Unit2Theuniversallanguage（知识清单）（答案版）

Unit2Theuniversallanguage单词1.Austrianadj.奥地利的，奥地利人的2.posevt.&vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静→posern.作曲家，作曲者3.symphonyn.交响乐，交响曲4.concerton.协奏曲5.Polishadj.波兰的，波兰人的，波兰语的6.deservevt.值得，应得7.pleasantadj.令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的8.whispervi.&vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响n.低语；轻柔的声音；传言9.dramaticadj.激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的10.weepvi.&vt.(wept,wept)哭泣，流泪11.overevt.(overcame,overe)受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜12.sorrown.悲伤，悲痛；伤心事13.graven.坟墓；死亡，去世adj.严重的；严肃的14.transformvi.&vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→transformationn.转化；转换；变形15.foreveradv.永远；长久地；老是16.binevt.&vi.(使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做，合并→binationn.结合体，联合体；联合，混合17.bluesn.(theblues)布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤18.folkadj.民间的，民俗的n.民间音乐；人们；各位；家人19.tunen.曲调，曲子vt.调音；调频道；调整20.lyricn.歌词；抒情诗adj.抒情的；吟唱的21.ruraladj.乡村的，农村的22.surroundingsn.周围，环境→surroundingadj.周围的→surroundv.围绕22.heavenn.极乐之地23.breezen.微风，和风24.guaranteevt.保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修n.保证，担保；保修单25.jazzn.爵士乐26.archn.拱门；拱27.adaptationn.改编本，改写本；适应→adaptvt.使适应；改编vi.适应→adaptableadj.有适应能力的，能适应的28.munistadj.共产主义的n.共产主义者29.invadern.武装入侵的军队(或国家)，侵略者30.defendvt.&vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解→defensen.防御；防卫；保护31.solon.独奏，独唱adj.独自的；独唱的，独奏的32.flowvi.流，流动；充满；涨起n.流，流动；连贯；涨潮33.spacecraftn.(pl.spacecraft)航天(飞行)器，宇宙飞船34.solaradj.太阳的；太阳能的35.greetvt.问候，欢迎，招呼→greetingn.问候，招呼；(pl.)祝词；贺词36.suitableadj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→suitv.对……合适；合身；适合；使适宜n.套装，西装37.recordingn.录音，视频；录制；记录，记载38.distantadj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→distancen.距离；远方39.volumen.音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额40.starevi.盯着看，凝视，注视n.盯，凝视，注视41.breathn.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量；迹象→breathevi.呼吸42.unusualadj.特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的43.grabvt.&vi.吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧44.sweepvt.&vi.(swept,swept)席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除n.打扫，清扫45.plicatedadj.复杂的，难懂的46.lanen.(乡间)小路；小巷；车道；跑道；航线47.acpanyvt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏→panyn.陪伴48.expectationn.希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望→expectvt.预期；预料；期待；指望vi.认为；料想49.enthusiasticadj.热情的，热心的→enthusiasmn.热心，热忱，热情50.streamvi.＆vt.鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动n.小溪；(人)流，(车)流51.handkerchiefn.(pl.handkerchiefsorhandkerchieves)手帕;纸巾52.vastadj.大量的，辽阔的，巨大的53.giftedadj.有才华的，有天赋的→giftn.礼物；天赋；赠品、54.reputationn.名誉，名声55.brilliantadj.聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的56.predictionn.预言，预测→predictv.预言，预知；断言57.extraordinaryadj.不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的58.depressvt.使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→depressedadj.沮丧的；萧条的→depressionn.抑郁(症)；消沉；萧条(期)59.upsetadj.难过的，失望的vt.(upset,upset)使烦恼；搅乱；打翻60.possessvt.具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制→possessionn.拥有；(pl.)财产；财物61.abandonvt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃62.orchestran.管弦乐队63.desperateadj.绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的64.upliftingadj.令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的65.easen.容易，轻易；舒适，安逸vi.&vt.(使)宽慰，减轻66.geniusn.天赋，天资；天才67.variationn.变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种68.chorusn.合唱曲；副歌；合唱团69.grandadj.宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的70.finalen.末乐章，终场，结局；结尾71.rhythmn.节奏，韵律，律动；规律短语1.tearapart使(关系密切的人)分离，分开2.relyon依赖，依靠；信任3.throwin奉送，额外赠送4.forgoodmeasure作为额外增添5.consistof由……组成(或构成)6.getdownto(doing)sth开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事7.allofasudden突然，猛地8.bewellreceived深受欢迎9.becapableofdoingsth能够做某事；有能力做某事10.streaminto不断涌进；源源不断地流入11.breakinto突然开始(做某事)；闯入；破门而入熟词生义1.Whatupsetstheyoungpeopleisthedramaticincreaseofthehouseprices.突然的2.Theywatcheddramaticpicturesofthepoliceraid(突击搜捕)onTV.激动人心的，引人注目的3.Don’tbesodramatic!Weshouldbemodestandhonest.戏剧性的，夸张的4.Ishowmyadmirationformycousinwhoisabrilliantyoungscientist.聪颖的5.Alltheaudienceagreedthattheplaywasabrilliantsuccess.很成功的6.WhenMrsMeredithheardofJohn’sidea,shesaid,“Whatabrilliantidea！”巧妙的7.Cyclingalongthesmallpath,andbathedinthebrilliantsunshine,theboyfeltatease.鲜艳的，明亮的8.Theyofferedatwoyearguaranteeonalltheirelectricalgoods,whichsurprisedmanycustomers.保修单9.Itisannoyingthatmybestfriendtookadistantattitudetowardsmeafewdaysago.疏远的，冷淡的10.Severalfactorsbinedtodepressthehousingmarket.使萧条，削弱句型1.asif引导状语从句Whenthetwolovers,LiangShanboandZhuYingtai,firstmeet,themusicislightandpleasant,asifwhisperingtotheaudience.当梁山伯和祝英台这对相爱的人见面时,音乐轻松悦耳,仿佛在向观众耳语。2.形容词短语作状语\Angryandsad,Liangfallssickanddies.梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。3.Itturns/turnedoutthat...ItturnsoutthatcountrymusicbecamepopularrighthereinthesouthofAmericainthe1940sandthenspreadacrossthenation.原来乡村音乐在20世纪40年代就在美国南部这里流行起来然后传遍全国。4.see＋宾语＋宾补Beforehim,hesawaseaofpeopleallstanding,clapping,andwavingtheirhatsandhandkerchiefstoexpresstheirappreciationofhismasterwork.他看见眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的挥舞帽子和手帕，表达着他们对这部杰作的赞赏。5.bythetime引导时间状语从句Bythetimehewasateenager,hehadalreadyenjoyedareputationasawonderfulyoungmusician.他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。6.so...that...Hewassoupsetthat,atfirst,hewantedtokeepitasecret.他痛苦不堪，以至于起初只想尽量隐瞒。7.it作形式主语AlthoughBeethovenwasabletocontinueposingmusic,itbecameincreasinglydifficultforhimtoperforminpublic.尽管贝多芬还可以继续作曲,但公开演出对于他而言越来越艰难了。8.when引导省略句Whenposingmusicatthepiano,hewouldputoneendofapencilinhismouthandplacetheotherendagainsttheinstrumentsothathecouldfeelthenotes.在钢琴上作曲时,他将铅笔的一端含在嘴里,另一端顶住钢琴,这样就能感受到音符。语法1.动词ing形式作主语2.动词ing形式作宾语一、词汇清单知识点1posevt.&vi.作曲;组成;撰写;使镇静【教材原句】Lastnight,IwatchedaperformanceofButterflyLovers,abeautifulviolinconcertoposedbyHeZhanhaoandChenGang.昨晚,我看了何占豪和陈钢创作的动人的小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》的演出。(教材p16)【拓展】(1)beposedof由……构成;由……组成beposedby 由……创作poseoneself 使某人镇静(2)poser n.作曲家(3)position n.成分,作品;作曲;作文【巧学助记】表示“由……组成”的短语beposedof,bemadeupof,consistof,beprisedof【写作佳句】Ourclassisposedof20boysand15girls.我们班由20个男生和15个女生组成。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Asaposer(pose),heprovedhimselftobeexpertatlargedramaticforms.2.Mozart’spositions(pose)areundoubtedlyamongtheworld’sgreatest.完成句子3.她的声音嘶哑了,但随着谈话继续进行,她设法使自己镇静下来。Hervoicecrackedbutshemanagedtoposeherselfastheconversationcontinued.

