lackofsleepincreasedthediscomfort,whilestimulants(兴奋剂)suchascaffeinemadethemlessresponsivetopain.Thishasbeenwidelyreportedthatagoodnight'ssleepandacupofcoffeeinthemorningmayhelpreducepain.

Butanyway

don'tthrowthepillsawaybecausethestudyalsoshowstakingsmalldosesofdrugs,suchasforshortperiodsoftimecanbeeffectiveandsafeaslongasyourheartisingoodcondition.（1）Whichofthefollowingpainkillershasfewestside-effects?A.Ibuprofen.B.Naproxen.C.Rofecoxib.D.Paracetamol.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“despair”inParagraph2referto?A.Takeitseriously.B.Takeanyrisks.C.Losehope.D.Feeldoubtful.（3）Theexampleofmiceisusedtoshowthat____A.micecanstandextremepressureB.goodsleepandcoffeemaydecreasepainC.legsandfeetaremoresensitivetopainD.capsaicinandstimulantscanhelpreducepain（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howtostoptakingpainkillers.B.Anewwayofreducingpain.C.Theriskoftakingpainkillers.D.Howtoavoidpainkillers'sideeffects.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，根据《英国医学杂志》的一项新研究，止痛药正变成一种真正的疼痛。只服用一周就会使心脏病发作的风险增加50%。文章主要说明了止痛药存在的风险，以及说明了其他一些可以有助于减轻疼痛的方法。研究还表明，只要你的心脏状况良好，服用小剂量的药物仍然是有效和安全的。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Theresearchsuggestedthattheriskrelatedtotheuseofcertaindrugswasgreatestwithhigherdoses(服用量)andduringthefirstmonthofuse.Thepotentialriskmayincreaseby75%formedicineslikeibuprofen(布洛芬)andnaproxen,andmorethan100%forrofecoxib.”研究表明，在使用某些药物的第一个月，服用高剂量药物的风险最大。布洛芬和萘普生等药物的潜在风险可能增加75%，罗非昔布增加100%以上；及第二段中的“Paracetamolhasveryfewunlesstakentoomuch,inwhichcaseitcancauseseriousliverdanger,butitisn'tveryeffective.”扑热息痛的含量很少，除非服用过量，在这种情况下，它会导致严重的肝危险，但不是很有效，可知，在Ibuprofen，Naproxen，Rofecoxib和Paracetamol四种药物之中，Paracetamol的副作用最小。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Maybeyoufindthatyouareinadilemmanow.”也许你会发现你现在处于一个两难的境地；以及“youcanrefertoapainclinicforsomeprofessionalguidance”你可以向疼痛诊所寻求一些专业指导)可知，虽然也许你会发现你现在处于一个两难的境地，但是不必绝望，你还可以向疼痛诊所寻求一些专业指导。故划线单词意思是“绝望的”。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“…agoodnight'ssleepandacupofcoffeeinthemorningmayhelpreducepain.”晚上睡个好觉，早上喝杯咖啡有助于减轻疼痛，可知，老鼠的例子表明良好的睡眠和咖啡可以减轻疼痛。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Painkillersareturningouttobearealpain:accordingtoanewstudyintheBritishMedicalJournal.Takingthemforjustaweekcanincreaseyourriskofheartattackby50%.”根据《英国医学杂志》的一项新研究，止痛药正变成一种真正的疼痛。只服用一周就会使心脏病发作的风险增加50%)结合文章主要内容为说明止痛药存在的风险，以及应对方法，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

ArecentdocumentaryproducedbytheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)hascausedastirinChinaandintheUK.

Thedocumentary,titledAreOurKidsToughEnough?focusesonfiveChineseteacherswhoaresenttoteach50UKteensataschoolinHampshire.

Theteachersinstructthestudentsforamonth.Thepupilsarethentested,andtheresultsarecomparedtotheonesofthosewhohavecontinuedintheregularUKeducationsystem.TheideaistoseeiftheChinesemethodimprovesacademicperformance.

