第04讲 阅读理解-议论文（专项训练）（全国适用）（解析版）

2/33第04讲阅读理解——议论文目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\u01课标达标练考向议论文02核心突破练议论文创新练03真题溯源练1.（2025·浙江省桐乡市高三5月模拟测试）Humanbeingshaveafundamentalneedtobelong.Yetwearelivinginatimeoflonelinessandisolation.Alackofsocialconnectioncanhavenegativeconsequencesforbothourmentalandphysicalhealth.Toencouragethefeelingsofconnectedness,recentstudiessuggestthatexperientialpurchases,suchastravel,mealsatrestaurantsandrecreation,tendtobringpeoplemorehappinessthanmaterialones,andcanpromoteagreatersenseofsocialconnection.Inaseriesof13experimentsinvolving1,980participants,researchersaskedpeopletothinkabouteitherexperientialormaterialpurchasestheyhadmadeandthenratetheirthoughtsandfeelingsaboutthosepurchases.Peoplereportedfeelingmoreconnectedwiththosewhohadmadethesameexperientialpurchasethanthosewhohadmadethesamematerialpurchase.Thisreflectsthefactthatexperientialpurchasesaremorecentraltoanindividual’sidentity.Moreover,thesefindingsapplyevenwhenpeoplethinkabouthowtheirexperiencesdiffer.Evenincaseswhereparticipantswereaskedtoconsiderasituationinwhichtheymetsomeonemakingasimilarbutbetterexperientialormaterialpurchase,experiencesweremorelikelytofosterconnectionbetweenpeoplethanmaterialitemswere.Althoughtheunpleasantsocialcomparisoncancreateasenseofsocialdistance,thisdistancefeelslesswidewhenitcomestoexperientialpurchases.That’sbecauseit’seasierforpeopletofindcommongroundandfeelkinshipwithsomeoneelseovertheirsimilarexperiences.Finally,afterpeoplethinkaboutajoyousexperience,theyexpressagreaterdesiretoengageinsocialactivitiesthantheydoaftertheyreflectonanimportantpossession.Asexperiencesbonduswithothers,theyprovidememoriesofsuchbondthatpeoplecanrevisit.Thesememories,inturn,canencourageengagementinevenmoresociality.Onecleartakeawayfromthisresearchisthatpeoplewouldlikelybewisetoshifttheirspendinghabitfrom“having”to“doing”.Also,theresearchhintsthatdirectingresourcestowardmorecommunityengagementmightdriveimprovementsinsocietalwell-being.1．Whichcanbeanexampleofexperientialpurchases?A．Watchingapaidmagicshow. B．Claimingfreefoodsamples.C．Readingfictionsinalibrary. D．PurchasingatrendyT-shirt.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“kinship”inparagraph3mean?A．Asharedfamilybackground. B．Asenseofemotionalcloseness.C．Atendencytobecompetitive. D．Adesiretopurchasethesamethings.3．Whatcanbelearnedaboutexperientialpurchases?A．Theyarebetterformentaldevelopment. B．Theycreateunpleasantsocialcomparisons.C．Theycontributetowideningsocialdistance. D．Theyencourageengagementinsocialevents.4．Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoaccordingtothetext?A．Reflectingonourconsumptionpreference. B．Setingrulestolimitunnecessaryspending.C．Encouragingcommunityengagement. D．Exploitingmoreresourcesincommunity.【答案】1．A2．B3．D4．C【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了体验式购买相比物质购买更能促进社交连接和幸福感，并通过一系列实验研究论证了这一观点，最终建议人们将消费习惯从“拥有”转向“参与”，并鼓励社区参与以提升社会福祉。1．推理判断题。根据文章第1段“Toencouragethefeelingsofconnectedness,recentstudiessuggestthatexperientialpurchases,suchastravel,mealsatrestaurantsandrecreation,tendtobringpeoplemorehappinessthanmaterialones,andcanpromoteagreatersenseofsocialconnection.(为了鼓励联系感，最近的研究表明，体验式消费，如旅游、在餐馆吃饭和娱乐活动，往往比物质消费给人们带来更多的幸福感，并能促进更大的社会联系感)”可推知，体验式购买是参与活动或经历。选项A“看付费魔术表演”是体验式购买的典型例子。故选A。2．词句猜测题。根据文章第3段“Althoughtheunpleasantsocialcomparisoncancreateasenseofsocialdistance,thisdistancefeelslesswidewhenitcomestoexperientialpurchases.That’sbecauseit’seasierforpeopletofindcommongroundandfeelkinship withsomeoneelseovertheirsimilarexperiences.(尽管不愉快的社会比较会产生一种社会距离感，但当涉及到体验式购买时，这种距离感就没那么大了。这是因为人们更容易找到共同点，并在相似的经历中与他人产生kinship)”可知，体验式购买时，这种社会距离感就没那么大，即较为亲近，所以kinship表示情感上的亲近感。