知识点2deservevt.值得,应得【教材原句】It'sapiecethatreallydeservestobeheard.这首乐曲真的值得一听。(教材p16)【拓展】deservetodosth.应该做某事;值得做某事deservetobedone=deservedoing……值得被做deserveconsideration/attention值得考虑/注意【名师点津】deservetobedone与deservedoing的意义相同,即可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,类似的词还有need,require等。【写作佳句】Sheiswidelyacknowledgedtobethemostresponsibleandconsiderateteacherinourschool,soshedeservesrespect/toberespected/respecting.她被公认为是我们学校最负责任、最体贴的老师，所以她值得尊敬。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Thesepeopledeservetogetmorethantheminimumwage.

这些人应该得到比最低工资更多的报酬。一句多译2.我认为任何好的建议都值得考虑。→Ithinkanygoodsuggestiondeservestobeconsidered.

→Ithinkanygoodsuggestiondeservesconsidering.

→Ithinkanygoodsuggestiondeservesconsideration.

知识点3whispervi.&vt.低语，耳语；私下说；沙沙作响n.低语；轻柔的声音；传言【教材原句】Whenthetwolovers,LiangShanboandZhuYingtai,firstmeet,themusicislightandpleasant,asifwhisperingtotheaudience.梁山伯和祝英台初次见面时，音乐轻快悦耳，仿佛在向观众耳语。(教材p16)【拓展】whisperinone'sear在某人耳边低语sb.that...sb.that...对某人耳语……It'swhisperedthat...有人私下说……【写作佳句】Hewhisperedtomethathewasafraidofthedog.

他低声对我说他害怕那只狗。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Itiswhisperedthathehassavedenoughmoneytobuyanapartmentforhisson.2.Hetoldmethenewsinawhisperforfearthatotherscouldhearit.完成句子3.有人私下说他要出国留学。It'swhisperedthathe'llstudyabroad.知识点4relyon依赖，依靠；信任，信赖(＝dependon)【教材原句】Myhostfamilyarebigfansofcountrymusic,soIcanalwaysrelyonthemtointroducemetosomegreatsongs.我的寄宿家庭是乡村音乐的超级粉丝，所以我总是可以依靠他们介绍一些好歌曲给我听。(教材p17)【拓展】relyonsb./sth./doing/todosth.指望某人/某物做某事relyonitthat...依靠/信赖/指望……【写作佳句】Johnisveryreliable—ifhepromisestodosomething,hewilldoit,soyoucanrelyonhimtohelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.约翰非常可靠——如果他承诺要做些什么，他就会去做，这样当你遇到麻烦时，你就可以依靠他来帮助你。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Youmayrelyonitthattheworkwillbefinishedaheadoftime.2.Manypeoplenowwouldrelyonsurfing(surf)theInternetratherthanreadnewspaperfornews.3.Nowadaysparentshavedoneeverythingfortheirsinglechildren,whichmakesthechildrenrelyontheirparentsbadly.句型转换4.Werelyonhisfinishingtheworktoday.→Werelyonhimtofinishtheworktoday.→Werelyonitthathewillfinishtheworktoday.知识点5surroundingsn.周围，环境【教材原句】Thesimpletunesandbeautifulnaturalimagesareoftenverysuggestiveofcountrysidesurroundings.简单的曲调和优美的自然意象常常让人联想到乡村的环境。(教材p17)【拓展】(1)surroundingadj.附近的，周围的(2)surroundvt.围绕；包围surround...with...用……包围……besurroundedby/with...被……包围/环绕surroundoneselfwith和……在一起，与……为伍【写作佳句】Surroundedbygreentrees,thefarmissituatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Surrounded(surround)bymanystrangers,shelookedshyandembarrassed.2.Determiningwhereweareaccordingtooursurroundings(surrounding)remainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.完成句子3.和那些能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是非常重要的。It'sextremelyimportantto

