阅读理解说明文议论文-2023-2024学年高一英语上学期

高一上学期期中考点大串讲

阅读理解说明文+议论文100题

1

（2022秋匕京•高——校考期中）Mostpeoplehavebeentaughtthatlosingweightisamatterofsimplemath.

Cutcalories-specifically3,500calories,andyou511loseapound.Butasitturnsout,expertsarelearningthat

thisdecadesoldstrategyisactuallyprettymisguided."Thisideaof'acalorieinandacalorieout'whenitesto

weightlossisnotonlyoutdated,ifsjustwrong,“saysDr.FatimaCodyStanford,anobesityspecialistatHarvard

MedicalSchool.Thetruthisthatevencarefulcaloriecalculationsdon'talwaysyield（产生）uniformresults.

Howyourbodyburnscaloriesdependonanumberoffactors.Threefactorsaffecthowyourbodyprocesses

（加工、消耗）calories.

Yourgutmicrobiome（肠道微生物）.Trillionsoforganismsliveinyourgut,andtheimportanttypesmay

influencehowmanycaloriesyourbodyabsorbsfromfood.Thismayoccurbecausesometypesoforganismsare

abletobreakdownandusemorecaloriesfromcertainfoodsthanothertypesoforganisms.Researchershave

foundthatpeoplewhoarenaturallythinhavedifferenttypesoforganismslivinginsidethemthanthosewhoare

overweight.

Yourmetabolism（新陈代谢）.Eachbodyhasa“setpoinf,thatgovernsweight,saysDr.Stanford.Thisset

pointreflectsseveralfactors,includingyourgenes,yourenvironment,andyourbehaviors.Aregionatthebaseof

yourbrainstandsguardtokeepyourbodyweightfromdippingbelowthatsetpoint-whichisnotreallyabonus

ifyou'retryingtoloseweight.

Thetypeoffoodyoueat.Yourfoodchoicesmayalsoinfluenceyourcalorieintake,andnotjustbecauseof

theirspecificcaloriecontent.One2019studypublishedinCellMetabolismfoundthateatingprocessedfoods

seemstospurpeopletoeatmorecaloriesparedwitheatingunprocessedfoods.

Ifcountingcaloriesisn'tadependablewaytomanageyourweight,whatcanyoudotoshedextrapounds?

Dr.Stanfordremendsthefollowing.

•Focusondietquality.Whenplanningyourmeals,focusonchoosingunprocessedfoods,includinglean

meats,wholegrains,andlotsoffruitsandvegetablesintheirnaturalform.

•Exerciseregularly.Aimtogetatleast150minutesofmoderateintensityexerciseeachweek.Moderate

exerciseisdoneatalevelwhereyoucantalk,butnotsing.

•Consultaprofessional.CCAlotofpeoplebelieveit'samoralfailingiftheyareunabletoloseweight,“says

Dr.Stanford.Butit'snot.Aswithothermedicalconditions,manypeoplewillneedhelpfromadoctor.Successful

weightlossmayrequiremorethanjustdietandexercise.t6Only2%ofpeoplewhomeetthecriteriafortheuseof

antiobesitymedicationsactuallygetthem.Thismeansthat98%ofpeoplewhocouldbetreatedaren't,"shesays,

“Don'tbeafraidtoseekhelpifyouneedit.”

1.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?

A.Caloriecalculationsalwaysleadtogoodresults.

B.Losingweightliesinlosingcalorie.

C.Theoldtheoryaboutlosingweightiswrong.

D.Ifyoucut7,000calories,youwilllose2pounds.

