2025年考研英语（一）长篇阅读理解能力提升：专项训练与策略解析

2025年考研英语（一）长篇阅读理解能力提升：专项训练与策略解析考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______模拟试卷PartBYouaregoingtoreadfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomersonaflexible,oftenshort-termbasis,industriesfromtransportationandfooddeliverytofreelancewritingandgraphicdesignhavebeenreshaped.Whileofferingunparalleledflexibilityandopportunitiesforautonomytomillionsofworkers,thegigeconomyalsopresentsahostofchallengesthatraiseimportantquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersindividualsbyallowingthemtocontroltheirownschedules,chooseprojectsthatinterestthem,andpotentiallyearnmorethantraditionalwagejobs.Formany,itservesasavitallifeline,providingincomeduringperiodsofunemploymentorcomplementingaprimaryjob.Furthermore,companiesbenefitfromaccessingavast,readilyavailableworkforcewithouttheoverheadcostsassociatedwithfull-timeemployees,suchasbenefitsorlong-termcontracts.Thisdynamismisseenasessentialforinnovationandadaptingtoarapidlychangingworld.However,criticspointtothelackofjobsecurityandbenefitsasmajordrawbacksforgigworkers.Withoutemployer-sponsoredhealthinsurance,retirementplans,orpaidleave,manyfindthemselvesvulnerabletofinancialinstability.Theisolationandlackofaformalteamstructurecanalsoleadtofeelingsoflonelinessanddisconnection.Moreover,thecompetitivenatureofmanygigplatformsoften压低prices,squeezingworkers'earningsandmakingitdifficulttoachieveasustainablelivingsolelythroughgigwork.Theintermittentandunpredictablenatureofincomestreamsaddstotheanxiety.Theregulatorylandscapesurroundingthegigeconomyisalsocomplexandevolving.Governmentsworldwidearegrapplingwithhowtoclassifygigworkers–asindependentcontractors,subjecttofewerregulations,orasemployeesentitledtoprotections.Thislegalambiguitycreatesuncertaintyforbothworkersandbusinesses.Someadvocateforpolicyinterventionsthatoffergigworkersbasicprotectionswithoutstiflingthesector'sgrowth,whileothersarguethatexcessiveregulationcould扼杀theveryflexibilitythatdefinesthegigeconomy.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaprimaryadvantageofthegigeconomyforworkers?2.Whatconcernsdocriticshaveregardingthefinancialsecurityofgigworkers?3.Whatisthemainchallengementionedforgovernmentsregardingthegigeconomy?4.Theword"empowers"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)ExploitsB)EnablesC)DiscouragesD)DestroysPassage2Theconceptof"deepwork"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyearsasanantidotetotheconstantdistractionsofthedigitalage.PopularizedbyauthorCalNewport,deepworkreferstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtaskforanextendedperiod.Inaworldsaturatedwithnotificationsandthetemptationtomultitask,thecapacityfordeepworkisincreasinglyseenasavaluableskill,evenasuperpower,inthemodernworkplace.Advocatesofdeepworkarguethatitleadstohigherqualityoutput,innovation,andgreaterpersonalsatisfaction.Byminimizinginterruptionsandconcentratingfullyonasingletask,individualscanproduceworkthatismorethoughtful,accurate,andimpactful.Thisintensefocusallowsforthesynthesisofcomplexinformationandthegenerationofnovelideas,whichareoftentheresultofprolongedcognitiveengagementratherthanfragmentedattention.Moreover,engagingindeepworkcanbeintrinsicallyrewarding,providingasenseofaccomplishmentthatisdifficulttoachievethroughsuperficialtasks.However,thepracticeofdeepworkfacesnumerouschallengesintoday'senvironment.Thepervasivenessofdigitaltechnologyandthecultureofconstantconnectivitymakeitdifficulttocreatethenecessaryuninterruptedtimeandmentalspace.Manyfindthemselvescaughtinacycleofcheckingemails