surroundyourselfwithpeople

whowillprovideyouwiththeproperemotionalsupport.知识点6guaranteevt.保证；担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修n.保证，担保；保修单；抵押品【教材原句】Iguaranteeyou'llenjoyit!我保证你会喜欢的！(教材p17)【拓展】(1)guaranteeeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb.sth./sth.tosb.保证某人某事,sb.against/from...保证某人免于……,todosth.保证做某事,that从句保证……))beguaranteedtodosth.必定做某事(2)underguarantee在保修期内givesb.aguarantee(that...)向某人保证(……)aguaranteeof……的保证[名师点津]guarantee如果用于表示“保证某人做……”，不能用guaranteesb.todo...，只能用guaranteetodo...或guaranteethat...【写作佳句】Perseveranceanddiligencewillguaranteethatyouwillbeegoodatwhateveryoudo.毅力和勤奋将保证你无论做什么都会做得很好。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Iguaranteetofinish(finish)offmypaperontime,nomatterwhathappens.2.Thiskindofbehaviourisguaranteedtomake(make)himangry.3.Thecarisstillunderguarantee,soyoushouldbeabletogetitrepairedfreeofcharge.句型转换4.Weguaranteetodeliverthegoodsinoneweek.→Weguaranteethatwewilldeliverthegoodsinoneweek.(guaranteev.)→Wegiveaguaranteethatwewilldeliverthegoodsinoneweek.(guaranteen.)知识点7adaptationn.改编本，改写本；适应【教材原句】Themusicalpiece,anadaptationofXianXinghai'sYellowRiverCantata.这首乐曲是冼星海的《黄河大合唱》的改编本。(教材p19)【拓展】(1)adaptvt.使适应；改编vi.适应adapt(oneself)to使……适应于……，适应(to是介词)adaptsth.forsth.改编……为……adaptsth.from根据……改编某物beadaptedfrom由……而改编(2)adaptableadj.能适应的；可修改的[名师点津]adapt的形近词为adopt,其意为“采纳，采用，收养”。【写作佳句】Themovieisadaptedfromarealstory.

这部电影改编自一个真实的故事。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Whenyougotoanewcountry,youmustadaptyourselftonewmannersandcustoms.2.ThefilmwasadaptedfromoneofTom'snovels.3.Iholdthefirmbeliefthatshewilldealwiththechangesverywell,becausesheisveryadaptable(adapt).完成句子4.编剧帮助他将其所著小说改编成电影。Thescriptwriterhelpedhimtoadapthisnovelforthescreen.知识点8defendvi.&vt.保护,防御;辩白,辩解【教材原句】TheSongoftheYellowRiverBoatmen”,“OdetotheYellowRiver”,“TheYellowRiverinAnger”,and“DefendtheYellowRiver”.《黄河船夫之歌》、《黄河颂》、《愤怒的黄河》、《保卫黄河》。(教材p19)【拓展】(1)defend...from/against 保护……以免受defendoneself 为自己辩护;自卫(2)defence n.防御;保卫indefenceof 为了保卫……【写作佳句】Themonumentisinmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedindefenceoftheircountry这座纪念碑是为了纪念为保卫国家而牺牲的士兵。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Shepickedupastickfromthegroundtodefendherself(her)againsttherobber.2.Ihavetosayinherdefence(defend)thatsheknewnothingaboutitbefore.完成句子3.中国人民解放军有能力保卫祖国的领土不受侵犯。TheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmyiscapableofdefendingtheterritoryofourmotherlandfrom/againstbeinginvaded.知识点9greetvt.问候,欢迎,招呼【教材原句】Themusicwasintendedasauniversallanguagetogreetintelligentlifeinspaceifany.这种音乐的目的是作为一种通用语言来问候太空中的智慧生命。(教材p21)【拓展】(1)greetsb.(with...)(用……)和某人打招呼(或问好);欢迎;迎接greetsth.withsth. 对某事做出某种反应begreetedwith 受到……的对待、接待begreetedby 被……迎接;受……欢迎;……映入眼帘(2)greeting n.问候,欢迎,招呼exchangegreetings 互致问候【写作佳句】Althoughshewasstillweakafterherillness,shegreetedalltheguestswarmly.尽管她病后仍然很虚弱，但她热情地迎接了所有的客人。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Theyexchangedgreetings(greet)andsatdowntolunch.2.Iwillgreetthisdaywithloveinmyheart.完成句子3.这个提议很有可能在小区居民中得到热烈响应。Itisverylikelythatthesuggestionwillbegreetedenthusiasticallyamongtheresidentsintheneighbourhood.知识点10suitableadj.合适的,适宜的,适当的,适用的【教材原句】Agroupofscientistsandartistsgotdowntochoosingsuitablemusic.一群科学家和艺术家开始选择合适的音乐。(教材p21)【拓展】(1)besuitablefor...适合……besuitabletodosth. 适合做某事(2)suit vt.对……合适;合身vi.合适,相称n.一套衣服,套装suitsth.tosb./sth. 使某事适合于某人/物(3)suited adj.合适的;般配的besuitedto... 适合于……【写作佳句】ItissuitabletocarrysomefruitwhenyougotoyourChinesefriend’shomefordinner.当你去中国朋友家吃饭时,带着些水果是合适的。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Idon’thaveanythingsuitable(suit)towearfortheparty.2.Thisdietissuitedtoanyonewhowantstoloseweightfast.完成句子3.我不知道我是否适合这份工作。Idon’tknowwhetherIamsuitableforthejobornot.

