【英语】高考英语高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)

【英语】高考英语高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Whenhospitalstaffareinfullscrubs(手术衣),theirfacesarealmostcompletelycoveredbytheircapsandfacemasks,andwecanonlyseetheireyesandeyebrows.Inordertosolvetheproblem,adoctorinSydney,Australia,calledRobHackettlaunchedacampaignnamed"Theatre(手术室)CapChallenge"-encouragehospitalstaffstowritetheir'namesandrolesontheircaps.Atfirst,hiscolleaguesdidn'ttakeitseriously.However,withtimegoingon,ithasbeenadoptedaroundtheworldwithstudiesfromtheUSandUKreportinghowthissimpleideacandecreasehumanerrorsinhealthcare.

"Iwenttoatheatrewheretherewereabout20doctorsandnursesintheroom,"Dr.RobHackettsaid."IstruggledtoevenasktobepassedsomeglovesbecausethepersonIwaspointingtothoughtIwaspointingtothepersonbehindthem,becauseIdon'tknowtheirnames."saidRob.Asweallknow,doctorsareastressfulprofession.Whenfacedwithlifeanddeath,theyneedtosavethepatient'slifeforasecond.Atthemoment,effectivecommunicationsareimportant.

"The'TheatreCapChallenge'isinresponsetoconcernsabouthoweasilyavoidablemistakesandpoorcommunicationarecontributingtorisingharmfuleventsforourpatients."saidRob."Weneedtodevelopsystemswhichreducemistakesandmisunderstandingwithoutcausingharm.Forthistohappen,weneedtoleteveryoneknowwe'rehuman."headdedOntheotherhand,fromthepatients'viewpoint,capswithnamesonthemcanmakepatientsmoreunworried.Wheneveryoneappearsthesame,itisextremelydifficulttodistinguishwhoiswho.Knowingthemrelaxed.（1）Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A.

Hospitalstaffareaskedtocovertheirfacesinhospitals.B.

Robisinfavorofwritingnamesandrolesoncaps.C.

Robwantedtobeaprofessionaldoctor.D.

Rob'sideacanincreasehumanerrorsinhealthcare.（2）Whatcanweknowaboutthe"TheatreCapChallenge"fromthetext?A.

Itcanmakethecapsmorefashionable.B.

Itisstronglyopposedtobyallthedoctorsandnurses.C.

Itaimstoavoidmistakesandpoorcommunication.D.

Itcanhelppeoplepasssomeglovesinatheatre.（3）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"werehuman"underlinedinparagraph3?A.

We'regenerous.

B.

We'renegative.

C.

We'resatisfied.

D.

We'rekind.（4）What'sthepatients'attitudetowardsthecampaign?A.

Supportive

B.

Disapproving

C.

Doubtful

D.

Uncaring【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在手术室里，医生和护士都戴着手术帽和口罩，只露出眼睛和眉毛，这让周围的人认不出他们，导致在交流过程中产生误会。于是，一位澳大利亚的医生Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位，这一想法逐渐得到了全世界很多国家的认可。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Inordertosolvetheproblem,adoctorinSydney,Australia,calledRobHackettlaunchedacampaignname‘"Theatre(手术室)CapChallenge’-encouragehospitalstaffstowritetheir'namesandrolesontheircaps.”Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位，由此可知他是支持这一想法的。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的例子和第三段中的"The'TheatreCapChallenge'isinresponsetoconcernsabouthoweasilyavoidablemistakesandpoorcommunicationarecontributingtorisingharmfuleventsforourpatients."可知，TheatreCapchallenge活动是为了应对不断增加的病患相关不良事件，而这些事件常是由一些很容易避免的错误和沟通障碍引起的。所以这项活动目的是尽量避免错误和交流中的误解。故选C。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“

Weneedtodevelopsystemswhichreducemistakesandmisunderstandingwithoutcausingharm.”可知,他们想建立一种在不造成伤害的情况下尽可能减少错误和误解的系统，而要达到这个目的，首先要让每个人知道医生是人类，是有人情味的。只有病人也感觉到医生的善良，才能减少病患之间的误解。故选D。（4）考查观点态度。全文最后三句是站在患者角度阐述这个活动的意义。从其中的"unworried（不担心的，不着急的）"和"relaxed（松懈的，放松的）"两个词可以知道，这个活动能让病人心情放松，病人对这一做法是很支持的。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读理解

Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe"taught"byadigitalteacher.Beforeyoustartimaginingahuman-likerobotwalkingaroundtheclassroom,Willisjustanavatarthatappearsonthestudent'sdesktop,orsmartphonescreen,whenorderedtocome.

