UNIT 5　Period 5　课时练案 课文整体教学(Using Language)

Period5课文整体教学(UsingLanguage)Ⅰ．文章大意What'sthemainideaofthetext?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅱ．篇章结构1．Whydidmanyfarmerswelcomechemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilisersinvolvedinfarming?A．Theycanfightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction．B．Theyharmboththelandandpeople'shealth．C．Theycanhelpproducerichsoil．D．Theyarenotexpensive．2．Whatconcernsmanypeopleabouttheuseofpesticides?A．Pesticidescandamagetheland．B．Chemicalscanstayinthesoilforalongtime．C．Pesticidescankillharmfulbacteriaandinsects．D．Chemicalsmaymakepeopleillandevencausecancer．3．Whydoorganicfarmerschangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear?A．Itcanhelpputimportantmineralsbackintotheground．B．Itcanavoiddamagetotheenvironment．C．Itcanhelpincreaseoutput．D．Thewriterdoesn'ttellus．4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?A．Tocallonfarmerstoturntoorganicfarming．B．Tointroducesomegoodwaystomakethesoilrich．C．Tourgethegovernmenttostopusingpesticides．D．Togivesomeadviceonhowtoincreasetheoutputofcrops．1．Istheauthorofthetextfororagainstorganicfarming？Howdoyouknow?2．Whatotherdisadvantagesofchemicalfarmingdidtheauthornotlist?3．Canyouthinkofotherdisadvantagesoforganicfarming?Ⅰ．一词多义/熟词生义1．digestvt．&vi．消化vt．领会；领悟n．摘要；文摘①(教材原句)...theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem． _________②Ihavedigestedmostoftheimportantpointsinthebook． _________③IconsideredmyselfamemberofReader'sDigestattheageofsix．_________2．rootn．根；根茎；根部；根源①(教材原句)Forexample，peanutsgrowontheground'ssurface，butmanyothervegetablesputdowndeeproots． _________②Somerootsdoanotherjobbesidesfeedingtheirplants． _________③Money，ortheloveofmoney，issaidtobetherootofallevil． _________3．TheAmazonianslovejamboleaves，whichtheyusetoflavourstewsandsoups． _________Ⅱ．词块积累1．__________________ 广泛使用2．__________________ 对人类和环境造成损害3．__________________ 至于化肥4．__________________ 富含营养5．__________________ 必需的矿物质6．__________________ 作为一种选择7．__________________ 转向有机农业8．__________________ 注重保持土壤的肥沃9．__________________ 免受病害10．__________________ 扎根很深11．__________________ 避免对环境造成破坏Ⅲ．写作佳句1．Overtime，however，____________________isthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople'shealth．然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。2．Therefore，thereisstillalongway__________________thatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertable_________________peopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible．因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时保持人们和环境尽可能地健康仍然有很长的路要走。3．Forexample，pesticidescandamagethelandbykilling_______________________harmfulbacteriaandinsects，___________________________helpfulones．例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。Ⅳ．长难语句1．Whydifferentcropsaregrownisthattheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground，makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops．[分析]本句是一个复合句。Whydifferentcropsaregrown是主语从句。is后面是that引导的_________从句，动词-ing形式短语作_________状语。[翻译]_____________________________________________________________2．Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld．[分析]本句是一个复合句。Whatkeepsthemfromdoingso是what引导的_________从句。fact后是由that引导的_________从句。[翻译]_____________________________________________________________Ⅴ．课文语法填空Chemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilisers1．_________(be)inwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury．Overtime，however，2．_________somescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththeland3．_________people'shealth．