老托福阅读真题及答案

老托福阅读真题及答案

一、单项选择题1.Theword"abundant"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.scarceB.plentifulC.expensiveD.rare答案：B2.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthemainreasonforthegrowthofcitiesinthe19thcentury?A.ThedeclineofagricultureB.ThedevelopmentofindustryC.TheimprovementoftransportationD.Theincreaseinpopulation答案：B3.Theauthormentions"theinventionofthesteamengine"inordertoA.explaintheoriginofmoderntransportationB.illustratetheimpactoftechnologicalinnovationonsocietyC.emphasizetheimportanceofenergysourcesinhistoryD.discusstheroleofinventorsinindustrialdevelopment答案：B4.Thephrase"suchas"inthepassageisusedtoA.giveexamplesB.makecomparisonsC.introduceacontrastD.provideadefinition答案：A5.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheearlysettlersinAmerica?A.Theyhadadifficultlifeinthenewland.B.Theyquicklyadaptedtothelocalenvironment.C.Theybroughtadvancedtechnologywiththem.D.Theyhadnoconflictswiththenativepeople.答案：A6.Theword"evolved"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.disappearedB.changedC.remainedD.expanded答案：B7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonecharacteristicoftheRenaissance?A.AfocusonreligiousthemesinartB.AreturntotraditionalvaluesC.AnemphasisonhumanismD.Adeclineinscientificresearch答案：C8.Theauthorstatesthat"theIndustrialRevolutiontransformedthewaypeoplelived"toshowA.thenegativeeffectsofindustrializationB.thesignificanceoftheIndustrialRevolutionC.theslowprogressoftechnologicalchangeD.thelimitedimpactoftherevolutiononsociety答案：B9.Theword"revolutionary"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.traditionalB.gradualC.radicalD.minor答案：C10.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.ThehistoryoftechnologyB.ThedevelopmentofcivilizationC.TheimpactofindustrializationD.Theevolutionofart答案：B二、多项选择题1.Whichofthefollowingfactorscontributedtotheriseofempiresinancienttimes?A.MilitarystrengthB.AdvancedagriculturaltechniquesC.StrongleadershipD.Culturalisolation答案：ABC2.TheIndustrialRevolutionledtowhichofthefollowingchanges?A.UrbanizationB.ThegrowthofthemiddleclassC.AdecreaseininternationaltradeD.Thedevelopmentofnewmanufacturingprocesses答案：ABD3.IntheRenaissance,whichofthefollowingareasexperiencedsignificantdevelopment?A.ArtB.LiteratureC.ScienceD.Philosophy答案：ABCD4.Whatweresomeofthechallengesfacedbyearlyexplorers?A.HarshweatherconditionsB.LackofaccuratenavigationtoolsC.HostilenativepopulationsD.Limitedfinancialresources答案：ABCD5.Whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofademocraticsociety?A.FreedomofspeechB.EqualrightsforallcitizensC.Asingle-partysystemD.Regularelections答案：ABD6.Thedevelopmentofwritingsystemshadwhichofthefollowingimpacts?A.Facilitatedrecord-keepingB.PromotedthespreadofknowledgeC.LedtothedeclineoforaltraditionsD.Enhancedculturalexchange答案：ABD7.Whataresomeofthefunctionsofgovernment?A.MaintaininglawandorderB.ProvidingpublicservicesC.PromotingeconomicdevelopmentD.Controllingthemedia答案：ABC8.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofrenewableenergysources?A.SolarpowerB.WindpowerC.CoalD.Hydroelectricpower答案：ABD9.Inthe20thcentury,whichofthefollowingeventshadamajorimpactontheworld?A.WorldWarIB.TheGreatDepressionC.TheinventionofthetelephoneD.Thespacerace答案：ABD10.ThestudyofhistoryisimportantbecauseitA.HelpsusunderstandthepresentB.TeachesusaboutdifferentculturesC.AllowsustolearnfrompastmistakesD.Providesentertainment答案：ABC三、判断题1.TheancientEgyptianswerethefirsttodevelopasystemofwriting.(False)2.TheIndustrialRevolutionbeganintheUnitedStates.(False)3.DemocracyoriginatedinancientGreece.(True)4.TheRenaissancewasaperiodofdeclineinartandliterature.(False)5.ExplorersintheAgeofDiscoveryweremainlymotivatedbyreligiousreasons.