Theautonomousanimationplatformhasbeenmodeledafterthehumanbrainandnervoussystem,allowingittoshowhuman-likebehavior.ThedigitalteacherisassignedtoteachVector's"Besustainablewithenergy"—afreeprogramforAucklandelementaryschools.

Justlikethehumansitreplaced,Willisabletoinstantlyreacttothestudents'responsestothetopic.Thankstoawebcamandmicrophone,theavatarnotonlyrespondstoquestionsthekidsmayhave,butalsopicksupnon-verbalcues.Forinstance,ifastudentsmilesatWill,herespondsbysmilingback.Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.

NikhilRavishankarbelievesthatWill-likeavatarscouldbeanovelwaytocatchtheattentionofthenextgeneration.Hesays,“Ihavealotofhopeinthistechnologyasameanstodelivercost-effective,rich,educationalexperienceinthefuture.”

Theprogram,inplacesinceAugust2018,hasbeenagreatsuccessthusfar.Ravishankarsays,"WhatwasfascinatingtomewasthereactionofthechildrentoWill.Thewaytheylookattheworldissocreativeanddifferent,andWillreallycapturedtheirattention."However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.（1）WhatwasspecialforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland?A.

Adigitalteachertaughtthem.

B.

Theyfirstsawsomethingdigital.C.

Thiswasthestartofanewschoolyear.

D.

Theycouldgetclosetosmartphonescreen.（2）Whatisthebenefitofthistwo-wayinteraction?A.

Itcansmileback.

B.

Itcanusemicrophone.C.

Itcantalkanytopicforfree.

D.

Itcanchangeifnecessary.（3）What'sRavishankar'sattitudetoWill'sreplacingHumaneducatorssoon?A.

Optimistic.

B.

Doubtful.

C.

Unclear.

D.

Disapproving.（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

NewHigh-techContributestoEducationB.

TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom.C.

TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacher,aHelptoStudentsD.

NewZealandWillReplaceTeachersinClassrooms【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款智能机器人走进小学课堂，为孩子们讲授能源可持续发展。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知，他们成为世界上第一批由智能机器人老师“教”的孩子。由此可知，特殊之处在于机器人老师教他们。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.”即“这种双向互动不仅有助于吸引学生的注意力，还允许程序的开发人员监视他们的参与度，并在需要时做出更改”，由此可得出，其优势在于需要时，可以做出变化。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.”可知，Ravishankar认为它不会在短期内代替人类教育工作者。故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知，从新学年开始，新西兰奥克兰的小学生将成为世界上第一批被机器人老师教的孩子。之后文章就此展开，由此可推断出heWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom最符合本文的标题。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读理解TheAlexandertechnique

Untilearlierthisyear,Ididn'tknowanythingabouttheAlexandertechnique—andsawnoreasontothinkIshould.Oneday,thebackacheIregularlysufferedwasmorepainful.Iwasbroughtuptothinkthatthepreferredwayofdealingwithachesistodonothingandhopethey'llgoaway,butIeventuallywenttothedoctor.Afterexaminingme,hesaid,"Youactuallyhavebadposture(姿势).GooffandlearntheAlexandertechnique."ThreemonthslaterIcouldwalkstraighterandsitbetter.

