专项复习-动词（答案）

小升初语言知识运用动词一、动词的种类动词根据其在构成动词词组中所起的作用分为实义动词和助动词。实义动词构成动词词组的基本意义，可分为及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词。助动词协助实义动词构成动词词组，表示不同的语法意义和情态意义，主要分为基本助动词（如:be，do，will等）和情态动词（如:can，may，must，should，need等）。二、实义动词1.及物动词和不及物动词（1）及物动词后面必须跟宾语，例如:Heisreadinganewspaper.他在看报纸。Shegavemeaboxofcandies.她给我一盒糖果。（2）不及物动词不带宾语，例如:Thewinterholidaysareing.寒假即将来临了。Itisrainingoutside.外面在下雨。(3)有些动词既可以作及物动词,又可以作不及物动词,例如:read,sing,begin,eat,drink,know,help,try等。例如:Classbeginsateighto'clock.八点开始上课。(不及物动词)Let'sbeginourclass.我们开始上课吧。(及物动词)2.连系动词连系动词后面必须接表语（常为名词和形容词）。常用的连系动词有b（是），bee（变成），get（成为），go（变成），look（看上去），grow（逐渐变成），seem（看上去），turn（变成），例如:Jennyisveryhappy.珍妮很高兴。Hebecamefamous.他出名了。Mikeisgettingtaller.迈克长高了。Milkgoesbadeasilyinsummer.夏天牛奶容易变质。Jacklookssad.杰克看上去很难过。Herfaceturnedred.她的脸变红了。（2）表示感觉和知觉的动词也可以作连系动词，例如:feel（感觉），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来）等。例如:Normandoesn'tfeelwelltoday.诺曼今天感觉不舒服。Howdoesthelemontaste?柠檬的味道怎么样?Theroastducksmellsnice.烤鸭闻起来很香.Thatsoundsgood.那听起来不错.有些动词既可以作连系动词，也可以表示具体动作，问如:Shelooksangry.她看上去很愤怒.Shelookedangrilyatus.她愤怒地看着我们。三、助动词1.基本助动词:be,do,will（1）be(am,is,are):作为助动词时,主要用于构成动词的现在进行时,例如:Heisn'twatchingTVinthesittingroom.他不在客厅里看电视。Theywereplayingfootballintheplaygroundthistimeyesterday.他们昨天这个时候在操场上踢足球。（2）do:常用于一般现在时或一般过去时的否定句和一般疑问句及其回答，例如:Idon'tlikesnakes.我不喜欢蛇。Didyougotothecinemalastweekend?一你上周末去看电影了吗?Yes,Idid.是的。Doyouoftendoyourhomeworkbeforesupper?一你经常在晚饭前做作业吗?Yes,Ido.是的。（3）will:用于构成动词的一般将来时，例如:Theywillgototheparktomorrow.他们明天将去公园。He'lltakepartintheEnglishcontestnextweek.他下周将要参加一个英语竞赛。I'llgotoBeijingthissummerholidays.今年暑假我将要去北京。注意:当主语是第一人称I或we时，也可用shall表示一般将来时。典型例题选择合适的助动词，并用其适当的形式填空。It'snineo'clockinthemorning.They_________havinganEnglishlesson.Thegirl_________likebreadforbreakfast.It'srainingoutside.We_________gooutandplay.正确答案(1)are(2)doesn't(3)won't/shan't解题思路第一题是arehaving构成现在进行时；第二题是一般现在时的否定形式，thegirl是第三人称单数，所以用doesn't:第三题的意思是“外面正在下雨，我们不出去玩。"应填won't或shan't。2.情态动词情态动词的后面必须接动词原形构成谓语，表示能够、应该、需要、推测、意愿等情态意义。一个情态动词往往有多种用法。can:表示能力、可能、许可等意义，例如:Icandriveacar.我会开车。（表示能力）Youcanfindhimintheclassroom.你可以在教室里找到他。(表示可能)CanIturndowntheradio?我能把收音机音量调小点吗?（表示许可）Itcan'tbetrue.这不可能是真的。（表示推测）（2）may:表示许可、可能等意义，例如:MayIsithere?我可以坐这里吗?（表示许可）Hemayhelpyou.他可能会帮助你。(表示可能)must:表示必须、肯定的推测等意义,例如:Wemustkeeptheschoolrulesatschool.我们必须要遵守学校的规章制度。（表示义务、必要）Youmustbehungry.你一定是饿了。(表示肯定的猜测语气)Youmustn'tsmokehere.你不可以在这里抽烟。(表示不允许)MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?我现在必须要完成作业吗?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.是的,必须。/不,不必。注意:Must…?问句的否定回答是needn't/don'tneedto/don'thaveto,而不是mustn't。（4）need:作为情态动词时，多用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，例如:NeedImakeanappointment?我需要预约吗?Youneedn'tworryaboutit.你不必担心。注意:Need…?疑问句的肯定回答是用must，否定回答是needn't，例如:NeedIhurry?我需要快点吗?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.一是的,你必须快点。/不,不需要。典型例题()_________Idoitnow?No,you_________.A.Must;mustn't B.Must;can't C.Must;needn't正确答案C解题思路该题的意思是“我现在必须要做这件事吗?不，不必。”Must…?问句的否定回答是用needn't。()NeedIlearnhowtocook?_________.A.Yes,youmust. B.No,youmustn't. C.Yes,youneed.正确答案A解题思路该题的意思是“我需要学烹饪吗?是的，必须学，”Need…?问句的肯定回答是用must。四、动词的形式小学阶段学习的动词形式主要有四种，即:动词原形、动词的第三人称单数形式、动词的现在分词形式以及动词的过去式。动词的第三人称单数形式（1）一般直接在动词词尾加s,例如:runruns,playplays,workworks等。（2）以s,x,0,sh,ch结尾的动词,加es,例如:brushbrushes,gogoes,passpasses,watchwatches等。（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加es，例如:flyflies，studystudies等。（4）个别不规则变化单词，需要单独记忆，例如:havehas等。2.动词现在分词（ing）的构成（1）一般直接在动词的词尾加ing,例如:pickpicking,dodoing,singsinging等。