,messages,andsocialmedia,whichconstantlyfragmentsattention.Additionally,themodernworkplaceoftenencouragescollaborationandrapidcommunication,seeminglyatoddswiththesolitary,focusednatureofdeepwork.Findingabalancebetweeneffectivecommunicationandtheneedforconcentrationremainsasignificanthurdle.Furthermore,theabilitytoengageindeepworkmaynotbeequallydistributedamongthepopulation.Factorssuchaspersonalitytraits,cognitiveabilities,andevensocioeconomicbackgroundmightinfluenceone'scapacityforsustainedfocus.Whilesomeindividualsthriveonintenseconcentration,othersmayfinditdrainingorsimplyunabletomaintainthatleveloffocusforextendeddurations.Therefore,simplyadvocatingfordeepworkmaynotbesufficient;creatingenvironmentsandconditionsthatsupport,andareconduciveto,deepworkforawiderrangeofpeopleisalsocrucial.Questions:5.Whatisthemaincharacteristicof"deepwork"asdescribedinthepassage?6.Accordingtoproponents,whatisasignificantbenefitofengagingindeepwork?7.Whatobstaclesdoesthepassageidentifyforindividualstryingtopracticedeepwork?8.Theword"pervasive"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)TemporaryB)LocalizedC)WidespreadD)UnderutilizedPassage3Theintegrationofartificialintelligence(AI)intovariousaspectsofdailylifeisacceleratingataremarkablepace,promisingunprecedentedefficiencyandconveniencebutalsoraisingprofoundethicalandsocialconcerns.Fromvirtualassistantsmanagingschedulestoalgorithmsrecommendingcontentandautonomousvehiclesnavigatingroads,AItechnologiesarebecomingincreasinglysophisticatedandpervasive.Thisrapidadvancementnecessitatesacarefulconsiderationofthepotentialimpacts,bothintendedandunintended,onsociety.Ontheonehand,AIoffersthepotentialtosolvecomplexglobalchallenges,suchasclimatechange,healthcareaccessibility,andresourcemanagement.AI-drivensimulationscanmodelenvironmentalscenarios,optimizeenergyconsumption,andassistinthedevelopmentofnewmedicaltreatments.Insectorslikemanufacturingandlogistics,AIcanenhanceproductivity,reducecosts,andimprovesafetythroughautomation.Theseapplicationsholdthepromiseofcreatingamoreefficient,sustainable,andequitableworld.Ontheotherhand,thewidespreadadoptionofAIposessignificantrisksthatcannotbeignored.Issuesrelatedtodataprivacyandsecurityareparamount,asAIsystemsoftenrelyonvastamountsofpersonalinformation.Thepotentialforalgorithmicbias,leadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareaslikehiring,lending,andlawenforcement,isamajorconcern.Therearealsoworriesabouttheimpactonemployment,asAIautomationcoulddisplacehumanworkersinvariousindustries.Furthermore,theincreasingautonomyofAIsystemsraisesquestionsaboutaccountabilityandresponsibilitywhendecisionsaremadewithouthumanintervention.ThedevelopmentanddeploymentofAIalsoraisecomplexquestionsabouthumanagencyandvalues.AsAIsystemsbecomemorecapable,thereisariskthathumandecision-makingcouldbeoverlyinfluencedorevensupplantedbyalgorithms.Preservinghumanjudgment,empathy,andethicalreasoningincriticalsituationsisessential.SocietymustengageinongoingdialogueaboutthevalueswewanttoembedinAIsystemsandensuretheyalignwithhumanrightsandethicalprinciples.Thisrequiresnotonlytechnologicalsolutionsbutalsorobustlegalandregulatoryframeworks,aswellaseducationandpublicawareness.Questions:9.WhatisapotentialbenefitofAImentionedinthepassagethatcouldaddressaglobalchallenge?10.WhataretwosignificantethicalconcernsassociatedwithAI?11.