TheAlexandertechniqueisawayoflearninghowyoucangetridofharmfultensioninyourbody.Theteachingfocusesontheneck,headandback.Ittrainsyoutouseyourbodylessseverelyandcarryoutthemovementsthatwedoallthetimewithlesseffort.Thereislittleeffortinthelessonsthemselves,whichsetsaparttheAlexandertechniquefromyogaorpilates,whichareexercise-based.Atypicallessoninvolvesstandinginfrontofachairandlearningtositandstandwithminimumeffort.Youspendsometimelyingonabenchwithyourkneesbenttostraightenthespine(脊椎)andrelaxyourbodywhiletheteachermovesyourarmsandlegstotrainyoutomovethemcorrectly.

Thetechniquehelpstobreakthebadhabitsaccumulatedoveryears.Tryfoldingyourarmstheoppositewaytonormal.Thisisanexampleofahabitthebodyhasformedwhichcanbehardtobreak.Manyofuscarryourheadstoofarback.Theheadweighsfourtosixkilos,soanyinappropriateposturecancauseproblemsforthebody.Thetechniqueteachesyoutoletgoofthemusclesholdingtheheadback,allowingittogobacktoitsnaturalplaceonthetopofourspines.

SowhowasAlexanderandhowdidhecomeupwiththetechnique?FrederickAlexander,anAustralianactorbornin1869,foundinhisyouththathehadvocal(声音的)problemsduringperformances.Heanalyzedhimselfandrealizedhisposturewasbad.Heworkedonimprovingit,withexcellentresults.HebroughthistechniquetoLondonandopenedateacher-trainingschool,whichisstillsuccessfultoday.

Soifyou'rewalkingalongtheroadonedaywithshouldersbentforward,feelingweigheddownbyyourtroubles,giveathoughttotheAlexandertechnique.Itwillhelpyouwalktallagain.（1）WhatdoestheauthorsuggestinParagraph1?A.

Shefeltnobetterafterthetreatment.B.

ShegotboredwiththeAlexandertechnique.C.

Shewasscepticalaboutthedoctor'smethod.D.

Shewasunwillingtoseektreatmentforherbackache.（2）WhatistheprincipleoftheAlexandertechnique?A.

Physicaltensionshouldn'tbecompletelyrelieved.B.

Thetechniqueshouldn'tbecombinedwithotherexercises.C.

Thepracticeofthetechniqueshouldn'tbeattemptedalone.D.

Familiarphysicalactionsshouldn'tbedonewithmucheffort.（3）WhatcanwelearnaboutFrederickAlexander?A.

Hemanagedtorecoverhisvocalpowers.B.

Hewaseagertomakeanameforhimself.C.

Hedevelopedaformofexerciseforactors.D.

Hehadtoleavehometodevelophistechnique.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.

Theoccurrenceofbackpainiswidespread.B.

Alexanderimprovedthetechniquetotreatbodypain.C.

TheAlexandertechniquehelpsovercomepostureproblems.D.

Peoplewithbackpainarevictimsofinappropriatepostures.【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Iwasbroughtuptothinkthatthepreferredwayofdealingwithachesistodonothingandhopethey'llgoaway,butIeventuallywenttothedoctor.”可知，作者从小就被灌输这样的思维，处理疼痛的更好办法就是不做任何事情，希望疼痛自行消失，但是却最终不得不去看医生，故可知，作者看医生都是迫不得已，故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Ittrainsyoutouseyourbodylessseverelyandcarryoutthemovementsthatwedoallthetimewithlesseffort.”可知，亚历山大技巧让你更合理使用身体，用最小的努力来做那些习惯性的动作，故可知，该技巧的原则就是用最小的力来做习惯性的动作，故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“FrederickAlexander,anAustralianactorbornin1869,foundinhisyouththathehadvocal(声音的)problemsduringperformances.Heanalyzedhimselfandrealizedhisposturewasbad.Heworkedonimprovingit,withexcellentresults.”可知，弗雷德里克·亚历山大，一个出身于186年的澳大利亚演员，在年轻的时候声音出了问题。他做了分析，意识到自己的姿势不正确，因此致力于改善姿势，结果很好，故可知，他通过矫正姿势，解决了自己的声音问题，故选A。（4）考查主旨大意。本文介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者，故可知在介绍亚历山大技巧的作用，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读理解

KaitlinWoolleyandAyeletFishbachreportinPsychologicalSciencethatamealtaken"family-style"fromacentralplatecangreatlyimprovetheoutcomeoflaternegotiations.