（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加ing,例如:makemaking,taketaking等。（3）末尾是重读闭音节,且以单个辅音字母结尾的动词,将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加ing,例如:digdigging,swimswimming,runrunning,skipskipping等。3.动词过去式的构成（1）一般情况下,直接在动词的词尾加ed,例如:playplayed,cleancleaned等。（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词直接加d,例如:hopehoped,arrivearrived等。（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed，例如:crycried，studystudied等。（4）末尾是重读闭音节，且以单个辅音字母结尾的动词，将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加ed,例如:stopstopped,mopmopped等。（5）另有一些不规则变化需特别记忆，例如:havehad，saysaid等。练习一、照样子写出动词的三种形式。例:walk walks walking walked001.use _________ _________ _________002.put _________ _________ _________003.cry _________ _________ _________004.play _________ _________ _________005.see _________ _________ _________006.give _________ _________ _________007.pick _________ _________ _________008.know _________ _________ _________009.have _________ _________ _________010.fly _________ _________ _________011.grow _________ _________ _________012.eat _________ _________ _________013.open _________ _________ _________014.make _________ _________ _________015.lay _________ _________ _________016.sit _________ _________ _________017.read _________ _________ _________018.hear _________ _________ _________019.enjoy _________ _________ _________020.say _________ _________ _________答案：usesusingused2.putsputtingput3.criescryingcried4.playsplayingplayed5.seesseeingsaw6.givesgivinggave7.pickspickingpicked8.knowsknowingknew9.hashavinghad10.fliesflyingflew11.growsgrowinggrew12.eatseatingate13.opensopeningopened14.makesmakingmade15.layslayinglaid16.sitssittingsat17.readsreadingread18.hearshearingheard19.enjoysenjoyingenjoyed20.sayssayingsaid二、用be动词的适当形式填空。021.This_________Kitty'sdog.It_________blackandwhite.022.That_________Tom'suncle.Hisname_________John.023.How_________youI_________fine,thankyou.024.We_________goingtotheparkthisSaturday.025.Thosetoys_________formycousinandsister.026._________yourChineseteacherandEnglishteachertall?027.Tastethelemon.It_________sour.028.Thenumberofherstudents_________sixteen.029.Howold_________theyThey_________tenyearsold.030.AliceandSue_________goodfriends.答案：21.isis22.isis23.aream24.are25.are26.Are27.ia28.is29.areare30.are三、用助动词do或will的适当形式填空。031.What_________yoursister_________Sheisanurse.032.DoyouliketoplayfootballYes.I_________.033.Jim,_________lookoutofthewindowinclass.034.TomorrowisSunday.We_________haveapicnicinthepark.035._________TomandTinaoftenmakefruitsalad?No,they_________.036.I_________myhomeworkaftersupperlastnight.037._________youplayvideogameswithyourfriendlastweekend?038._________yourmotherwashdishesafterdinnereveryday?039.What_________youdothisevening?I_________takeawalkwithmyparentsinthegarden.040.It_________berainytomorrow.答案：31.doesdo32.do33.don’t34.will35.Dodon’t36.did37.Did38.Does39.willwill40.will四、用适当的情态动词填空。041.A:I'mhungry._________IhavesomeFrenchfries?B:No,you'dbetterhavesomebread.It'sgoodforyourhealth.A:Thankyou,mum.042043.A:_________Ifinishtheworkbefore11o'clock?B:Yes,you_________.Hurryup,please.A:OK,Iwill.044045.A:_________yourfatherdiveintheriver?B:Yes,he_________.He'sadiver.A:Wow,he'ssuper.046047.Students_________shoutinclass.Andthey_________followtheschoolrules.048050.A:_________Icleanmyroomnow,Mum?B:No,you_________.You_________doitlater.答案：41.Can/May42.Must43.must44.Can45.can46.mustn’t47.must48.Must49.needn’t50.can五、英汉互译。051.