2.Theprocessingofcaloriesisaffectedbyhowyou

A.focusonthequalityofyourdiet

B.choosethetypesoffoodyouconsume

C.adjustyourbraintothe“setpoint”

D.reducetheorganismslivinginyourgut

3.Theunderlinedword"shed"inParagraph6means"

A.weighB.produceC.loseD.cost

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.ahealthylifestyleiskeytoweightloss

B.losingweightcanbedoubleedged

C.healthyeatingkeepsyoulosingweight

D.cuttingcaloriesisessentialforweightloss

【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了事实证明传统的减肥策略是一种误导，并介绍了燃烧卡路里

的三方面因素及斯坦福博士对减肥的三条建议。

1.推理判断题。根据第一段“Butasitturnsout,expertsarelearningthatthisdecadesoldstrategyisactually

prettymisguided.'"Thisideaof'acalorieinandacalorieout'whenitestoweightlossisnotonlyoutdated,ifs

justwrong/5saysDr.FatimaCodyStanford,anobesityspecialistatHarvardMedicalSchool.（但事实证明，专家

们发现，这种几十年的策略实际上是非常错误的。哈佛医学院肥胖专家法蒂玛・科迪・斯坦福博士说产在减肥

方面，’摄入一卡路里，排出一卡路里’的想法不仅过时，而且是错误的。广从第一自然段我们可以推断出

旧的理论实际上误导了我们，故选C项。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"Threefactorsaffecthowyourbodyprocesses（力口工、消耗）calories.（有三

个因素影响你的身体如何处理卡路里。户及下面列举的三个因素“Yourgutmicrobiome（肠道微生物）（你的

肠道微生物）；“Yourmetabolism（新陈代谢）（你的新陈代谢）；“Thetypeoffoodyoueat.”（你吃的食物类型）；

再结合四个选项可知处理卡路里受你选择食物种类的影响。故选B项。

3.猜测词义题。根据第六段前半句"Ifcountingcaloriesisn'tadependablewaytomanageyourweight,"（如果

计算卡路里不是控制体重的可靠方法）可推知后半句"whatcanyoudotoshedextrapounds?”（那么你能做些

什么来减掉多余的体重呢?），所以shed是减掉的意思，即A.weigh称重量；B.produce产生；C.lose失去，

减掉；D.cost花费，故选C项。

4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段“Dr.Stanfordremendsthefollowing.（斯坦福建议如下博士。）”和最后

三段的三个中心句"Focusondietquality.（注重饮食质量。）"；"Exerciseregularly.（定期锻炼。）"和“Consulta

professional.（请教专业人士。）”可知，文章中暗示健康的生活方式是减肥的关键。故选A项。

2

（2022秋•江苏苏州•高一星海实验中学校考期中）Sendingapackagebackisnoteasy.Repacking,printing

labelsandshippingitbackuptothesellerisanincreasinglyfamiliarexperienceforonlineshoppers.InAmerica

21%ofonlineorders,worthsome$218bn,werereturnedin2021,accordingtotheNationalRetailFederation,up

from18%in2020.Forclothingandshoesitcanreacharound40%.

Theproblemhasitsrootsinthebirthofemerce.Topetewithbricksandmortar（实体的）sellersandmake

consumersfortablewithorderingonline,emercefirmsofferedfreereturns.Consumerscametoexpectit.

Eachstepoftheprocessiscostly.Retailershavetopayforgoodstobepickeduporposted.Processing

returnsislaborintensive（劳动密集型），explainsZacRogerswhoworkedasareturnsmanageratAmazon.A

returnmustbeopenedandsomeonehastodecidewhattodowithit."AworkerinanAmazonwarehousecanpick

30itemsinaminute,butareturncantaketenminutestoprocess,9,saysMr.Rogers.

Onceprocessed,only5%ofthereturnedgoodscanberesoldimmediatelybyretailers.Mostgotoliquidators

atthelowestpricesorarethrownaway.

Onesolutioninvolvesaddingfriction（阻力）.Lastyear,aJapanesefashionbrandbecameoneofthefirst

retailerstochargeasmallfeeforpostedreturns.Otherfirmsaresellingmorerefurbished（翻新的）goodsasa

waytocutlosses.

Startupsaregettinginontheaction.Usingartificialintelligencetohelpretailersdecidewhattodowiththe

returnedgoodsisthebrainchildofthem.HappyReturns,anotherstartup,helpswithlogistics（物流）.Ithas5,000

dropoffpointsforreturnsacrossAmerica,mostlyinchainstores.Thereturnsarecollectedandsentbackto

retailersallatonce,savingupto40%ofpostagecosts.

