第01讲 阅读7选5-说明文（复习讲义）（全国适用）（解析版）

39/60第01讲阅读7选5——说明文目录01TOC\o"1-3"\h\u202体系构建·思维可视 303核心突破·靶向攻坚 4考点一考查标题句 4知识点标题句的特征及解题技巧 4考向突破考查标题句 4考点二考查段首句 8知识点段首句的特征及解题技巧 9考向突破考查段首句 9考点三考查段中句 14知识点段中句的特征及解题技巧 14考向突破考查段中句 15考点四考查段尾句 18知识点段尾句的特征及解题技巧 18考向突破考查段尾句 19考点五做7选5阅读常用的技巧 231.利用词汇关系解题 232.利用一致关系解题 233.利用逻辑关系解题 230431阅读7选5之说明文年份卷别体裁类别主题段首段中段尾选项特指字数2025全国I卷记叙文人与社会热爱事业的咖啡馆员工41完整句254+85全国II卷说明文人与社会一家人一起参加志愿服务221完整句247+832024新课标I卷说明文人与自我使用英语词典的心得140完整句273+61新课标II卷说明文人与社会如何避免过度性旅游131完整句259+522023新课标I卷说明文人与自我学会自我原谅的办法041完整句247+82新课标II卷说明文人与社会开启艺术之旅的建议131完整句261+632022新课标I卷说明文人与社会如何找到健身伙伴041完整句257+76新课标II卷说明文人与社会写文章好修改技巧140完整句237+742021新课标I卷记叙文人与社会巴黎一周生活经历140完整句270+83新课标II卷说明文人与社会提高阅读速度建议122完整句250+752020新课标I卷记叙文人与社会公开演讲的一些原则131完整句235+73考情分析：1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。2．从命题思路上看：体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。语篇模式也较为固定：依次是提出问题、分析问题、最后是提供解决方案；主要考查考生的做题技能和整体阅读判断能力，注重考查文章的结构。预计2026年说明文考查的可能性最大。复习过程中要熟练掌握说明文的命题特点和解题方法，做到成功应对说明文阅读填空。复习目标1.掌握说明文的结构特点和命题形式。2.掌握说明文阅读填空的解题思路和技巧。考点一考查标题句知识点标题句的特征及解题技巧1.应当首先观察其他段落标题的句式结构，根据已有小标题的句式特征，则可迅速缩小选择范围。标题应当短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词或祈使句。2.根据小标题下面的内容，进一步确定小标题选项的准确性。小标题一定要它后面的内容保持一致。1.解题技巧：段落标题句：1.观察其他段落标题的表达形式；2.段落标题句的特点：短小且语言精炼，以祈使句或短句为主；3.阅读段落内容，提炼中心句，留意体现主旨的原词、同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词。2.思维方法：考向考查标题句例1(2025年1月•浙江卷)Oneofthemostcommonmistakesincommunicationistryingtodotoomuch.36There’snovalueindeliveringanykindofcommunication,whetherwritten,spoken,formal,orinformal,ifthemessagedoesn’tcomeacrossclearly.Beingclearandbrief—whilemaintaininginterestandincludingeverythingyourlistenersneedtoknow—isahigh-levelcommunicationskill.Herearesometipsworthfollowinginordertocommunicatemoreeffectively.Keepyouraudienceinmind.Youraudiencewillnaturallybemoreinterestedandengagedwhenyoutailoryourcommunicationstotheirinterests.37Thiswillengagetheirdesiretounderstandandinteractwiththeinformation.Don’tusetenwordswhenonewilldo.Eventhemostengagedandcommittedaudiencewilleventuallygetbored.Keepingyourmessagesimpleandclearwillmakeiteasierforpeopletounderstand.38However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.Keepitsimple.39Ifyou’veeverworkedasaninstructor,manager,trainerorcoach,you’llknowthattherearefewbetterwaystolearnnewinformationthantoteachit.Asktheaudiencetocontributetheirideasortotakearoleinexplainingnewconceptsandpoliciestoothers.Allowthemtoleaddiscussionsandmeetingstodeveloptheircommunicationskills.Considerthebestmethodtodeliveryourmessage.Iftheinformationyou’recommunicatingisn’turgent,considersendinganemail.Writtencommunicationwillgiveyouraudiencemoretimetoreviewit,thinkitover,andfollowupwithquestions.40