在城堡里____________________________________052.learnalotaboutrobots____________________________________053.来花园玩____________________________________054.givehimasurprise____________________________________055.感到既寒冷又伤心____________________________________056.noonehurts____________________________________056.noonehurts____________________________________057.推倒城墙____________________________________058.movethefurniture____________________________________059.和我的朋友在网上聊天____________________________________060.helpplantsgrow____________________________________060.helpplantsgrow____________________________________061.端午节____________________________________062.becareful____________________________________063.品尝一下这个大橘子____________________________________064.aninterestinginsect____________________________________065.在科技博物馆____________________________________066.onWednesdayafternoon____________________________________066.onWednesdayafternoon____________________________________答案：inthecastle学到许多关于机器人的（知识、内容）eandplayinthegarden给他一个惊喜feelcoldandsad没有人受伤breakdownthecitywall移动这个家具chatwithmyfriendontheInternet帮助植物生长theDragonBoatFestival当心tastethisbigorange一只有趣的昆虫inScienceandTechnologyMuseum在周三下午六、用所给动词适当形式填空。067.Mycousincan_________(ride)abicycleverywell.068.Mygrandmotheroften_________(cook)vegetablesinabigpan,butshe__________________(cook)meatinasmallpanyesterdayevening.069.ThestudentsofClassTwo,GradeFiveusually_________(eat)fastfoodonceamonth.070.WhereisPeter?He_________(water)theflowerswithhisgrandfatherinthegarden.071.Mr.White_________(have)dinnerwithuslastnight,buthe_________(nothave)dinnerwithustonight.072.Look,thechildren_________(skip)intheplayground.Theylike_________(skip)verymuch.Let's_________(join)them,shallwe?073.Lucy'sfather_________(notdo)anywashingaftersupper.Healways_________(smoke)outside.74.Tomusually_________(eat)outatweekends.Buthe_________(noteat)outlastweekend.075.It'sgettingdark.It'stime_________(go)home.答案：67.ride68.cooks;cooked69.eat70.iswatering71.had;willnothave72.areskipping/toskip;join73.doesn’tdo;smokes74.eats;didn’teat75.togo七、选择填空。()076.Doyou_________thework?ItisdifficultbutIlikeit.A.enjoying B.toenjoy C.enjoy()077.Howoften_________yourfathergoonanouting?Onceamonth.A.is B.do C.does()078.TheLisare_________foratripthissummer.A.going B.togo C.goes()079.After_________yourhomework,youcan_________ballgames.A.finish;play B.finishing;play C.tofinish:play()080.Let's_________theInternet,shallwe?A.surf B.tosurf C.surfing()081.It'smadeofpork._________nice.A.Sounds B.Sound C.It'ssound()082.WhendoesMaydanceeverydayShe_________iteveryday.A.dances B.do C.does()083.MustIdomyhomeworknow?No,you_________.Butyoumust_________itbeforeeighto'clock.A.needn't;finish B.must;finishing C.can't;finish()084.Whynot_________afterschool?A.playingsports B.playsports C.toplaysports()085.We'dlike_________basketball_________P.E.lessons.A.play;on B.toplay;in C.playing;in()086.When_________thesportsmeet_________?A.do;begin B.is;begin C.did;begin()087.I_________joggingbefore.NowIaminterestedin_________.A.enjoy;swimming B.enjoyed;toswim C.enjoyed;swimming()088.Justnowourteacher_________usthattheearth_________aroundthesun.A.tells;goes B.told;went C.told;goes()089.We_________Beijingthissummerholiday.A.willvisit B.isvisiting C.visited答案：CCABAACABBCCCA八、改正下列句子中的错误。090.Listen,thewindblowinghard.__________________________________________________________________091.TheclassmatesofClassTwovisittheShanghaiMuseumyesterdayafternoon.__________________________________