Forexample，pesticidescandamagethelandby4．_________(kill)notonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects，butalsohelpfulones．As5．_________alternative，somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming．Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfree6．_________diseasethroughnaturalmeans．Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethods7．_________(produce)richsoil．Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfood．Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagriculture8．_________(entire)．Butthereisstillalongwaytofinda9．_________(suit)solutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhile10．_________(keep)peopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible．1．(教材原句)Itiscelebratedinmorethan150countries，raisingawarenessandknowledgeoftheproblemsandcausesbehindworldhungerandpovery．*povertyn．贫穷；贫困(pooradj．贫穷的；贫困的)inpoverty 处于贫穷之中apovertyof 缺乏below/abovethepovertyline 在贫困线之下/之上单句语法填空/单句写作①Hewasrich，butisnowreducedto_________(poor)．②Thepoorman_________povertysleepsontheflooratthedoorway．③三分之一的人口生活在贫困线或以下。Athirdofthepopulationislivingator_________________________________．2．(教材原句)Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand，inturn，theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem．*inturn相应地；转而；依次；轮流byturns 轮流；交替地taketurnstodosth． 轮流做某事itisone'sturntodosth． 轮到某人做某事turndown 调低；拒绝单句语法填空/单句写作①Whenitwasmyturn_________(give)aspeech，Iwastooexcitedtospeak．②Whenmymotherwasill，mybrotherstookturns_________(take)careofher．③(应用文写作之建议信)一方面，它不仅有助于强身健体，而且还反过来帮助我们更有效地学习。Foronething，notonlydoesithelptobuildupourhealth，_________________________________．3．(教材原句)Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside，butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals，andtheyoftenhavelessflavouraswell．*essentialadj．完全必要的；极其重要的(1)beessentialto... 对……是不可缺少的(2)itisessentialforsb．todosth． 对某人来说做某事是必要的itisessentialthat...(should)dosth． 做某事是必不可少的单句语法填空/单句写作①Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms_________(send)backasearlyaspossible．②Itisessentialfortechnologycompanies_________(strengthen)competitivepower．③(应用文写作之建议信)饮食多样化并保持饮食均衡是必要的。_________________________________yourdietisvariedandbalanced．4．(教材原句)Asanalternative，somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming，andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery．*alternativen．可供选择的事物adj．可供替代的；非传统的(alternativelyadv．要不然；或者)havenoalternativebuttodosth． 别无选择只好做某事havethealternativeofdoingsth． 有做某事的选择，可以做某事there'snoalternative...buttodosth． ……别无选择只好做某事analternativeto... ……的替代品单句语法填空/单句写作①Ihadnoalternativebut_________(accept)theoffer．②Ifyoudon'tliketheschoollunch，youhavethealternativeof_________(bring)yourown．③Wecouldwalkor_________(alternative)wecouldgoinTed'scar．④(应用文写作之道歉信)我只能谢绝你的邀请，因为我在忙于准备期末考试。Occupiedinpreparingformyfinalexam，I_________________________________．5．(教材原句)Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich．*depthn．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)indepth 全面；深入；详细fromthedepthofthemind 从心底里；真心地atadepthof... 在……的深度inthedepthsof... 在……深处单句语法填空/单句写作①Plantthebeans_________adepthofaboutsixinches．②Thisisanewsubjectandneedstobeexplored_________depth．③Whenhersongotinjuredanddisabledintheaccident，shewasin_________depthsofdespair．④不能期望较年轻的学生有深刻的理解能力。Youngerstudentscannotbeexpected_________________________________．词汇1．flavourn．味道；特点；特色2．digestvt．&vi．消化vt．领会；领悟n．摘要；文摘3．rootn．根；根茎；根部；根源4．aspectn．方面；层面微练1．(读后续写之场景描写)AsIstoodinthekitchen，_________oftomatosauce，Irealizedtheimportanceofallowinglifetosurpriseus．当我站在厨房里，被番茄酱香味包围时，我意识到让生活给我们惊喜的重要性。