(False)6.Thedevelopmentofagricultureledtotheformationofsettledcommunities.(True)7.Adictatorshipisaformofgovernmentwherepowerisheldbythepeople.(False)8.Theinventionoftheprintingpresshadalimitedimpactonthespreadofknowledge.(False)9.The20thcenturywasmarkedbyadecreaseininternationalconflicts.(False)10.Studyinghistoryhasnopracticalvalueinmodernsociety.(False)四、简答题1.BrieflydescribethemainfeaturesofthefeudalsysteminmedievalEurope.Thefeudalsystemwasbasedonahierarchy.Atthetopwastheking,whograntedland(fiefs)tonoblesinexchangeforloyaltyandmilitaryservice.Nobles,inturn,gavelandtovassals.Peasants(serfs)workedtheland.Serfsweretiedtothelandandhadtoprovidelaborandaportionoftheirproducetotheirlords.Itwasaself-sufficienteconomicandsocialstructurewithlocalpowercenters.2.ExplainthesignificanceoftheMagnaCartainEnglishhistory.TheMagnaCarta,signedin1215,wasacrucialdocument.ItlimitedthepowerofthekingforthefirsttimeinEngland.Itestablishedtheprinciplethatthekingwasnotabovethelaw.Itguaranteedcertainrightstothebarons,suchastherighttoafairtrial.Overtime,itsideasinfluencedthedevelopmentoftheruleoflaw,individualrights,andconstitutionalgovernmentinEnglandandlaterinotherpartsoftheworld.3.WhatwerethemaincausesofWorldWarI?Themaincausesincludednationalism,whichledtocompetitionandrivalriesamongnations.Imperialism,ascountriesfoughtforcoloniesandresources.Thesystemofalliances,whichmeantthataconflictbetweentwocountriescouldquicklydrawintheirallies.Additionally,theassassinationofArchdukeFranzFerdinandofAustria-HungaryinSarajevoin1914wasthesparkthatignitedthewar.4.DescribetheimpactofthediscoveryofAmericaontheOldWorld.ThediscoveryofAmericahadahugeimpact.Itledtoanexchangeofgoods,knownastheColumbianExchange,withnewcropslikepotatoesandtomatoesintroducedtoEurope,whichimproveddietsandledtopopulationgrowth.Italsoprovidednewsourcesofwealththroughtradeandtheexploitationofresources.TherewasanincreaseininternationaltradeandcompetitionamongEuropeanpowers.Italsoinfluencedculturalandintellectuallifeasnewideasabouttheworldemerged.五、讨论题1.Discusstheroleofwomenindifferenthistoricalperiods.Howhavetheirroleschangedovertime?Throughouthistory,women'sroleshavevariedgreatly.Inancienttimes,theyweremainlyinvolvedindomestictaskslikeraisingchildrenandmanagingthehousehold.Insomecultures,theyhadlimitedpropertyrights.DuringtheIndustrialRevolution,manywomenenteredtheworkforceinfactories,whichwasasignificantchange.Inthe19thand20thcenturies,thewomen'ssuffragemovementgainedmomentum,leadingtomorepoliticalrights.Today,womenareactiveinallfields,frombusinesstoscience,butstillfacesomegender-basedinequalities.Thechangehasbeenaslowbutsteadyprogressiontowardsgreaterequality.2.AnalyzetheimpactoftheEnlightenmentonmodernsociety.Whataresomeofitslastingideas?TheEnlightenmentwasaperiodofintellectualrevolution.Itsideasofreason,individualism,andnaturalrightshadaprofoundimpact.Itchallengedtraditionalauthority,suchastheabsolutepowerofmonarchsandtheinfluenceofthechurch.Theconceptofdemocracywasfurtherdeveloped,emphasizingtherightsofthepeople.Ideasaboutfreedomofspeech,equalitybeforethelaw,andtheimportanceofeducationspread.Theseideasarestillfundamentalinmodernsociety,shapingourpoliticalsystems,legalframeworks,andsocialvalues.3.Compareandcontrasttheeconomicsystemsofcapitalismandsocialism.Whataretheirmaincharacteristics?Capitalismisbasedonprivateownershipofthemeansofproduction.Itencouragescompetition,profit-seeking,andafree-marketeconomy.Pricesaredeterminedbysupplyanddemand.Ithasledtosignificanteconomicgrowthandtechnologicalinnovationbutcanalsoresultininequality.Socialism,ontheotherhand,emphasizespublicownershipofkeyindustries.Itaimsforgreaterequalityindistributionofwealth,withth