Someareexperimentingwithvirtualreality（VR）.Overhalfoftheitemsarereturnedbecausetheyarethe

wrongsize.InJuneWalmartsaiditwouldbuyMemomi,anaugmentedreality（AR）startupthatletsshoppers

virtuallytryonglassesinrealtimeforaseamless,easyandfunomnichannelexperience.Walmartalsooffersways

totryonclothesandarrangefurnitureinroomsusingAR.

5.Whydidemercefirmsofferfreereturnsatfirst?

A.Tocutcosts.B.Todeveloplogisticsservice.

C.Topetewithphysicalstores.D.Toshowtheadvantageofshoppingonline.

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheprocessingofreturns?

A.Efficient.B.Automatic

C.Expensive.D.Timeconsuming.

7.HowdidtheJapanesepanytacklethereturnproblem?

A.Bychargingafee.B.Byraisingthepriceofgoods.

C.Bysellingmorereturnedgoods.D.Byusingadvancedtechnologies.

8.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.WalmarthaspioneeredtheuseofAR.

B.Technologyplaysaroleinreducingreturns.

C.VRandARwillbeusedinmoreindustries.

D.Cooperationamongpaniesisimportant.

【答案】5.C6.C7.A8.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了解决网购退货的两种方法。

5.细节理解题。根据第二段一二句"Theproblemhasitsrootsinthebirthofemerce.Topetewith

bricksandmortar（实体的）sellersandmakeconsumersfbrtablewithorderingonline,emercefirmsofferedfree

returns."（这个问题的根源在于电子商务的诞生。为了与实体卖家竞争，并让消费者在网上下单时感到舒

适，电子商务公司提供免费退货服务。）可知，电商刚开始实行免费退货是为了和实体店竞争。故选C。

6.推理判断题。第三段第一句提到“Eachstepoftheprocessiscostly."（这个过程的每一步都是昂贵的。）

且该段提至『'Processingreturnsislaborintensive（劳动密集型）,explainsZacRogerswhoworkedasareturns

manageratAmazon.Areturnmustbeopenedandsomeonehastodecidewhattodowithit.”（曾在亚马逊担任退

货经理的扎克・罗杰斯解释说，退货处理是劳动密集型的。回执必须被打开，必须有人决定如何处理它。）

处理退货的工人还需要十分钟才能解决一个退货申请，因此推断退货的过程是耗时又耗钱的，是昂贵的。

故选c。

7.细节理解题。第五段第二句提到"Lastyear,aJapanesefashionbrandbecameoneofthefirstretailerstocharge

asmallfeeforpostedreturns."（去年，一家日本时装品牌成为首批对退货收取少量费用的零售商之一。）由

此判断，这家日本公司通过抽取一定费用处理退货问题。故选A。

8.推理判断题。最后一段第一句提到的“Someareexperimentingwithvirtualreality（VR）.”（一些公司正在

尝试虚拟现实（VR）。）和“InJuneWalmartsaiditwouldbuyMemomi,anaugmentedreality（AR）startupthatlets

shoppersvirtuallytryonglassesinrealtimeforaseamless,easyandfunomnichannelexperience.Walmartalso

offerswaystotryonclothesandarrangefurnitureinroomsusingAR.（今年6月，沃尔玛表示将收购增强现实

（AR）初创公司Memomi,该公司可以让购物者实时虚拟尝试眼镜，获得无缝、轻松、有趣的全渠道体验。

沃尔玛还提供了使用AR在房间里试穿衣服和安排家具的方法。广可知，该段以沃尔玛为例，提到该公司

可以让购物者尝试虚拟现实眼镜来试穿衣服或者安排家具装饰，这样虚拟现实就能够帮助减少因尺寸不合

适等原因而带来的退货，说明科技的发展在电商退货环节起着非常重要的作用。故选B。

3

（2023春•高一单元测试）Alltypesofmarinelifeareimportant.Seaweed（海藻）andcoralsbothplayvital

rolesinthehealthoftheoceanandthehealthofourmunities.