Buildingeffectivecommunicationskillstakestime,buttheeffectsareworththeeffort.A．Bepatient.B．Gettheaudienceinvolved.C．Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.D．Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.E．Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F．Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.G．Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.【思维过程】●39空为小标题句，观察其他小标题句的特征，它们都是祈使句。●选项定位7个选项中有3个是祈使句ABD→看小标题下面的内容→①contributetheirideasortotakearoleinexplainingnewconceptsandpoliciestoothers（贡献自己的想法，或在向他人解释新概念和政策方面发挥作用）②Allowthemtoleaddiscussionsandmeetingstodeveloptheircommunicationskills让他们主持讨论和会议，以发展他们的沟通技巧→B．Gettheaudienceinvolved.●故选B39.【答案】B【解析】本题考查小标题，根据后文“Asktheaudiencetocontributetheirideasortotakearoleinexplainingnewconceptsandpoliciestoothers.Allowthemtoleaddiscussionsandmeetingstodeveloptheircommunicationskills.(要求听众贡献自己的想法，或参与向他人解释新的概念和政策。让他们能够领导讨论和会议，以发展他们的沟通技巧)”表示让听众参与到互动演讲之中，B选项“让观众参与进来”概括本段内容。故选B。例2（2023年全国乙卷）D篇UnexpectedBenefitsofVolunteeringasaFamilyAreyoulookingforawaytobringyourfamilytogether?Hopingtofindahobbythatcanbesharedbyboththelittleonesandadults?___16___Youmayknowthe“feel-good”emotionsthatcomewithhelpingothers,butthereareevenmoreunexpectedwaysvolunteeringwillpositivelyaffectthewholefamily.●You’llfeellikeyouhavemoretime.Peopleoftenfeeltheyaretoobusytovolunteer.Yet,researchhasfoundthatgivingyourtimetocommunitycausesactuallymakesyoufeellikeyouhavemoreofit.___17___●Youcanlivelongerifyouvolunteerregularly.___18___WashingtonUniversityfoundthatadults55andolderwhovolunteeredhadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlongerthanotherstheirage.Volunteersarealsomorelikelytolookaftertheirownhealthandaremorefocusedonaddingphysicalactivityintotheirlives.●___19___Volunteeringduringteenageyearshasbeenlinkedtosomemajorpositiveeffectssuchasimprovedgradesandincreasedself-confidence.Theseeffectsaren’tjustshort-termbuthavebeenprovedtoaffectateen’swell-beingintheyearstocome.●You’llhavemoretimewithfamily.Familieswhovolunteertogetherhavetheuniqueexperienceofworkingtowardacommongoal.___20___Everyonebringssomethinguniquetothetableandcanconnectwitheachotherinanewway.And,therearetasksforeveryageandability,soallyourchildrencanfeelproudoftheirwork.A.Helpingthecommunitylowersratesofdepression.B.Volunteeringasafamilymaybejustthethingyouneed.C.Volunteeringhasalifelongeffectonkidsandteenagers.D.Volunteeringcanbethefirststepinbreakingdownprejudice.E.Foradults,volunteeringcanprovidesignificantphysicalhealthbenefits.F.Youmayevenlearnthatyourkidhasatalentyoudidn’tknowaboutbefore.G.Volunteeringmakesyoufeelcapableandinspiresyoutomakethemostofeachday.【答案】16.B17.G18.E19.C20.F【思维过程】●19空为小标题句，观察其他小标题句的特征，发现选项中没有和它相似结构句子。●看小标题19空下面的内容→Theseeffectsaren’tjustshort-termbuthavebeenprovedtoaffectateen’swell-beingintheyearstocome.这些影响不仅仅是短期的，而且已经被证明会影响青少年未来的幸福→aren’tjustshort-term；affect同义表达lifelongeffect→C.Volunteeringhasalifelongeffectonkidsandteenagers.●故选C19.C根据下文“Volunteeringduringteenageyearshasbeenlinkedtosomemajorpositiveeffectssuchasimprovedgradesandincreasedself-confidence.Theseeffectsaren’tjustshort-termbuthavebeenprovedtoaffectteen’swell-beingintheyearstocome.(青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Volunteeringhasalifelongeffectonkidsandteenagers.(志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelongeffect”对应“affectteen’swell-beingintheyearstocome”，“onkidsandteenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C项。