2．(应用文写作之环境保护)Iftheseaanimalseatthembymistake，therubbishwillbe_________andstayintheirstomachsforever．如果海洋动物误吃了它们，垃圾将难以消化并永远留在他们的肚子里。3．(读后续写之主旨升华)Withthisexperience_________，Icometorealizethateveryonehashisownflashpoint．随着这段经历根植于我的脑海中，我逐渐认识到，每个人都有他自己的闪光点。4．(应用文写作之求助信)Iamwritingtoaskforyourvaluableadviceonwhich_________areextremelyappealingtoforeignfriends．我写信是想就此文化的哪些方面对外国朋友极具吸引力这一问题征求您的宝贵意见。1．(教材原句)Forexample，pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects，butalsohelpfulones．*notonly...butalso...句型(1)句中notonly...butalso...“不仅……而且……”用作并列连词，相当于“notjust...butalso...”。(2)该结构常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中also可以省略。(3)“notonly...butalso...”连接主语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则；当notonly位于句首连接两个句子时，第一个分句要用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。单句语法填空/句型转换①Shenotonly_________(write)thetextbutalsoselectedtheillustrations．②NotonlymyfriendbutalsoI_________(be)presentattheconferenceyesterday．③(应用文写作之活动介绍)TheactivitynotonlycanenhanceourEnglishlevel，butitcanalsobroadenourhorizons．→___________________________，butitcanalsobroadenourhorizons．(倒装句)2．(教材原句)Whydifferentcropsaregrownisthattheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground，makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops．*动词-ing形式短语作结果状语(1)本句中makingit...为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语，表示前面的情况所造成的结果。(2)动词-ing形式短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果。(3)动词不定式也可作结果状语，但它通常表示一种“偶然的，出人意料的”结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前面加only，意为“(结果)却……；只(只是)……”。单句语法填空/单句写作①Morehighwayshavebeenbuilt，_________(make)itmoreconvenientforpeopletotravelaroundChina．②Hehurriedtotheairport，only_________(tell)thattheplanehadtakenoff．③他匆匆赶到售票处，却被告知所有的票都卖完了。Hehurriedtothebookingoffice，_________．④(读后续写之情绪描写)我觉得每个人都在盯着我看，让我很紧张。Ifeltlikeeveryonewasstaringatme，_________________________________．①chemicaladj．与化学有关的；化学的n．化学制品；化学品②organicadj．有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的③pesticiden．杀虫剂；除害药物④widespreadadj．分布广的；普遍的；广泛的⑤overtime随着时间的推移⑥bacteriumn．(pl．-ria)细菌⑦notonly...butalso...不仅……而且……⑧inaddition另外，此外inadditionto除……之外(还有，也)⑨inturn相应地；转而；依次；轮流⑩digestvt．&vi．消化vt．领会；领悟n．摘要；文摘⑪DDTn．滴滴涕(旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂)⑫asfor至于，关于⑬too...to...太……而不能……⑭nutritionn．营养；滋养⑮essentialadj．完全必要的；极其重要的beessentialto/for对……来说必不可少⑯mineraln．矿物；矿物质⑰flavour(NAmE-vor)n．味道；特点；特色⑱aswell也，又，同样⑲alternativen．可供选择的事物adj．可供替代的；非传统的⑳switchto转变；转向switchoff(用开关)关掉；切断(电源)㉑turnto转向；求助于㉒groceryn．食品杂货店；[pl．]食品杂货㉓focuson关注，聚焦㉔freeof无……的；摆脱了……的㉕meansn．手段；方法㉖instancen．例子；实例；事例forinstance例如；比如㉗wheatn．小麦；小麦籽㉘batchn．一批；一组vt．分批处理abatchof一批㉙diverseadj．不同的；多种多样的㉚depthn．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)㉛rootn．根；根茎；根部；根源㉜entirelyadv．全部地；完整地；完全地entireadj．全部的；整个的；完全的㉝servethedemand满足需求㉞nowherenear完全没有；远不及㉟meettheneed满足要求㊱sufficientadj．足够的；充分的CHEMICAL①VERSUSORGANIC②FARMINGChemicalpesticides③andartificialfertilisershavebeeninwidespread④useinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury．Whentheywerefirstintroduced，manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction．Overtime⑤，however，whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople'shealth[1]．[1]whatsomescientistshavefound是主语从句，what是引导词，what意为“……的事情”；thattheirlong-term...people'shealth是表语从句，其中that是引导词，在句中不作成分，没有词义。Forexample，pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteria⑥andinsects，butalso⑦helpfulones．Inaddition⑧，thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime．Thisaffectsthecropsgrownontheland[2]and，inturn⑨，theanimalsandhumanswhodigest⑩them[3]．Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer．Infact，somepesticideslikeDDT⑪havebeenprohibitedinmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment[4]．Asfor⑫chemicalfertilisers，cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofastto⑬berichinnutrition⑭．Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside，butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessential⑮minerals⑯，andtheyoftenhavelessflavour⑰aswell⑱．[2]此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动意义，相当于定语从句thataregrownontheland。[3]此处是定语从句，先行词是theanimalsandhumans，引导词who在定语从句中作主语。[4]此处是定语从句，先行词是thedamage，引导词是that或which；引导词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。Asanalternative⑲，somefarmershaveswitchedto⑳organicfarming，andmanycustomershaveturnedto㉑organicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery㉒．Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals．Organicfarmersfocuson㉓keepingtheirsoilrichandfreeof㉔diseasethroughnaturalmeans㉕．Forexample，manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser．Thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals．Italsokeepstheair，soil，water，andcropsfreeofchemicals．Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil．Theyoftenchangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear．Forinstance㉖，theymaygrowcornorwheat㉗inafieldoneyear，andthengrowbeanstherethenext．Whydifferentcropsaregrownisthattheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground，makingitreadyforthenextbatch㉘ofcrops．[5]Organicfarmersalsoplantdiverse㉙cropsthatusedifferentdepths㉚ofsoiltohelpkeepitrich[6]．Forexample，peanutsgrowontheground'ssurface，butmanyothervegetablesputdowndeeproots㉛．Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople'shealth．[7][5]Whydifferentcropsaregrown是why引导的主语从句，why在主语从句中作状语。句中thattheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground是表语从句，引导词是that，句中的makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops是动词-ing形式短语在句中作结果状语。[6]thatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich是that引导的定语从句修饰先行词crops，that在从句中作主语，也可用which替换。[7]句中whileavoiding...是省略结构。Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely㉜．Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemand㉝forfoodaroundtheworld．[8]Organicfarmingisnowherenear㉞abletomeetthatneed㉟．Therefore，thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficient㊱foodonthedinnertable[9]whilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible．[8]Whatkeepsthemfromdoingso是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语。句中thatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld是that引导的同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，that没有词义，只起连接作用。[9]thatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertable是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词asuitablesolution，that在定语从句中作主语。化学耕作和有机耕作自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工化肥在农业中得到了广泛使用。当它们第一次被引进时，许多农民欢迎它们作为一种对抗作物病害和增加产量的好方法。然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质可以在土壤和地下水源中长期存在。这影响了生长在土地上的作物，进而影响了消化它们的动物和人类。许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至致癌。事实上，像滴滴涕这样的杀虫剂在大多数国家已经被禁止了，因为它们对人类和环境造成了破坏。至于化肥，通常施了化肥的农作物生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。它们可能外表看起来很漂亮，但里面的水通常比必需的矿物质多，而且味道也不太好。作为一种选择，一些农民转向有机农业，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。有机农业就是不使用任何化学物质的简单农业。有机农场主注重通过自然的方式保持土壤的肥沃和免受病害。例如，许多有机农场主使用来自动物的天然粪便作为肥料。这使得他们地里的土壤矿物质更丰富。它还使空气、土壤、水和农作物不受化学物质的污染。有机农场主也使用许多其他方法来制造肥沃的土壤。他们经常每年改变每一块地的作物种类。例如，他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，第二年在那里种豆子。种植不同作物的原因是它