Havingconductedpreviousresearchin2017revealingthateatingsimilarfoodsledtopeoplefeelingemotionallyclosertooneanother,DrWoolleyandDrFishbachwonderedwhetherthewayinwhichfoodwasservedalsohadapsychologicaleffect.Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity（短缺）andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidaseriesofexperiments.

Forthefirsttesttheyrecruited100pairsofparticipantsfromalocalcafe,noneofwhomkneweachother.Theparticipantswereseatedatatableandfedtortillachipswithsalsa.Halfthepairsweregiventheirownbasketof20gramsofchipsandabowlof25gramsofsalsa,andhalfweregiven40gramsofchipsand50gramsofsalsatoshare.Asacoverfortheexperiment,allparticipantsweretoldthissnackwastobeconsumedbeforethegamebegan.

Thegameaskedtheparticipantstonegotiateanhourlywagerateduringafictionalstrike.Eachpersonwasrandomlyassignedtorepresenttheunionormanagementandfollowasetofrules.

Theresearchersmeasuredcooperationbynotingthenumberofroundsittooktoreachanagreement,andfoundthatthosewhosharedfoodresolvedthestrikesignificantlyfaster（in8.7rounds）thanthosewhodidnot（13.2rounds）.Asimilarexperimentwasconductedwith104participantsandGoldfishcrackers（饼干）,thistimenegotiatinganairline'srouteprices.Theresultsweremuchthesame,withthefood-sharersnegotiatingsuccessfully63.3%ofthetimeandthosewhodidnotsharedoingso42.9%ofthetime.（1）Whatdoesthe"family-style"mealinthereportreferto？A.

Amealtakenathome.

B.

Amealsharedwithothers.C.

Amealconsumedbyoneself.

D.

Amealtakeninafamilyatmosphere.（2）Forwhatpurposedidtheresearcherscarryoutthepresentexperiments?A.

Toshowthewayfoodisserved.B.

Toprovesharingfoodincreasescompetition.C.

Toconfirmsharingfoodcanpromotecooperation.D.

Tofindoutwhethersharingfoodcangetpeoplecloseemotionally.（3）Whywereparticipantsaskedtoeatupthesnackbeforethegame?A.

Toaddtotheirenergy.

B.

Torewardthemfortheirparticipation.C.

Tohidetheintentionoftheexperiment.

D.

Toavoidthedistractionduringthegame.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了外交宴席的心理学

，研究表明，从中间菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后续谈判的结果。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity（短缺）andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.”他们形成了一套理论，认为一方面，与他人一起吃饭可能表明粮食短缺，并加强了竞争的概念。然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。可知family-style指的是与别人一起用餐，故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidaseriesofexperiments.”

然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。出于好奇心，他们做了一系列实验。可知选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Asacoverfortheexperiment,allparticipantsweretoldthissnackwastobeconsumedbeforethegamebegan.”作为实验的掩护，所有受试者都得告在游戏开始前就要吃完这些零食。可知选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。5．犇犇阅读理解

Hackingisn'tjustforcomputersandsmartphones,AccordingtoastudypublishedlastweekinthejournalScience,scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant'sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday,theresultscouldincreasetheamountoffoodproducedaroundtheworld.

Photosynthesis（光合作用）isthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight,water,andcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistswhoconductedthenewstudysaythisisaveryslowprocess.Plantsuselessthan1percentoftheenergyavailabletotherm.Butbyhackingaplant'sgenes,thescientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.

"Specifically,scientistshackedtheplant'sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemisactivatedwhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight,"saidscientistKrishnaNiyogi,co-authorofthestudy.Whentheplantsensesthelight,itgetsridofextraenergyandcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade,theprotectivesystemisturnedoff,buttheprocessisslow.

StephenLongistheleadauthorofthestudy.Hecomparedaplant'sprotectivesystemtolight-adjustingglasses.Whenapersonwearstheglassesoutsideduringtheday,thelenses（镜片）darkenandlightendependingonhowsunnyitis.Plantsdothesamething,hesaid.Butinplantstheadjustmentcantakeanywherefrom10minutestoanhour.Thismakesithardforplantstogettherightamountofsunlightneededtocreatefood.