知识点11consistof由……组成(或构成)【教材原句】Itconsistsoffourmovements.它由四个乐章组成。(教材p19)【拓展】(1)consistof=bemadeupof=beposedof由……组成(2)consistin=liein 存在于……;在于……consistwith 一致;符合(3)consistent adj.相容的;一致的beconsistentwith 和……一致/相符[名师点津]consistof与consistin不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。consistof可以与bemadeupof互换。【写作佳句】Eachgroupconsistsof/ismadeupof/isprisedofeightstudentsinthisactivity.在这次活动中，每个小组由8名学生组成。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Ourgreatesthappinessconsistsinservingthepeople.2.GreatBritainconsistsofthreemainparts—England,Scotland,andWales.3.Theresultsareentirelyconsistent(consist)withourearlierresearch.一句多译4.这个电影由两部分组成,它介绍了我们学校的现状。→Thefilm,consistingof/madeupof/posedoftwoparts,introducesthepresentsituationofourschool.

→Thefilm,whichconsistsof/ismadeupof/isposedoftwoparts,introducesthepresentsituationofourschool.

知识点12getdownto(doing)sth.开始做某事,开始认真注意(或对待)某事【教材原句】Agroupofscientistsandartistsgotdowntochoosingsuitablemusic.一群科学家和艺术家开始选择合适的音乐。(教材p21)【拓展】getaccustomed/usedto习惯于……getalongwith 与……相处getridof 除去,去掉getreadyfor 为……做好准备getoutof 由……出来,从……得出getawaywith 侥幸成功,侥幸逃脱getin 进入;收获getover 克服;恢复【名师点津】getdownto中的to是介词,后面一般跟名词或动词ing形式。【写作佳句】Shehadpiledpagesofnotes,butshehadnotyetgottendowntodoingtheactualwriting.她已编写了多页笔记,但她还没有开始实际的写作。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Theoldmanhasgotaccustomedtoliving(live)inthecity.2.Howareyougettingalongwithyourworkrecently?3.Ifwegetoverthepresentdifficulties,theneverythingshouldbeallright.4.Tryyourbesttogetridofyourbadhabitsandyou’llbenefitalotfromit.5.他们已准备好盛宴来迎接贵宾。Theyhavegotreadyforthefeasttogreetthedistinguishedguests.

知识点13remarkableadj.非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的【教材原句】SymphonyNo.9wasBeethoven'slastmajorpieceofmusicinavastbodyofworkswrittenthroughouthisremarkablelife.《第九交响曲》是贝多芬一生中创作的大量作品中最后一部主要作品。(教材p25)【拓展】(1)beremarkablefor＝beknown/famousfor因……而著名(2)remarkvt.&vi.说起，谈到；谈论，评论；察觉n.谈论，评论remarkthat...评论……remarkon/uponsth./sb.就某事/某人发表评论(3)makearemarkon/about就……发表意见；对……品头论足【写作佳句】Thepaintingwillbealastingmemorialtoaremarkablewoman.这幅画将成为对一位杰出女性的永久纪念。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Theyareremarkingon/upontheprosperouslookofthecountryside.2.Shesawaslowbutremarkable(remark)improvementinherclassroomperformancelastyear.3.Theauthormanagedtogettheboytotalktoherbyavoidingmakingcriticalremarks(remark).同义句转换4.It'sbadmannerstoremarkontheappearanceofothers.→It'sbadmannerstomakearemarkon/abouttheappearanceofothers.5.Asweallknow,Chinaisfamousforitslonghistory.→Asweallknow,Chinaisremarkableforitslonghistory.知识点14upsetadj.难过的，失望的vt.使烦恼；搅乱；打翻【教材原句】Hewassoupsetthat,atfirst,hewantedtokeepitasecret.一开始，他很难过，他想保密。(教材p25)【拓展】(1)beupsetabout/by/atsth.为某事烦心beupsetthat...苦恼于……(2)Itupset(s)sb.that.../todosth.让某人不安的是……/做……让某人不安【注意】upset只作表语，不作定语。【写作佳句】Althoughwehadmadefullpreparations,Susan’sarrivalstillupsetourplan.尽管我们做了充分的准备,Susan的到来还是打乱了我们的计划。【经典练】单句语法填空①Therelativeswereupsettohear(hear)thatthenewcouplewouldbeapartfornoreason.②Jennywasupsetthatherfriendhadleftwithoutleavingaword.③Youwillreturntoyourcountrysoonandthatmakesmeupset.→Iamupsetthatyouwillreturntoyourcountrysoon.(用that宾语从句改写)→Whatupsetsmeisthatyouwillreturntoyourcountrysoon.(用what主语从句改写)→Itupsetsmethatyouwillreturntoyourcountrysoon.(用it作形式主语改写)知识点15possessvt.具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制【教材原句】...asensewhichIoncepossessedinthegreatestperfection...……这是我曾经拥有的最完美的感觉……(教材p26)【拓展】(1)takepossessionof拥有inpossessionof拥有；占有inthepossessionof/inone'spossession由……拥有(2)possessv.拥有；具有；支配注意(1)possess表示“拥有；具有”时，不用于进行时。(2)possession常用复数形式表示“财产；所有物”。(3)inpossessionof表示主动，其主语通常是人；inthepossessionof表示被动，其主语通常是物。【写作佳句】Manypeoplehopeto