【变式训练·变载体】2.（2024·新高考II卷）OvertourismIsForReal:HowCanYouHelp?Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.So,shouldwestoptraveling?Certainlynot.Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.Herearesometipsonmakingwisedecisionstominimizepressureontheplaceswevisitandimproveourexperience.●Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.Travelforyouandnooneelse.●Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Thoughovertourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld,it’sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberofextremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?●4Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You’llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.Visitingaplacethatotherscallhomeisaprivilege(荣幸).Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.A．Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B．So,shouldwestoptraveling?C．Travelforyouandnooneelse.D．Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E．Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F．You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G．Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.4.【答案】A【解析】本题考查小标题，根据后文“Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。考点二考查段首句首先应当采取形似原则，观察与其他段落首句是否出现相同结构，一般考查祈使句的相同结构居多。其次应当研读上一段的内容，尤其是上一段结尾的内容，结合本段内容，看选项是否符合逻辑上的紧密衔接。段首题具有鲜明的语言特征，要么是段落标题句(主旨句)，要么就是段落主题句。1.段落小标题：概括段落大意，特征突出，短小且语言精炼2.段落主题句：段落主旨概括性，与其它段落承上启下设空在段首——思考是“段落主题句”还是“承上启下句”1.把握形似，确定段落标题句2.根据一致，确定段落主题句3.瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句考向考查段首句例1(2024·新课标I卷第38题)Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).36Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.37Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.…38Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.……A.Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon’twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon’talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【思维过程】●38空为段首句。●看段首句38空下面的内容→Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.→aprecisedefinition、differentiatingitfromotherwords、alsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced→E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.→词典不仅仅是帮助拼写、还给出定义、给出区别、展示发音→E引出下文和后文是并列关系●故选E【答案】E【解析】38.下文“Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。例2（2024年1月•浙江卷·阅读七选五节选）40Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orschedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.A．Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.B．Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C．Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D．ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.E．Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.F．Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?G．Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.G.Dictionariesdon’talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【思维过程】●40空为段首句。