Howeverinthesamewaythatamountainlion.Whichprovidesavaluableservicebyhuntingdiseasedor

elderlydeer,wouldn,tbehelpinganyoneifittookupresidenceinanofficebuilding.Seaweedlargelyprevents

coralsfromperformingtheirkeyfunctionintheecosystem,justlikethelionwouldpreventanyoftheterrified

officeworkersfromdoingtheirwork.

Thereislongstandingpetitionbetweenseaweedandcoralsandthispetitionhasbeeninfluencedheavilyfor

overacenturybyoverfishingclimatechange,andcoraldiseases,whichresultedincoralsbeingnowtooweakto

petewithseaweed.

Seaweedtoooftenisblockingsunlightfromreachingbabycorals,whilereleasingchemicalsthatprevent

coralsfromreproducingaswellasmakingthemmarclikelytobeattackedbydiseases.

TheresearchersfromFloridaInternationalUniversitysupposedthatifsufficientlydistributed,theCaribbean

kingcrab（蟹），lovinglycalledthe"reef（礁）goat”,couldmakecoralreefsfreeofseaweedfast,sotheyconducted

acasecontrolstudywheretheyreleasedthecrabsonsomereefsandletsomeothersremaincrabless.

Eatingseaweedataratehigherthananyothergrazer（食草动物），thecrabswereabletoreduceseaweed

coverby80%,whilea3to5foldincreaseofbothbabycoralsandfishspeciesaddedtothesuccessfuloute.

Ondryland,goatshavebeenusedasgroundclearersforthousandsofyears,astheyeateverythingfrom

cloverandgrassestopoisonoakandinvasiveblackberrythorns.Hopefully,theresultsofthisstudycansolidify

Caribbeankingcrabsastheirequivalentatthebottomofthesea.

9.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbymentioningthemountainlion?

A.Thepetitionamongdifferentspeciesisintense.

B.Theecologicalbalancehasbeenlargelydisturbed.

C.Ifsimportanttohavediversespecies.

D.Toomuchseaweedcausesproblems.

10.Whatcanwesayaboutseaweed?

A.Itbreaksthefoodchain.

B.Itinfluencescorals5growth.

C.Itaffectsthefishingindustry.

D.Itpreventsbabycoralsfromdiseases.

11.Whydidtheresearchersconductthestudy?

A.ToproveCaribbeankingcrabscansavecoralreefsfromseaweed.

B.Toknowhowtoprotectbiologicaldiversity.

C.Tofindouthowtofarmseaweed.

D.Tolearnwhycoralsaredeclining.

12.Whatmighttheauthoragreewithabouttheresultofthestudy?

A.Itisunreliable.

B.Itisunpredictable.

C.Itneedsfurtherdiscussion.

D.Itmaymakeagreatdifference.

【答案】9.D10.B11.A12.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现加勒比海帝王蟹可以有效帮助珊瑚礁清除多余的海藻。

9.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Seaweedlargelypreventscoralsfromperformingtheirkeyfunctioninthe

ecosystem,justlikethelionwouldpreventanyoftheterrifiedofficeworkersfromdoingtheirwork.（海藻在彳艮大

程度上阻止了珊瑚履行它们在生态系统中的关键功能，就像狮子会阻止任何受到惊吓的办公室工作人员工

作一样）”可推知，作者提到狮子是为了说明海藻的过量生长已经造成了不良影响。故选D项。

10.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Seaweedtoooftenisblockingsunlightfromreachingbabycorals,while

releasingchemicalsthatpreventcoralsfromreproducingaswellasmakingthemmarclikelytobeattackedby

diseases.（海藻经常阻挡阳光到达小珊瑚，同时释放出阻止珊瑚繁殖的化学物质，以及使它们可能受到疾病

的攻击）”可推知，海藻会影响珊瑚的生长。故选B项。

11.细节理解题。根据文章第五段"TheresearchersfromFloridaInternationalUniversitysupposedthatif

sufficientlydistributed,theCaribbeankingcrab（S）,lovinglycalledthe“reef（礁）goat”,couldmakecoralreefs