possess

greatwealth,butasamatteroffact,

itishealththat

reallycounts.许多人都希望拥有巨大的财富，但事实上，健康才是真正重要的。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Wecan'ttakepossession(possess)ofthehouseuntilallthepapershavebeensigned.2.Heispossessedofthegarage.完成句子3.Thosebuildingsarenowinthepossessionofourschool.→Ourschoolisnowinpossessionofthosebuildings.知识点16abandonvt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃n.放纵，任性【教材原句】Eveninhisdarkestmoments,however,Beethovenneverabandonedhope.然而，即使在他最黑暗的时刻，贝多芬也从未放弃希望。(教材p26)【拓展】(1)abandondoingsth.放弃做某事abandononeselfto纵情于；沉溺于(2)abandonn.尽情；放纵withabandon放任地；放纵地(3)abandonedadj.被遗弃的，抛弃的；自我放任的【写作佳句】Wesang,danced,andlaughedwithabandon,forgettingthetroublesinourlives.我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。【经典练】单句语法填空1.Manyyoungpeopledecidedtoabandonbuying(buy)housesinbigcitiesbecauseofthehighprice.2.Theysawtheabandoned(abandon)vehicleandknewhehadmanagedtofleeonfoot.3.Theydancedwildlydownthestreet,abandoningthemselves(them)tothenightandthemoon.句式升级4.Iabandonedmyselftoputergames.Iperformedextremelybadlyintheendoftermexaminationandupsetmyparents.→Abandoningmyselftoputergames,Iperformedextremelybadlyintheendoftermexaminationandupsetmyparents.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)→Abandonedtoputergames,Iperformedextremelybadlyintheendoftermexaminationandupsetmyparents.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)二、语法清单动词ing形式作主语和宾语【感知·语法规律】观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能:1.Playingtheqinwashislife.(主语)2.Heplayedsowellthateveryoneenjoyedlisteningtohismusicandthoughthighlyofhistechniques.(宾语)3.Boyadidnotsayanythingbeforeplayingtheqin,yetZhongZiqiwasabletopaintapictureofgreatmountainrangesinhismind.(宾语)4.WhenBoyacontinuedplaying,ZhongZiqisaidhehadheardthesoundofariverflowingquickly.(宾语)5.HavingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusicpleasedBoya,whonevergottiredofsharinghismusicwithZhongZiqi.(主语)6.Thetwosoonbecamegreatfriendsandbeforegoingtheirseparateways,theyagreedtomeetattheMidAutumnFestivalthenextyear.(宾语)【精讲·语法知识】一.动词ing形式作主语(doing/beingdone作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)(1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。Playingcellphonegamesishisfavourite.玩手机游戏是他的最爱。Beinglaughedatinpublicmademeembarrassed.当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsth.结构中。Itisnousetryingtopersuadesuchastubbornperson.想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。Itisnopleasurebeingblamedinthefaceofotherstudents.当着其他同学的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的。【经典练】一、单句语法填空1.Psychologyresearchsuggests________(wait)forthingsactuallymakesushappierinthelongrun.【答案】waiting【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：心理学研究表明，从长远来看，等待实际上会让我们更快乐。suggests意为“表明”，后接的是省略连接词的宾语从句，空处和空后的forthings搭配，作句子的主语，是非谓语，且主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作，因此应用wait的动名词形式。故填waiting。2.Ifyoursupermarketsellslooseproduce,then________(buy)smallerquantitiesiseasier.【答案】buying【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你的超市出售散装农产品，那么购买少量的农产品会更容易。分析句子结构可知，逗号前是if引导的条件状语从句，逗号后为主句，主句中缺少主语，应用buy的动名词形式。故填buying。3.________(spend)timetogetherinthegardencanbeagreatwaytoexerciseandhavefunwithyourpet.【答案】Spending【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在花园里一起度过时光是一种很好的锻炼方式，同时也能和你的宠物一起享受乐趣。句中已有谓语canbe且此处与谓语之间无连词连接，故设空处为非谓语动词；句中缺少主语，用动名词。设空处位于句首首字母需大写。故填Spending。4.________(decorate)homeswithredlanternsandcoupletsaddsavividandwarmtouchtotheSpringFestivalatmosphere.【答案】Decorating【详解】考查动名词。句意：用红灯笼和对联装饰房屋为春节氛围增添了生动而温暖的感觉。“(decorate)homeswithredlanternsandcouplets”在句中作主语，用动名词decorating作主语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Decorating。5.Studyinghard________(be)notalwaysfun,butI’llbewellpreparedforuniversityorwhateverelseesinthefuture.【答案】is【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：努力学习并不总是有趣的，但我会为大学或未来出现的任何事情做好充分准备。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。二、完成句子6.Whatmattersmostistokeepapositiveattitude.(改写为简单句或其他句式)________________________________________________________________【答案】Keepingapositiveattitudemattersmost.【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最重要的是保持积极的态度。