●看段首句40空下面的内容→Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orschedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.→socialconnection、motivateeachother、theclassdiscussion、organizeastudygroup→互动的内容→E．Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.→humaninteraction人们间的互动●故选E【答案】E【解析】设空处位于段首，此处是提出问题，后文解决问题Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem。由下文“Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orschedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.(社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.(对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。【变式训练·变载体】（2025·重庆市渝中区巴蜀中学校高三下学期3月适应性月考（六））HowtoUseYourInnerVoiceWeallhaveaninnervoice,andwhileitcanbesupportive,itcanalsobecomeoverlycritical.Thegoodnews:1Herearethreescience-backedstrategiestorefine(改善)yourinnerdialogue,inspiredbythegroundbreakingworkofpsychologistEthanKross.DistancingOurselvesfromNegativeThoughts2Kross’sresearchonself-distancingoffersapowerfulsolution.Byreferringtoyourselfinthethirdpersonorusingyourownname,youcreatepsychologicaldistancewhichreducesemotionalreactivity.Forinstance,insteadofthinking,“I’mfailing”,trytellingyourself,“[AddYourName],you’relearningthroughthischallenge.”Thissimpleshiftcanhelpyouapproachproblemswithclarityandobjectivity.InnerCoachvs.InnerCritic3Ithelpsusplan,solveproblems,andmotivateourselves.Butitcanalsomakeusmoreanxiousandhurtourrelationships.Krossrecommendsthatweshouldmakethemostofitsgoodpointswhilekeepingitsbadonesincheck.Whenyou’refacedwithself-criticism,tryshiftingtoyourinnercoachforguidance.Theseslightchangesinhowwetalktoourselvescanlowerourstressandhelpussolveproblemsbetter.GrowingthroughPositiveSelf-DialogueBuildingaconstructiveinnervoicerequirespractice.Justbeforebed,journalaboutamomentwherepositiveself-talkhelpedyou.4Overtime,thishabitcanhelpreinforceagrowthmindsetandprepareyoutotacklechallengeswithmoreconfidence.ConclusionBypracticingself-distancing,reframingcriticism,andreflectingonpositivemoments,youcanturnyourinnervoiceintoasourceofstrengthandclarity.5A．Ourinnervoicecutsbothways.B．Feelingoverwhelmedbyyourinnercritic?C．Talkingtoyourselfempoweredyouduringtoughtimes.D．Self-talkcanbetransformedintoatoolforgrowthandsuccess.E．Wecanlearntoidentifynegativethoughtpatternsandavoidthem.F．Starttoday—becauseyourinnervoiceshapeshowyoushowupintheworld.G．Reflectonhowitshapedyourresponseandwhatyoucancarryintotomorrow.【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．G5．F【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何改善内心声音的三个策略。1．上文“Weallhaveaninnervoice,andwhileitcanbesupportive,itcanalsobecomeoverlycritical.Thegoodnews:(我们都有一个内心的声音，虽然它可能是支持的，但它也可能变得过于挑剔。好消息是：)”说明我们内心的声音有时候好有时候过于挑剔，但好消息是不好的内心声音可以避免，选项D“自我对话可以转化为成长和成功的工具。”承接上文，是对上文好消息的解释，故选D项。2．下文“Kross’sresearchonself-distancingoffersapowerfulsolution.(克罗斯关于自我疏远的研究提供了一个强有力的解决方案)”说明是在对存在的问题进行解决，并且是关于内在批评的，选项B“感觉被你内心的批评者压倒了吗”引出下文，先提出问题，再提供解决方案。故选B项。3．下文“Ithelpsusplan,solveproblems,andmotivateourselves.Butitcanalsomakeusmoreanxiousandhurtourrelationships.