TheChineseteachersusetheirownteachingmethodsbutreceivestrongresistancefromthestudents.Aclipfromthedocumentaryonlineshowssomeproblems,withChineseteacherscallingtheirstudentslazyandlackingindiscipline,whilethestudentssaythehighpressureandharshteachersaredrivingthemcrazy.

ThishasarousedanewdebateinbothChinaandtheUK,withsomearguingtheteenagersneedmoreregulationanddiscipline.OtherssayChinesemethodsencouragerotelearning(死记硬背)insteadofindependentthinking.Forinstance,Chineselanguageteachersshoulddomorethanpassonknowledgeaboutwordsandcharacters.Theyshouldinspirestudents,helpingthemfeelthesentimentfromChineseliterature.Thisisahigherlevelofteaching.

YangDongping,deanofthe21stCenturyEducationResearchInstitute,says,"TheChineseteachingmethodsaredesignedtostrictlytrainthemajority.Foreignteachingmethods,however,aremorenaturalandrelaxing,anddesignedtoinspirestudents'interestinlearning.Educationmethodsarebasedonculture.Thatiswhyasuccessfuleducationmethodinoneplacemaynotworkthatwellwhensimply'transplanted'intoanotherplace."

YangDongpingsays,"ThedocumentarydoesreflectsomeproblemsrootedintraditionalChineseteachingmethods.Nobelprizewinner,YangZhenning,gaveaveryfaircommentonthisissue.HesaidtheChinese-styleeducationmethodworksformostordinaryqualifiedstudentseffectively,helpingthemreachhighstandards.However,itmayweakenthetrainingforhigh-potentialoutstandingstudents."（1）WhyarefiveChineseteacherssenttoteach50UKteens?A.TotesttheintelligenceoftheUKteens.B.Tohelptheschoolimprovetheirteachingefficiency.C.TodosomepracticalresearchintotheUKeducationsystem.D.TotesttheeffectivenessofChineseteachingmethods.（2）What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"harsh"inthefourthparagraph?A.ExtremelystrictB.QuitefriendlyC.RathercoldD.Veryattractive（3）AccordingtoYangDongpingChineseteachingmethods______.A.fitallcountriesB.couldbeimprovedC.arethebestintheworldD.arenotasgoodasBritishmethods【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一部关于教学方法的纪录片在中英两国引起了不小的关注——五名中国老师被派去教英国学生，结果学生很不适应，这说明教学方法是以文化为基础的，在一个国家取得成功的教学方法在另一个国家不一定奏效。（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“TheideaistoseeiftheChinesemethodimprovesacademicperformance.”这个想法是为了看看中国的方法是否能提高学习成绩，可知，五名中国老师被派去教英国学生是为了检验中国教学方法的成效。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“

withChineseteacherscallingtheirstudentslazyandlackingindiscipline,whilethestudentssaythehighpressureandharshteachersaredrivingthemcrazy.”中国老师称他们的学生懒惰和缺乏纪律，而学生则说压力太大和严厉的老师让他们发狂。由此可知，划线词意为“严厉的”。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“TheChineseteachingmethodsaredesignedtostrictlytrainthemajority.Foreignteachingmethods,however,aremorenaturalandrelaxing,anddesignedtoinspirestudents'interestinlearning.Educationmethodsarebasedonculture.”可知，杨东平认为，中国的教学方法侧重于严格要求，而英国的教学方法更为自然和轻松，旨在激发学生的学习兴趣，教学方法是以文化为基础的。由此可知，杨东平认为中国的教学方法有待改进。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

TraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)isgainingglobalpopularity.Accordingtoagovernmentwhitepaper,TCMhasbeenintroducedin183countriesandregionsaroundtheworld.

Westerners'understandingofTCM,however,maybelimitedtoacupundure，cuppingandmassage(针灸，拔罐和按摩).Forinstance,thepurple,injury-likemarksleftonUS.swimmerMichaelPhelps'backfromcuppingforthepurposeofrelaxinghismusclesandreducingpainbecamethecenterofattentionduringtheRioOlympicsin2016.