freeofseaweedfast,sotheyconductedacasecontrolstudywheretheyreleasedthecrabsonsomereefsandlet

someothersremaincrabless.（佛罗里达国际大学的研究人员认为，如果分布充分，加勒比帝王蟹，被亲切地

称为“山羊礁”，可以使珊瑚礁快速摆脱海藻，因此他们进行了一项病例对照研究，他们将螃蟹释放到一些

珊瑚礁上，让其他一些珊瑚礁保持无螃蟹）”可知，研究员们做实验是为了搞清楚加勒比海帝王蟹是不是能

快速清除珊瑚礁上附着的海藻。故选A项。

12.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Eatingseaweedataratehigherthananyothergrazer（食草动物），the

crabswereabletoreduceseaweedcoverby80%,whilea3to5foldincreaseofbothbabycoralsandfishspecies

addedtothesuccessfuloute.（螃蟹吃海藻的速度高于任何其他食草动物，能够将海藻覆盖率减少80%,而小

珊瑚和鱼类增加3至5倍，从而增加了成功的结果）”可知，加勒比海帝王蟹不仅能快速去除海藻，而且使

得幼年珊瑚和鱼类物种的数量增加了3到5倍，因此，实验结果是成功的。由此推知，该实验结果可能会

带来有意义的影响。故选D项。

4

（2022秋•江苏徐州•高一统考期中）Thereare195countriesintheworldtodayandactuallynoneofthem

havepurple（紫色）ontheirnationalflags.Throughouthistory,purplewasneverusedtorepresentakingdom.

Sowhafswrongwithpurple?Ifssuchapopularcolortoday.Theanswerisreallyquitesimple.Purplewas

justfartooexpensive.

Thecolorpurplehasbeenrelatedtoroyalpowerandwealthforcenturies.QueenElizabethIdidn'tallow

anyoneexceptclosemembersoftheroyalfamilytowearit.Purple9suniquepositionesfromtherarity（稀有，罕

见）andhighcostofthedye（染料）usedtoproduceit.Thedyewasfromasmallseasnailthatwasonlyfoundin

theTyreareaoftheMediterranean.Over10,000snailswereneededtocreatejustonegramofTyrianpurple;not

tomentionlotsofworkwentintoproducingthedye,whichmadepurpledyesoexpensiveevenforsomeroyal

families.ThirdcenturyRomanEmperorAureliofamouslywouldn'tallowhiswifetobuyascarfmadefrom

purplesilkbecauseitcostthreetimesitsweightingold.Asinglepoundofdyecostthreepoundsofgold,which

equals56,000dollarstoday.Therefore,eventherichestcountriescouldn'tspendthatmuchhavingpurpleontheir

flags.

In1856,18yearoldEnglishchemistWilliamHenryPerkinbyaccidentcreatedamanmadepurpledyewhile

attemptingtoproduceanantimalariadrug.Henoticedthatitcouldbeusedtodyecloth.Hepatentedthedyeand

massproducedit.Thereforeeverybodycouldaffordit.

Tillnow,ahandfulofnewnationalflagshavebeendesignedandafewofthemhavechosentousepurple.

13.Whywascolorpurpleexpensiveinthepast?

A.Becauseonlyroyalfamilieswereallowedtowearpurple.

B.Becauseittookalongtimetogetpurpledyefromsnails.

C.Becausepurplewasworthasmuchasitsweightingold.

D.Becausepurpledyeusedtobeunmonandhardtoproduce.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph4referto?

A.Theantimalariadrug.B.Themanmadepurpledye.

C.Snails.D.Tyrianpurple.

15.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Royalfamiliesstopusingpurplebecauseifsnotexpensive.

B.Asinglepoundofdyedoesn'tcostthreepoundsofgoldatall.

C.WilliamHenryPerkingotrichbyproducingthepurpledye.