(它帮助我们计划，解决问题和激励自己。但它也会让我们更加焦虑，伤害我们的关系)”说明内在的声音可以起到好坏两方面的作用，选项A“我们内心的声音是双向的。”引出下文，是对下文的总结，故选A项。4．上文“Justbeforebed,journalaboutamomentwherepositiveself-talkhelpedyou.(睡前，记录一下积极的自我对话对你有帮助的时刻)”说明睡前要反思，记下积极的自我对话对你有帮助的时刻，选项G“反思它是如何塑造你的反应的，以及你明天可以做些什么。”承接上文，睡前除了记录积极的自我对话对你有帮助的时刻，还要反思它是如何塑造你的反应的，并引出下文“Overtime,thishabitcanhelpreinforceagrowthmindsetandprepareyoutotacklechallengeswithmoreconfidence.(随着时间的推移，这个习惯可以帮助你加强成长的心态，让你更自信地应对挑战)”。故选G项。5．上文“Bypracticingself-distancing,reframingcriticism,andreflectingonpositivemoments,youcanturnyourinnervoiceintoasourceofstrengthandclarity.(通过练习自我疏远，重新审视批评，反思积极的时刻，你可以把你内心的声音变成力量和清晰的源泉)”说明通过一些做法，把内心的声音转变成力量，选项F“从今天开始——因为你内心的声音决定了你在这个世界上的表现。”承接上文，从今天开始坚持这些具体做法，强调内心声音的重要性。故选F项。【变式训练】（2025·湖北省十一校高三下学期第二次联考）We’veallexperiencedthefrustrationofforgettingwhatwestudiedyesterday.Butmemoryisn’tjustaboutnaturaltalent.It’saskillwecanimprovewithsmartstrategies.Ourbrainsnaturallyscreeninformation.Weforget70%ofnewknowledgewithin24hoursifwedon’treviewit.Yourbrainservesasalibrary.Wheneveryourevisitinformation,you’replacingitonamoreaccessibleshelf.Astudentwhoreviewsmathformulas(公式)rightafterclass,thenbeforebed,andoncemoreafterthreedayswillfindthemeasiertorecallduringexams.12Whenrecitingwordslike“photosynthesis”,simplyrepeatingthespellingoftenfailsquickly.Instead,picturesunlighthittinggreenleaveswhilereadingabiologytextbook.Thiscombinestext,imagery,andreal-worldmeaning,activatingmultiplebrainareasatonce.Similarly,linking“pineapple”to“pinetreewithapples”createsafunnymentalimagehardtoforgetforlong.Sleepandcalmmindsaresecretweaponsformemory.Duringdeepsleep,thebrainreorganizesdaytimelearninglikealibrariansortingbooks.Researchshowsstudentswith7-8hoursofsleepremember40%morehistoryfactsthanthosewhostayuplate.3Takingslowbreathscanprotectyourmental“library”.Activepracticebeatspassivereading.Insteadofmechanicallyrereadingnotes,transformheadingsintoself-testquestions:“4”Thisforcesyourbraintosearchinformation,strengtheningmemorypathways.Explainingconceptstofriends,liketeachingaclassmatehowtosolveequations,usesspeechandlogictodeepenunderstanding.5Byspacingoutreviews,creatingvividmentalconnections,andcaringforyourbrain’sneeds,youcanturntemporaryknowledgeintolifelongwisdom—onesmall,steadystepatatime.A．HowdoIusethisgrammarruleinwriting?B．This“spacedrepetition”makesmemoriesstick.C．Forgettingisacommonhumanconditionwithoutexception.D．Contextturnsweakanduncertainmemoriesintopermanentones.E．Memorymasteryisnotaboutstudyinglongerbutstudyingsmarter.F．Improvingmemoryismorefocusedonholdingontowhatreallycounts.G．Feelingstressed,however,floodsthebrainwithchemicalsthatdamagememory.【答案】1．B2．D3．G4．A5．E【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些提高记忆力的有效策略，包括定期复习、运用联想记忆、保证睡眠和保持冷静、主动练习等。1．根据上文“Astudentwhoreviewsmathformulas(公式)rightafterclass,thenbeforebed,andoncemoreafterthreedayswillfindthemeasiertorecallduringexams.(如果一个学生在课后、睡前、三天后再复习一遍数学公式，他会发现在考试时更容易记住。)”提到学生课后、睡前和三天后复习数学公式的例子，说明了间隔复习的方法。B选项“This“spacedrepetition”makesmemoriesstick.