Asamatteroffact,ChineseherbsplayamoreimportantroleingettingridofdiseasesandkeepingthebodyingoodconditionintheTCMtreatmentsystemthanphysicaltreatment.Itisthereforedishearteningtoknowthat-while103WorldHealthOrganizationmembercountrieshavegivenapprovaltothepracticeofacupuncture，notmanyrecognizeChineseherbalmedicineTCMfallsfarbehindWesternmedicineowingpartlytotheslowdevelopmentofChineseherbs.

Herbs,aremadeintopills,powderandsoup,andthekindofherbsuscd1theirqualityandquantity,andtheprocessingoftheingredientsjointlydeterminetheeffectivenessoftheprescription.ComparedwithWesternmedicine,whichhasstandardizeddrugproductionprocessesandtreatmentmethods,TCMlacksstandardization,withthechemicalcompositionandfunctionsofitsmedicinesbeingunclearandtheireffectsbeingunstable.Fortunately,standardizationhasimprovedinrecentdecades,withanincreasingnumberoffactoriesproducingpatentedTCMdrugs.

AnotherfactorthathaspreventedthedevelopmentofTCMprescriptiondrugsisthelackofcreativity,WhileWesternmedicine-makingcompaniescomeupwithnewproductseveryyear,TCMdrugproducerstendtomakemedicinesaccordingtoprescriptionshandeddownfromthepast.ChinesechemistTuYouyour'swinningthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineforherresearchintomalaria(疟疾）treatmentmaydrivecreativitytosomeextentinChina'sTCMindustry.However,thecurrentstateofaffairscannotbechangedwithinashorttime.（1）TheauthormentionstheexampleofMichaelPhelpsinordertoshow

.A.hewasinjuredinhisswimming.B.cuppingisakindofimportantTCMtreatment.C.westernersknowalittleaboutTCM.D.westernersattachgreatimportancetoTCM.（2）Whydon'tsomemembercountriesofWIIOrecognizeChineseherbalmedicine?A.BecauseChineseherbscangetridofdiseasesB.BecausetheyonlyapprovethepracticeofacupunctureC.Becausewesternmedicine15moreeffectiveD.BecausemedicinemadeoutorChineseherbsdevelopsslowly（3）ComparedwithWesternmedicine,whatisthemainweakpointofTCM?A.Themethodsofprocessingherbs.B.Theeffectivenessofprescription.C.Lackinginstandardization.D.Itsunstablefunctions.（4）ThelackofcreativityinTCMreferstothefactthat

.A.medicine-makingcompanieslackcreativity.B.prescriptionsaregotfromthepast.C.Westerncompaniesaremoreexperienced.D.medicine-makingcompanieslackdrivingforce【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了传统中医的特点。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Westerners'understandingofTCM,however,maybelimitedto

acupundure，cuppingandmassage.”可知，举菲尔普斯的例子就是为了证明西方人对传统中医有一些了解，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“notmanyrecognizeChineseherbalmedicineTCMfallsfarbehindWesternmedicineowingpartlytotheslowdevelopmentofChineseherbs.”可知，有一些WHO的成员国不承认中国的草药是因为用中草药制成的药物治疗效果缓慢，故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ComparedwithWesternmedicine,whichhasstandardizeddrugproductionprocessesandtreatmentmethods,TCMlacksstandardization”可知，与西医相比，中医的缺点是缺乏标准化，故选C。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“WhileWesternmedicine-makingcompaniescomeupwithnewproductseveryyear,TCMdrugproducerstendtomakemedicinesaccordingtoprescriptionshandeddownfromthepast.”可知，中医缺乏创造性指的是中医的处方是从过去传承下来的，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

Parentswhohavebooksinthehomeincreasethelevelofeducationtheirchildrenwillattain(获得),whetherrichorpoor,accordingtoa20-yearstudyledbyMariahEvans.

Foryears,educatorshavethoughtthestrongestpredictor(预示物)ofattaininghighlevelsofeducationwashavingparentswhowerehighlyeducated.But,thestudyshowedthatthedifferencebetweenbeingraisedinabooklesshomecomparedtobeingraisedinahomewitha500-booklibraryhasasgreataneffectonthelevelofeducationachildwillattainasthedifferencebetweenhavingp