D.AnEnglishchemistdevotedhisenergytoproducingthepurpledye.

16.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowtoProducePurpleDye?B.TheBirthofPurpleColor

C.PurplevsGoldD.NoPurpleFlags?

【答案】13.D14.B15.C16.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了没有国家在国旗上使用紫色的原因，并介绍了人造紫色染料的发

现。

13.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Purple，suniquepositionesfromtherarityandhighcostofthedyeusedto

produceit.（紫色的独特地位来自于生产紫色的染料的稀有性和高昂的成本）“可知，紫色在过去很贵是因为

紫色染料过去很少见而且很难生产。故选D。

14.词句猜测题。根据第四段中“In1856,18yearoldEnglishchemistWilliamHenryPerkinbyaccidentcreateda

manmadepurpledyewhileattemptingtoproduceanantimalariadrug.Henoticedthatitcouldbeusedtodye

cloth.（1856年，18岁的英国化学家威廉・亨利・帕金在试图生产抗疟疾药物时，意外地制造了一种人造紫色

染料。他注意到它可以用来染布）”可知，英国化学家威廉・亨利•帕金偶然发现了一种人造紫色染料，并且他

注意到这种人造紫色染料可以用来染布，所以it指的是“人造紫色染料”。故选B。

15.推理判断题o根据第三段“Thecolorpurplehasbeenrelatedtoroyalpowerandwealthforcenturies.Queen

ElizabethIdidn'tallowanyoneexceptclosemembersoftheroyalfamilytowearit.Purple'suniquepositiones

fromtherarity（稀有，罕见）andhighcostofthedye（染料）usedtoproduceit.（几个世纪以来，紫色一直与王室

权力和财富有关。英国女王伊丽莎白一世不允许除王室亲密成员外的任何人佩戴紫色。紫色的独特地位来

自于生产紫色的染料的稀有性和高昂的成本。户可知A选项（皇室不再使用紫色，因为它不贵。）是错误

的；第三段“Asinglepoundofdyecostthreepoundsofgold,whichequals56,000dollarstoday.（一磅染料要花

三磅，相当于今天的56000美元。厂可知B选项（一磅染料根本不需要三磅。）是错误的；第四段中力n1856,

18yearoldEnglishchemistWilliamHenryPerkinbyaccidentcreatedamanmadepurpledyewhileattemptingto

produceanantimalariadrug.Henoticedthatitcouldbeusedtodyecloth.Hepatentedthedyeandmassproduced

it.（1856年,18岁的英国化学家威廉・亨利・帕金在试图生产抗疟疾药物时,意外地制造了一种人造紫色染料。

他注意到它可以用来染布。他为这种染料申请了专利并大量生产）”可知D选项（一位英国化学家致力于生

产紫色染料。）是错误的，威廉・亨利・帕金为紫色染料申请了专利并大量生产，可推知他通过生产紫色染

料变得富有。故选C。

16.主旨大意题。根据第一段"Thereare195countriesintheworldtodayandactuallynoneofthemhavepurple

ontheirnationalflags.Throughouthistory,purplewasneverusedtorepresentakingdom.（当今世界上有195个

国家，实际上没有一个国家的国旗上有紫色。纵观历史，紫色从未被用来代表一个王国）”以及文章内容可

知，本文主要介绍了没有国家在国旗上使用紫色的原因，并介绍了人造紫色染料的发现，D项“没有紫色

国旗？”吸引读者兴趣，可以作为文章标题。故选D。

5

（2022秋•河北石家庄•高一河北新乐市第一中学校考期中）Rainforestsarehometoarichvarietyof

medicinalplants,food,birdsandanimals.Canyoubelievethatasinglebush（灌木丛）intheAmazonmayhave

morekindsofantsthanthewholeofBritain!About480varietiesoftreesmaybefoundinjustonehectareof

rainforest.