(这种“间隔重复”能让记忆更牢固。)”中的“spacedrepetition”与前文的复习方法相呼应，总结了这种间隔复习能使记忆留存的作用，故选B项。2．根据后文内容“Whenrecitingwordslike“photosynthesis”,simplyrepeatingthespellingoftenfailsquickly.Instead,picturesunlighthittinggreenleaveswhilereadingabiologytextbook.Thiscombinestext,imagery,andreal-worldmeaning,activatingmultiplebrainareasatonce.Similarly,linking“pineapple”to“pinetreewithapples”createsafunnymentalimagehardtoforgetforlong.(当背诵像“光合作用”这样的单词时，简单地重复拼写往往很快就会失败。相反，在阅读生物教科书时，想象阳光照射在绿叶上。它结合了文本、图像和现实世界的含义，同时激活了大脑的多个区域。同样，把“菠萝”和“带苹果的松树”联系起来，会产生一种有趣的印象，让人难以忘怀。)”通过举例说明将单词与具体的图像、实际意义相结合能更好地记忆，即通过上下文情境来加强记忆。D选项“Contextturnsweakanduncertainmemoriesintopermanentones.(上下文情境将薄弱且不确定的记忆转化为永久的记忆。)”符合该段主旨，总结该段内容，适合作为该段小标题。故选D项。3．根据上文“Duringdeepsleep,thebrainreorganizesdaytimelearninglikealibrariansortingbooks.Researchshowsstudentswith7-8hoursofsleepremember40%morehistoryfactsthanthosewhostayuplate.(在深度睡眠中，大脑会像图书管理员整理书籍一样重新组织白天的学习。研究表明，睡眠7-8小时的学生比那些熬夜的学生多记住40%的历史事实。)”提到睡眠对记忆的好处，该段主题是睡眠和冷静的头脑对记忆的作用。G选项“Feelingstressed,however,floodsthebrainwithchemicalsthatdamagememory.(然而，感到压力会使大脑充斥着损害记忆的化学物质。)”与前文形成对比，说明压力对记忆的负面影响，强调了保持冷静的重要性。故选G项。4．根据上文“Activepracticebeatspassivereading.

Insteadofmechanicallyrereadingnotes,transformheadingsintoself-testquestions:(主动练习胜过被动阅读。不要机械地重读笔记，把标题变成自我测试的问题：)”提到将标题转化为自我测试问题，A选项“HowdoIusethisgrammarruleinwriting?(我如何在写作中使用这个语法规则？)”是一个具体的自我测试问题的例子，符合“将标题转化为自我测试问题”这一策略。故选A项。5．根据后文“Byspacingoutreviews,creatingvividmentalconnections,andcaringforyourbrain’sneeds,youcanturntemporaryknowledgeintolifelongwisdom—onesmall,steadystepatatime.(通过间隔复习，建立生动的精神联系，照顾大脑的需要，你可以把暂时的知识变成终身的智慧——一次一小步，一步一步。)”可知，通过这些方法可以将临时知识转化为终身智慧，强调的是学习方法的重要性。E选项“Memorymasteryisnotaboutstudyinglongerbutstudyingsmarter.(掌握记忆不是在于学习时间更长，而是学习更明智。)”总结了全文，强调了运用有效策略提高记忆力，而不是单纯延长学习时间。故选E项。考点三考查段中句设空处在段中，是文中起到承上启下作用的句子。具体解题步骤如下：第一步：寻找下句中是否出现人称代词或指示代词，该词与选项存在指代关系。第二步：瞻前顾后，关注段落小标题。同时重点关注上下句之间的逻辑关系是否存在如例证、解释、递增、转折等关系，寻找表示逻辑关系的衔接词或过渡词。同时，寻找与上句之间是否出现相同或相似的句式结构。第二步：将选项代入设空处，看与上句和下句之间是否符合逻辑。如何应对段中句的考查段中设空题通常考查过渡句和细节句。段中句若位于主题句后，很可能是说明原因、举例证明、分述细化主题、解释前面句中的某个概念等；位于段落中间可能起衔接作用。要重点阅读空前一句和空后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系，或者根据意义的连贯性得出答案。解题时要特别注意体现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻辑关系的语篇标志词(关联词)。段中设空题：①细节句：设空位于段中，首先阅读选项并画出关键词；然后重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句，画出关键词，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；阅读各个选项，标记关键词；比较匹配关键词，确定答案；利用词汇复现找到答案；利用表并列、转折、递进和因果的关系的关联词找到答案。②过渡句：阅读空处前后内容，挖掘内在的逻辑关系；阅读各个选项，标记表示转折、并列、递进或因果关系的关联词；注意词汇复现：同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词复现，不同时态形式的动词等。段中设空考查逻辑关系段中设空主要考查上下文的逻辑关系。有时会出现下列衔接词汇或短语结构:first,second,then,next,later,soon,so,but,however,additionally,what’smore,thatis,namely,inotherwords,foronething...foranother等,