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaconcernregardingtheimpactofAIontheworkforce?12.Theword"paramount"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)MinimumB)SecondaryC)CrucialD)UnpredictablePassage4Culturalheritage,encompassingtangibleassetslikehistoricalbuildingsandartifactsaswellasintangibleelementssuchastraditions,languages,andperformingarts,holdsimmensevalueforcommunitiesworldwide.Itservesasavitallinktothepast,shapingcollectiveidentityandprovidingafoundationforunderstandingculturaldiversity.However,preservingthisheritageinthefaceofmodernization,climatechange,andincreasingglobalinterconnectednesspresentsnumerouschallengesthatrequireinnovativeapproachesandsustainedeffort.Therapidpaceofurbandevelopmentoftenleadstothedestructionorneglectofhistoricalstructuresandsites.Moderninfrastructureprojectscanencroachuponculturallysignificantareas,leadingtoirreversibleloss.Furthermore,climatechangeposesagrowingthreat,withrisingsealevels,extremeweatherevents,andenvironmentaldegradationdamagingfragileheritagesites,fromancientmonumentstotraditionalcommunities.Maintainingthesesitesrequiressignificantresourcesandexpertise,whichmaybelacking,especiallyindevelopingregions.Despitethesechallenges,theimportanceofculturalheritageconservationcontinuestogrow.Thereisagrowingrecognitionthatpreservingheritageisnotmerelyaboutprotectingoldbuildingsorartifacts;itisessentialforsocialcohesion,tourism,andeconomicdevelopment.Culturalheritagesitesattractvisitors,generatingrevenueandcreatingjobs.Theyalsofosterasenseofbelongingandcontinuityamongcommunitymembers,strengtheningsocialbonds.Moreover,documentingandtransmittingculturaltraditionsensuresthesurvivalofuniqueknowledge,skills,andartisticexpressionsforfuturegenerations.Innovativestrategiesareneededtoeffectivelymanageandprotectculturalheritage.Digitaltechnology,suchas3Dscanningandvirtualreality,offerspowerfultoolsfordocumentation,monitoring,andvirtualaccesstoheritagesites,especiallythosethatareinaccessibleoratrisk.Community-basedapproachesthatinvolvelocalpopulationsindecision-makingandconservationeffortsarealsocrucial,astheyensurethesustainabilityandrelevanceofheritagepractices.Internationalcollaborationandfunding,throughorganizationslikeUNESCO,playavitalroleinsupportingheritageconservationglobally.Ultimately,safeguardingculturalheritagerequiresacollectivecommitmenttoitsvalueandtheactiveparticipationofgovernments,communities,andindividuals.Questions:13.Whatroledoesculturalheritageplayinthecontextofcommunityidentity,accordingtothepassage?14.Whataretwoenvironmentalthreatsmentionedthatcandamageculturalheritagesites?15.Howcanculturalheritagecontributetoeconomicdevelopment?16.Theword"sustained"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)IntermittentB)TemporaryC)ContinuedD)Increased试卷答案PartBPassage11.B2.A3.C4.B解析：1.题目问：根据文章，工人在零工经济中的主要优势是什么？定位到第二段，开头提到“Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersindividualsbyallowingthemtocontroltheirownschedules,chooseprojectsthatinterestthem,andpotentiallyearnmorethantraditionalwagejobs.”（支持者认为，零工经济通过让个人能够控制自己的时间表、选择自己感兴趣的项目，以及有可能比传统工资工作赚更多来赋予个人权力。）其中，“controltheirownschedules”对应“flexibility”，“chooseprojectsthatinterestthem”对应“autonomy”，“potentiallyearnmore”对应“higherincomeopportunities”。选项B“Enables”（使能够）与“empowers”（赋权）意思最接近，概括了控制时间、选择项目和潜在高收入这几大优势。2.题目问：根据批评者，工人在财务安全方面有什么担忧？定位到第三段，提到“However,criticspointtothelackofjobsecurityandbenefitsasmajordrawbacksforgigworkers.Withoutemployer-sponsoredhealthinsurance,retirementplans,orpaidleave,manyfindthemselvesvulnerabletofinancialinstability.”（然而，批评者指出，缺乏工作保障和福利是零工的主要缺点。没有雇主赞助的健康保险、退休计划或带薪休假，许多人发现自己容易受到财务不稳定的影响。）其中，“lackofjobsecurityandbenefits”直接对应了财务安全方面的担忧，即缺乏保障和福利导致不稳定。选项A“Exploits”（剥削）与文意不符；选项B“Discourages”（discouraged抑制）不合适；选项C“Discourages”（Discourages鼓励）与文意相反；选项D“Destroys”（摧毁）程度过重。