RainforestsarethelungsoftheEarth-storinglargequantitiesofcarbondioxide（CO2）andproducingahuge

amountoftheworld'soxygen（氧气）.Rainforestshavetheirownperfectsystemforensuringtheirownsurvival;

thetalltreesmakeacanopy（树冠层）ofbranchesandleaveswhichprotectthemselves,smallerplants,andthe

forestanimalsfromheavyrain,dryheatfromthesunandstrongwinds.

Amazingly,thetreesgrowinsuchawaythattheirleavesandbranches,althoughclosetogether,never

actuallytouchthoseofanothertree.Scientiststhinkthisistheplants5waytopreventthespreadofanytree

diseasesandmakelifemoredifficultforleafeatinginsectslikecaterpillars.Tosurviveintheforest,animalsmust

climb,jumporflyacrossthegaps（缝隙）.Thegroundflooroftheforestisnotallleavesandbushes,likeinfilms,

butisactuallyquiteclear.Itiswheredeadleavesturnintofoodforthetreesandotherforestlife.

Theyarenotcalledrainforestsfornothing!Rainforestscancreate75%oftheirownrain.Atleast80inches

ofrainayearisnormal-andinsomeareastheremaybeasmuchas430inchesofrainannually.Thisisreal

rain-yourumbrellamayprotectyouinashower,butitwon'tkeepyoudryifthereisafullrainstorm.Injusttwo

hours,streamscanrisetentotwentyfeet.Thehumidity（湿气）oflargerainforestshelpstheformationofrain

cloudsthatmaytraveltoothercountriesinneedofrain.

17.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Rainforestsproduceoxygen.B.Rainforestscoveralargearea.

C.Rainforestsarewellmanaged.D.Rainforestsarerichinwildlife.

18.Whichofthefollowinghelpsmostwiththesurvivalofrainforests?

A.Heavyrains.B.Bigtrees.C.Smallplants.D.Forestanimals.

19.Whydotheleavesandbranchesofdifferenttreesavoidtouchingeachother?

A.Formoresunlight.B.Formoregrowingspace.

C.Forselfprotection.D.Forfeedingtheinsects.

20.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.LifegivingRainforestsB.TheLawofNature

C.AnimalsintheAmazonD.WeatherinRainforests

【答案】17.D18.B19.C20.A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。热带雨林是许多药用植物、食物、鸟类鸟禽猛兽的家园。文章主要介绍了热

带雨林的概况和对地球生态系统的贡献。

17.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Rainforestsarehometoarichvarietyofmedicinalplants,food,birdsand

animals.（热带雨林是丰富多样的药用植物、食物、鸟类和动物的家园。）”可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生生

物，故选D项。

18.细节理解题。根据第二段“Rainforestshavetheirownperfectsystemforensuringtheirownsurvival;thetall

treesmakeacanopy（树冠层）ofbranchesandleaveswhichprotectthemselves,smallerplants,andtheforest

animalsfromheavyrain,dryheatfromthesunandstrongwinds.（热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树

木有枝干、树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳和强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。）”

可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存，故选B项。

19.推理判断题。根据第三段“Scientiststhinkthisistheplants'waytopreventthespreadofanytreediseasesand

makelifemoredifficultforleafeatinginsectslikecaterpillars.（科学家们认为这是植物阻止任何树木疾病扩散

和让比如毛毛虫这种食用树叶的昆虫难以生存。）”可以判断出不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为了

自我保护，故选C项。

20.主旨大意题。本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。其次，热带

雨林就是地球的肺——它吸纳了大量的二氧化碳，并制造了全球氧气的很大部分。然后，雨林可以自我形

成所需降雨的75%,而庞大的热带雨林湿气则可以形成雨云，这些雨云则可以飘往那些缺雨水的国家。可

以判断出本文最佳标题是“给予生命的热带雨林”，故选A项。

6

（2022秋•福建厦门•高一翔安一中校考期中）Manyscientistsbelieveourloveofsugarmayactuallybean

addiction.Whenweeatordrinksugaryfoods,thesugarentersourbloodandaffectspartsofourbrainthatmake

usfeelgood.Thenthegoodfeelinggoesaway,leavinguswantingmore.Alltastyfoodsdothis,butsugarhasa

particularlystrongeffect.Inthisway,itisinfactanaddictivedrug,whichdoctorssuggestweallshouldcutdown

on.