Thenewstudyspeduptheprocess.Bychangingtheplant'sgenes,theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthintwoplantsincreasedby20percent,whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobaccoplants.Buttheythinkthegeneticchangeswillproducethesameresultsincornandrice.（1）Whatwillhappentotheplantswhenscientistschangeplants'genes？A.

Theywillbecomeweakerandweaker.

B.

Theywillgrowfasttoproducemorefood.C.

Theywillhavemorebeautifulflowers.

D.

Theywilldependlessonsunlight.（2）Whydoestheauthormentionlight-adjustingglasses？A.

Towarnpeopleofthehotandbrightsun.B.

Toexplaintheprincipleofplants'protectivesystem.C.

Tohelpleavesoftheplantsabsorbsunlight.D.

Toservethescienceexperimentsmoothly.（3）Inthefuture,thegeneticchangeswillbeusedto.A.

improvetobaccoplants'quality

B.

increasetobaccoplants'leavesandrootsC.

improvetheflowers'livingtime

D.

increasetheproductionofcornandrice（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbethethemeofthistext？A.

Hackingplantsformoreproduction

B.

LeafgrowingmorequicklyC.

Doubleproductionoftobaccoplants

D.

Photosynthesisandproduction【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家通过改变植物的基因，加快光合作用的速度，使植物叶子生长迅速，从而提高植物产量。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant'sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday,theresultscouldincreasetheamountoffoodproducedaroundtheworld.”可知，科学家发现改变植物基因会使植物的光合作用速度加快，将来会增加全球植物的产量。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Hecomparedaplant'sprotectivesystemtolight-adjustingglasses.Whenapersonwearstheglassesoutsideduringtheday,thelenses（镜片）darkenandlightendependingonhowsunnyitis.Plantsdothesamething,hesaid.Butinplantstheadjustmentcantakeanywherefrom10minutestoanhour.”可知，作者提到镜片是为了说明植物的保护系统的工作原理与镜片相同。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Buttheythinkthegeneticchangeswillproducethesameresultsincornandrice.”但是他们认为基因的改变将在玉米和水稻中产生相同的结果。可知选D。（4）考查主旨大意，根据文章内容可知，科学家改变植物的基因，加快光合作用的速度，使植物叶子生长迅速，从而提高植物产量。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

WhenAndrewKaplanrecalls,hisstoriesleavetheimpressionthathehasmanagedtopackmultiplelivesintoasingleexistence:Awarreporterinhis20s.anarmymember,asuccessfulbusinessmanand-later.theauthorofnumerousspynovelsandHollywoodscripts.

Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome"AndyBot"---avirtualpersonwhowillbe:immortalized(TF5)inthecloudforhundreds,perhapsthousandsofyears

Ifallgoesaccordingtoplanfuturegenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.

Someday,Kaplan,whoplayfullyreferstohimselfasapig,mayberememberedasoneoftheworld'sfirstdigitalhumans.

Fordecades,SiliconValleyfuturistshavesoughttofreehumanityfromthelifecycle.Today,anewgenerationofcompaniesissellingsomeapproximation(近似)ofvirtualimmortality,whichgivespeopletheopportunitytopreserveone'slegacy(遗产)onlineforever.

Kaplaniseagertobecomeoneoftheworld'sfirstvirtualresidents,partlybecauseheconsiderstheeffortawaytoextendclosedfamilybondsovermultiplegenerations.

Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss."AndyBot"maybecomeoneoftheworld'sfirst:meaningfulexamples,raisingcomplexphilosophicalquestionsaboutthenatureofimmortalityandthepurposeofexistenceitself.（1）Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.TohighlightKaplan'sachievements.B.Tointroducethetopic--AndyBot.C.ToarousereadersinterestinKaplan.D.TointroduceKaplan'slife.（2）WhydidAndrewKaplanagreetobecomeAndyBot?A.Hewantedtosharehislifeexperienceaslongaspossible.B.Hewantedtomakehislovedonerememberhim.C.Hebelievedthisactionwillhelpwithhisnovels.D.Hecouldliveinthecloudtocontinuehislife.（3）WhatmighttheAndyBotdoforfuturegenerations?A.Hemayusevoicecomputingplatforms.B.Hemayuseanewbodytogoonliving.C.Hemayoffersomeguidance.D.Hemayaskthemquestions.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Philosophicalproblemscanbeworkedoutbymodernscience.B.Peoplecantalkwiththeirlatefamilymembersfreely.C.Scientistshavemadegreatprogressincomputerscience.D.Thereisstillalongwayfordigitalhumanstogo.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态----数字人。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，当安德鲁·卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：20多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。主要介绍安德鲁·卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome“AndyBot”---avirtualpersonwhowillbe”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome‘AndyBot’...avirtualpersonwhowillbe”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan.futuregenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Comparedwithsolarandwindenergy,whicharebooming,tidal(潮汐的)powerisaloserintheclean-energycompetition.Butifyoudidwanttobuildatidalpowerstation,therearefewbettersitesthanthemouthoftheRiverSevern,inBritain.Itstidalrange,thedifferenceindepthbetweenhighandlowtides,ofaround15metresisamongthelargestintheworld.

Engineersandgovernmentshavebeentoyingwiththeideasinceatleast1925.Butnoneofthesuggestedprojectshasmaterialised.Priceisoneobjection.Astudythoughtthattidalenergymightcostbetween￡216and￡368($306-521)perMWhofelectricityby2025,comparedwith￡58-75forseagoingwindturbines(轮机)and￡55-76forsolarpanels.Environmentalistsalsoworrythatanyplantwouldchangethetides,makinglifeharderforwildlife.

AnengineercalledRodRaineythinkshehasawayaroundbothproblems.Heplanstoreplacetheconventionalturbinesofpreviousplanswithamucholdertechnology.Specifically,heplanstospan(横跨)therivermouthwithalineofwaterwheels.ThisisadesignthatdatesbacktotheearlydaysoftheIndustrialRevolution.Examplescanbefoundfixedtothesidesofoldwatermills(水磨).

Buttherewouldbenothingold-fashionedaboutMrRainey'swheels.Thirtymetreshighandsixtywide,theywouldbemadefromordinarysteel.Twohundredandfiftyofthem,alongwiththesupportingstructures,wouldbefloatedintoplaceandsecuredtotheseabed,creatingaline15kmlong.Together,theycouldsupplypoweratanavengeateof4GW.Thatisaboutasmuchastwobiggishnuclearpowerstationswouldmanage.SubstitutingoneofthewheelswithasetoflockswouldprovideashippingchannelabouttwicethewidthofPanamaCanal,permittingupstreamportssuchasAvonmouthandCardifftocontinueoperating.（1）WhatisspecialaboutthemouthoftheRiverSeven?A.

Thetidalrangethereisabout15meters.B.

Ithasthelargesttidalrangeintheworld.C.

Thetidalpowerstationhasbeenbuiltthere.D.

Itspowerplantmakeslifeharderforwildlife.（2）Whatwaspeople'sinitialattitudetowardstidalpower?A.Opposed.B.Supportive.C.Controversial.D.Doubtful.（3）Whatarethelocksusedfor?A.Support.B.Transportation.C.Securingwheels.D.Producingelectricity.（4）What'sthebesttittleforthetext?A.Raineyinventedturbines.B.Rainey'stidalpowerstation.C.TidalpowerintheRiverSeven.D.Anoldideamightbemadepractical.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，潮汐能发电站虽然计划已久,但由于科学家的担心,很长时间以来都没有得以实现。而名叫RodRainey的工程师最近想到了解决问题的办法,虽然用的是过去的科技,但在轮上做了很大改进,这样在保证海洋生物和环境安全的同时也可大量发电。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Itstidalrange,thedifferenceindepthbetweenhighandlowtides,ofaround15metresisamongthelargestintheworld."它的潮汐差,即最低和最高潮汐的深度差,是大约15米,位居世界首位。可知,the