题干要求改写为简单句或其他句式，可将“保持积极的态度”作为句子主语，使用动名词形式作主语，matter作谓语，原句使用一般现在时，时态不变，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式matters，most不变。故答案为Keepingapositiveattitudemattersmost.7.Howweshoulddealwiththepollutionproblemisaseriousquestion.(改写为简单句或其他句式)________________________________________________________________【答案】Dealingwiththepollutionproblemisaseriousquestion.【详解】考查句型转换。句意：我们应该如何处理污染问题是一个严重的问题。原句为含主语从句的主从复合句，可以将主语从句“Howweshoulddealwiththepollutionproblem”简化为动名词短语“Dealingwiththepollutionproblem”作主语，原句的系表结构保持不变。故填Dealingwiththepollutionproblemisaseriousquestion.8.Itisareallybigchallengetogofromjuniorschooltoseniorschool.(改为ving作主语)________________toseniorschoolisareallybigchallenge.【答案】Goingfromjuniorschool【详解】考查动名词短语作主语。句意：从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战。由句意及空处所在的句子结构及空后的toseniorschoolisareallybigchallenge可知空处作主语，原句中的动词不定式togofromjuniorschooltoseniorschool为真正的主语，句首It是形式主语，所以空处应填动名词形式Goingfromjuniorschool，作句子主语。故答案为Goingfromjuniorschool。9.Findoutwhyyoumadethemistakes.Thiswillhelpyouavoidthesamemistakesandenableyoutowritebetter.(用动名词短语作主语合并)________________________________________________________________【答案】Findingoutwhyyoumadethemistakeswillhelpyouavoidthesamemistakesandenableyoutowritebetter.【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：找出你犯错误的原因将帮助你避免同样的错误，并使你写得更好。根据句意可知，第二句话中this指代上文一整句话，第一句话为祈使句，可以把动词Find变成动名词Finding，第一句话变成Findingoutwhyyoumadethemistakes，作第二句话主语。故答案为Findingoutwhyyoumadethemistakeswillhelpyouavoidthesamemistakesandenableyoutowritebetter.10.Itisextremelycriticaltodevelopagoodhabitofreading.(改为动名词做主语)________________________________________________________________【答案】Developingagoodhabitofreadingisextremelycritical.【详解】考查动名词做主语。句意：养成良好的阅读习惯是极其重要的。原句“Itisextremelycriticaltodevelopagoodhabitofreading”中it作形式主语，不定式短语“todevelopagoodhabitofreading”作真正主语，要改为动名词做主语，可直接将“developagoodhabitofreading”这一动作转换为动名词形式“developingagoodhabitofreading”，置于句首作主语，原形式主语it删除；句首单词首字母大写。故填：Developingagoodhabitofreadingisextremelycritical.二.动词ing形式作宾语(doing/beingdone作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)(1)动词ing形式可以作介词的宾语IhelpMumoutbydoingthehouseworkthatIcando.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。注意：以下短语中to都是介词beusedtodoing习惯于objectto反对devoteoneselfto致力于stickto坚持payattentionto注意lookforwardto期盼adaptto适应adjustto使适应于owe...to归咎于beaddictedto对……上瘾(2)动词ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语，只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词有：mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，postpone(推迟)，permit(允许)，suggest(建议)，stand(bear，tolerate)(忍受)，consider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avoid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，remend(建议)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认)Thethiefkeptrunningtoavoid/escapebeingcaughtbythepolice.小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。【经典练】一、单句语法填空1.Somepeopleoppose________(use)DNAdetectivestoidentifycriminalsorrelationshipsbetweenpeople.【答案】using【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人反对使用DNA侦探来识别罪犯或人与人之间的关系。opposedoingsth.为固定短语，意为“反对做某事”，所以空处应用use的动名词形式作宾语。故填using。2.Irealisedthatbytryingsomethingnew,Icanhavefun—evenifitmeans________(step)outofmyfortzone.【答案】stepping【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我意识到，通过尝试新事物，我可以获得乐趣——即使这意味着要走出我的舒适区。meandoingsth.是固定搭配，意为“意味着做某事”，所以此处应用step的动名词形式stepping作宾语。故填stepping。3.Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarketsstarted________(sell)chickenorsaladinpacksdesignedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).【答案】selling/tosell【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始出售设计成两半的包装来分别装独立份量的鸡肉和沙拉。startdoing/todosth.是固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”，故填selling/tosell。4.Therewasadelayoftwohoursbeforetheplanetookoff.Therefore,wehadtodelay________(hold)themeetinguntilthreeo’clockintheafternoon.Afterthat,theplanwouldbecarriedout________delay.Ifnot,wemightbeunabletofinishthetaskintime.【答案】holding;without【详解】考查动名词和固定短语。句意：飞机起飞前延误了两个小时。因此，我们不得不把会议推迟到下午三点。在那之后，计划将立即执行。否则，我们可能无法及时完成任务。分析句子可知，该句第一空“delaydoingsth.”是固定搭配，意为“推迟做某事”，故此处用动名词“holding”作宾语。该句第二空，根据上下文句意，此处表达“毫无拖延地执行计划”，“withoutdelay”是固定短语，意为“立即；毫不拖延地”，符合语境。故答案分别填holding；without。5.Theordinarymanmadea________(contribute)tocharity,whichcontributedtosomepoorchildren