“ItseemslikeeverytimeIstudyanillnessandsearchforthefirstcause,Ifindmywaybacktosugar,says

scientistRichardJohnson.Onethirdofadultsworldwidehavehighbloodpressure,andupto347millionadults

havediabetes（糖尿病）.Why?”Sugar,webelieveisoneoftheculprits,ifnotthemajorreason,saysJohnson.

Ourbodiesaredesignedtosurviveonverylittlesugar.Earlyhumansoftenhadverylittlefood,soourbodies

learnedtobeveryefficientinstoringsugarasfat.Inthisway,wehadenergystoredwhentherewasnofood.But

today,mostpeoplehavemorethanenough.Sotheverythingthatoncesavedusmaynowbekillingus.

Sowhatisthesolution?It'sobviousthatweneedtoeatlesssugar.Thetroubleis,intoday'sworld,ifs

extremelydifficulttoavoid.Frombreakfastcereals（谷物）toafterdinnerdesserts,ourfoodsareincreasinglyfilled

withit.

Buttherearethosewhoarefightingbackagainstsugar.Manyschoolsarereplacingsugarydessertswith

healthierfoodlikefruitOtherschoolsaregrowingtheirownfoodingardens,orbuildingfacilitieslikewalking

trackssostudentsandothersinthemunitycanexercise.

21.Whatdoscientiststhinkofsugar?

A.Itbenefitsourhealth.

B.Itislessaddictivethandrugs.

C.Itcausesustobeedependentonit

D.Itshouldbetakenunderadoctor'sguidance.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“culprits“inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Diseases.B.Poordiets.

C.Unknownthings.D.Causesofaproblem.

23.Whyisitsohardtoavoidsugar?

A.Welikeittoomuch.

B.Wecannotsurvivewithoutit.

C.Itgivesusmuchncededenergy.

D.Ifsinsomanyfoodsanddrinks.

24.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WaystoAvoidSugar

B.OurAddictiontoSugar

C.IllnessesCausedbySugar

D.GoodSugarVSBadSugar

【答案】21.C22.D23.D24.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们对糖上瘾以及戒不掉糖的原因，以及吃糖的危害。

21.细节理解题。®4tManyscientistsbelieveourloveofsugarmayactuallybeanaddiction.Whenwe

eatordrinksugaryfoods,thesugarentersourbloodandaffectspartsofourbrainthatmakeusfeelgood.Then

thegoodfeelinggoesaway,leavinguswantingmore.Alltastyfoodsdothis,butsugarhasaparticularlystrong

effect.Inthisway,itisinfactanaddictivedrug,whichdoctorssuggestweallshouldcutdownon.（许多科学家

认为，我们对糖的喜爱实际上可能是一种上瘾。当我们吃或喝含糖食物时，糖会进入我们的血液，影响我

们大脑中让我们感觉良好的部分。然后这种美好的感觉消失了，让我们想要更多。所有美味的食物都有这

种作用，但糖的作用尤其强烈。这样看来，它实际上是一种令人上瘾的药物，医生建议我们都应该减少使

用）”可知，科学家认为糖使我们变得依赖它。故选C项。

22.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段,“Onethirdofadultsworldwidehavehighbloodpressureandupto347million

havediabetes.Why?（全球有三分之一的成人有高血压，高达3.47亿的人有糖尿病。为什么？）”可知，后文

应该在说原因，糖是其中的一个原因，但并非主要原因。故划线词意思是“问题的原因”。故选D项。

23.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Thetroubleis,intoday'sworld,it'sextremelydifficulttoavoid.From

breakfastcereals（谷物）toafterdinnerdesserts,ourfoodsareincreasinglyfilledwithit.（问题是，在当今世界，这

是极其难以避免的。从早餐麦片到餐后甜点，我们的食物中越来越多地充斥着它）”