这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用,是解题时需要重点关注的部分。考生应对常用的逻辑关系了然于心，并在阅读时能有效地找出关键信息。常考逻辑关系如下，①总分关系：指选项是中心句；②并列关系：指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；③递进关系：指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；④转折关系；指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图；⑤例证关系：指后句是前句的具体实例。⑥概括阐释：指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；⑦因果关系：指选项与前后句构成因果关系。考向考查段中句例1（2025•浙江新高考卷·阅读填空节选）Don’tusetenwordswhenonewilldo.Eventhemostengagedandcommittedaudiencewilleventuallygetbored.Keepingyourmessagesimpleandclearwillmakeiteasierforpeopletounderstand.38However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.Keepitsimple.A．Bepatient.B．Gettheaudienceinvolved.C．Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.D．Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.E．Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F．Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.G．Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.【思维过程】●38空为段中句。●看段中句38空下文的内容→However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)→上句和这个句子内容构成转折关系→G．Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.→forthefirsttime与already→表现出了转折关系●故选G【答案】G【解析】38．下文“However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)”与设空句之间是转折关系。G选项“Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.(作为演讲者，你已经知道你要说什么了)”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，句中“whatyou’regoingtosay”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G项。例2（2024年新高考I卷）ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【思维过程】●40空为段中句。●看段中句40空上文的内容→“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)→下文内容Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)→选项内容应该和上文构成转折关系，和下文构成顺承关系。→D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.→dull和pleasure转折关系but→apleasuretoread和castingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience是顺承关系。●故选D【答案】D【解析】本题考查转折关系。上文““Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。【变式训练·变载体】（2025·福建省高中毕业班3月适应模拟）Patternsarerepeatedbehaviorsthatshapeourdailylives.Wefollowthemwhenwesticktothesamemorningroutine,reactsimilarlytostress,orfacethesameconflictswithothers.1Thekeyisknowingwhichtokeepandwhichtobreak.Harmfulpatterns,likesurfingthroughsocialmediaforhoursoravoidingdifficulttasks,formbecauseourbrainsprefereasyandfamiliaractions.2Tobreaksuchcycles,startsmall:replaceonebadhabitwithapositiveactivity,setcleardailygoals,andaskfriendstosupportyourefforts.Evengoodpatternscanbecomeproblemsifweneverupdatethem.Astudymethodthatworkedinhighschoolmightnotsuitcollegecourses.Stayingtoolongwithoutdatedroutineslimitsourabilitytoadapt.3Peoplewhorefreshtheirhabitsregularlytendtosolveproblemsfasterandthinkmorecreatively.Trythis:everyfewmonths,reviewyourroutines.Askyourself,“Isthisstillworking?Couldtherebeabetterway?”4AsWaltDisneysaid,“Progressneedschange.”Breakingpatternsfeelsuncomfortableatfirst,butstayingstuckinunhelpfulhabitscostsmoreovertime.Beginwithmanageablesteps:wakeup30minutesearlier,tryanewhobby,orwritedownyourthoughtsbeforemakingdecisions.Eachchangeweakensunhelpfulpatternsandbuildsconfidencetotacklebiggerchallenges.5Keepthosethathelpyougrow,butdon’tletthembecomecages.Bybalancingusefulroutineswiththecouragetotrynewthings,wecreatespaceforbothstabilityandprogress.Trackyourhabits,staycurious,andnote