________(attend)school.【答案】contribution;attending【详解】考查名词和动名词。句意：这个普通人向慈善机构做出了贡献，这使得一些贫困儿童能够上学。makea后需接名词，构成固定短语。contribute为动词，意思是“贡献”，其名词形式是contribution。makeacontributionto...是常用表达，意为“对……作出贡献”，所以第一空应填contribution。whichcontributedto中to为介词，介词后若接动词，要用动词的ing形式。attend的ing形式是attending。故填contribution；attending。二、完成句子6.Hebegantoseizethechancetoimprovehisnewbicycle.(用词组setabout升级句中的beganto)He________________________hisnewbicycle.【答案】setaboutseizingthechancetoimprove【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他开始抓住机会来改善他的新式自行车。试题要求用setabout升级beganto，升级后应与原句保持时态上的一致，用一般过去时。setabout为固定短语，意为“开始做某事”，其后接动词时，应用动名词形式作宾语，即setaboutdoingsth.；原句中seize为动词原形，此处需变为动名词形式seizing。故填setaboutseizingthechancetoimprove。7.Lucasstillattendedthelecturethoughhewasill.(同义句转换)Lucasstillattendedthelecture________________________.【答案】despitebeingill【详解】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意：Lucas虽然病了，但还是去听了讲座。原句是though引导的让步状语从句，表“虽然，尽管”，可使用介词despite替换，后接动名词作宾语，故填①despite；②being；③ill。8.Weallenvyyourgoodhealth.→Weallenvy________________________.→Weallenvyyou________________________.→Yourgoodhealth________________________all.【答案】youyourgoodhealth;havinggoodhealth;istheenvyofus【详解】①考查双宾语结构。原句“Weallenvyyourgoodhealth.”中，动词envy可接双宾语(直接宾语+间接宾语)，即“envysb.sth.”，故改写为Weallenvyyouyourgoodhealth.，其中you是间接宾语，yourgoodhealth是直接宾语，语义与原句一致。故答案为：youyourgoodhealth。②考查动名词作宾语。动词envy也可接“sb.+doingsth.”结构，表示“羡慕某人做某事”，故改写为Weallenvyyouhavinggoodhealth.，其中havinggoodhealth是动名词短语作宾语，强