3.题目问：文章提到政府面临的关于零工经济的主要挑战是什么？定位到第四段，提到“Theregulatorylandscapesurroundingthegigeconomyisalsocomplexandevolving.Governmentsworldwidearegrapplingwithhowtoclassifygigworkers–asindependentcontractors,subjecttofewerregulations,orasemployeesentitledtoprotections.”（围绕零工经济的监管环境也日益复杂化和演变。世界各国政府正努力应对如何对零工工人进行分类的问题——是作为独立承包商（受较少监管）还是作为有权获得保护的雇员。）这里明确指出了政府正在努力解决“如何对零工工人进行分类”的问题，这是一个法律和监管上的复杂挑战。选项B与原文“howtoclassifygigworkers”意思一致。4.题目问：第二段中的单词“empowers”在意思上最接近：。定位到第二段“Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersindividualsbyallowingthemtocontroltheirownschedules...”结合上下文，empowers在这里的意思是“赋予……能力或权力”。选项A“Exploits”（剥削）意思相反；选项B“Enables”（使能够）与“empowers”意思最为接近；选项C“Discourages”（使沮丧）意思相反；选项D“Destroys”（摧毁）程度过重且意思不符。Passage25.A6.B7.C8.C解析：5.题目问：根据文章，什么是“深度工作”的主要特征？定位到第一段，提到“deepworkreferstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtaskforanextendedperiod.”（深度工作指的是在一段时间内，不受干扰地专注于一项需要认知能力的任务的能力。）其中，“focuswithoutdistraction”和“extendedperiod”是核心特征。选项A“Focusesforextendedperiodswithoutdistraction”（在不受干扰的情况下长时间集中注意力）最能概括这一特征。6.题目问：根据支持者，参与深度工作有什么重要好处？定位到第二段，提到“Advocatesofdeepworkarguethatitleadstohigherqualityoutput,innovation,andgreaterpersonalsatisfaction.Byminimizinginterruptionsandconcentratingfullyonasingletask,individualscanproduceworkthatismorethoughtful,accurate,andimpactful.”（深度工作的支持者认为，它能带来更高的产出质量、创新和更大的个人满足感。通过减少干扰并专注于单一任务，个人可以产出更周全、准确和有影响力的工作。）其中，“higherqualityoutput,innovation,andgreaterpersonalsatisfaction”是重要好处。选项B“Leadstohigherqualityoutputandinnovation”（带来更高质量的产出和创新）概括了核心效益。7.题目问：文章指出了尝试实践深度工作的人面临的哪些障碍？定位到第三段，提到“Thepervasivenessofdigitaltechnologyandthecultureofconstantconnectivitymakeitdifficulttocreatethenecessaryuninterruptedtimeandmentalspace.Manyfindthemselvescaughtinacycleofcheckingemails,messages,andsocialmedia,whichconstantlyfragmentsattention.”（数字技术的普遍性和持续连接的文化使得创造必要的、不受打扰的时间和心理空间变得困难。许多人发现自己陷入了不断检查电子邮件、信息和社交媒体的循环中，这不断分散着注意力。）其中，“pervasivenessofdigitaltechnologyandthecultureofconstantconnectivity”（数字技术的普遍性和持续连接的文化）以及“checkingemails,messages,andsocialmedia,whichconstantlyfragmentsattention”（检查邮件、信息和社交媒体，不断分散注意力）是具体的障碍。选项C“Difficultycausedbydigitaldistractionsandconstantconnectivity”（由数字干扰和持续连接造成的困难）最能概括这些障碍。8.题目问：第三段中的单词“pervasive”在意思上最接近：。根据上下文，“pervasive”用来形容“digitaltechnology”和“cultureofconstantconnectivity”，指的是它们无处不在、普遍存在的特性。选项A“Temporary”（临时的）与文意相反；选项B“Localized”（地方性的）与文意相反；选项C“Widespread”（普遍的）与“pervasive”意思接近；选项D“Underutilized”（未被充分利用的）与文意无关。Passage39.C10.BandD11.A12.C解析：9.题目问：文章提到，AI能带来的一个潜在好处是什么，它可能解决一个全球性挑战？定位到第二段，提到“Ontheonehand,AIoffersthepotentialtosolvecomplexglobalchallenges,suchasclimatechange,healthcareaccessibility,andresourcemanagement.AI-drivensimulationscanmodelenvironmentalscenarios,optimizeenergyconsumption,andassistinthedevelopmentofnewmedicaltreatments.”（一方面，AI有潜力解决复杂的全球性挑战，例如气候变化、医疗保健的可及性和资源管理。AI驱动的模拟可以模拟环境场景，优化能源消耗，并协助开发新的治疗方法。）其中，“AI-drivensimulationscanmodelenvironmentalscenarios”表明AI可以通过模拟环境场景来应对“climatechange”（气候变化）这一全球挑战。选项C“Aidinginaddressingclimatechangethroughsimulations”（通过模拟帮助应对气候变化）符合文意。10.题目问：根据文章，与AI相关的两个主要伦理担忧是什么？定位到第二段，提到“issuesrelatedtodataprivacyandsecurityareparamount...Thepotentialforalgorithmicbias,leadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareaslikehiring,lending,andlawenforcement,isamajorconcern.”（与数据隐私和安全相关的问题至关重要……算法偏见的潜在可能性，导致在招聘、信贷和执法等领域出现歧视性结果，是一个主要担忧。）这里明确提到了“dataprivacyandsecurity”（数据隐私和安全）和“algorithmicbias”（算法偏见）。选项B“Dataprivacyandsecurity”（数据隐私和安全）和选项D“Algorithmicbias”（算法偏见）是文章指出的两大担忧。11.题目问：根据文章，AI对劳动力队伍有什么影响方面的担忧？定位到第二段，提到“Furthermore,theincreasingautomationduetoAIcoulddisplaceh