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据文章第4段“Finally,afterpeoplethinkaboutajoyousexperience,theyexpressagreaterdesiretoengageinsocialactivitiesthantheydoaftertheyreflectonanimportantpossession.Asexperiencesbonduswithothers,theyprovidememoriesofsuchbondthatpeoplecanrevisit.Thesememories,inturn,canencourageengagementinevenmoresociality.(最后，当人们想到一次快乐的经历后，他们比反思一件重要的财产后更渴望参与社交活动。当经历将我们与他人联系在一起时，它们提供了人们可以重温的这种联系的记忆。这些记忆反过来又可以鼓励更多的社交活动)”可推知，体验式购买会鼓励参与社交活动。故选D。4．推理判断题。根据文章第5段“Onecleartakeawayfromthisresearchisthatpeoplewouldlikelybewisetoshifttheirspendinghabitfrom“having”to“doing”.Also,theresearchhintsthatdirectingresourcestowardmorecommunityengagementmightdriveimprovementsinsocietalwell-being.(这项研究的一个明显结论是，人们可能会明智地将他们的消费习惯从“有”转变为“做”。此外，该研究暗示，将资源用于更多的社区参与可能会推动社会福祉的改善)”可推知，文章建议鼓励社区参与。故选C。2.（2025届辽宁省沈阳市皇姑区辽宁省实验中学高三下学期二模）Whileconductingaworkshoponcreativity,Igaveeachsmallgroupasmallboxofpaperclips(回形针).Iinvitedeachgrouptorecordasmanydifferentusesforapaperclipastheycouldinfiveminutes.Obviously,thesethird-gradestudentgroupswereabletogeneratemultipleresponsesandthequalityofthoseresponseswasalloverthemap.Theircreativitywasinfullswing.Weoftenhavethisbeliefthatwhenfacedwithacreativechallenge,weneedtogenerateareallygoodideathatwillsavetheday.Asaresult,wefocuson“theperfectidea”or“thebestsolution”withoutthenecessityofgeneratinglotsofbadonesalongtheway.Yetproducingunworkable,impractical,andworthlessideasisanecessaryandessentialpartofthecreativeprocess.Oneoftheclassicbooks,onethatgoesagainstthegrainofwhatmostwritinginstructionbooksdo,istheincomparableWritingDowntheBones:FreeingtheWriterWithinbyNatalieGoldberg.Oneofthefinestpiecesofadviceinthebookisforwritersandanyonetryingtogeneratecreativethoughtstogivethemselvespermissiontocreatecrappy(蹩脚的)ideas.Creativityisbasedontheconceptofproducingmultipleideas—ideaswithoutanyrestrictions,definitions,orlimitations.Whenweimaginethequalityofanidea,welimititseffectiveness.Whenwepre-assessthoughtsinadvanceofputtingthemintoaction,wereducetheirworthorultimateuse.Theimpactsareshocking.Thereisanideathatasustainedfocusonproducingonly“good”or“perfect”ideasforcesusintoa“don’ttakeanyrisks”mindsetandsignificantlyreducesourcreativespirit.Thesolutionwhenfacedwithacreativechallenge:generateovermuchideaswithoutregardtotheirappropriatenessorusefulness.Someofthoseideaswillbepossibilitiesandsomewillbeuseless.That’sOK.Ultimately,knowthis:generatingcrappyideasisanessentialpartofthecreativeprocess.It’syourbrainwithits“pedal(踏板)tothemetal”.1．Whatdoestheauthorbelieveaboutthecreativeprocess?A．Itmustavoidtakinganyrisks. B．Itrequiressomeperfectideas.C．It’slimitedtopracticalsolutions. D．Itshouldinvolveproducingcrappyideas.2．WhydoestheauthormentionthebookWritingDowntheBonesinparagraph3?A．Toexplainarule. B．Topresentafact.C．Toproveanopinion. D．Tomakeaprediction.3．Whatimpactdoesfocusingonperfectideashaveoncreativity?A．Enhancingrisk-taking. B．Limitinglogicalthoughts.C．Destroyingcreativespirit. D．Encouragingdiversethinking.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A．HowWeOvercomeCreativeBlocks B．WhyIt’sGoodtoHaveCrappyIdeasC．TheWaysofGeneratingRichCreativity D．TheImportanceofIncreasingWritingArt【答案】1．D2．C3．C4．B【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述蹩脚想法是创造过程的必要部分。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yetproducingunworkable,impractical,andworthlessideasisanecessaryandessentialpartofthecreativeprocess.(然而，产生不可行、不切实际和毫无价值的想法是创造过程中必不可少的一部分。)”以及最后一段“Ultimately,knowthis:generatingcrappyideasisanessentialpartofthecreativeprocess.(最终，要知道这一点：产生蹩脚的想法是创造过程中必不可少的一部分。)”可知，作者认为创造过程应该包括产生蹩脚的想法。故选D。2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Oneoftheclassicbooks,onethatgoesagainstthegrainofwhatmostwritinginstructionbooksdo,istheincomparableWritingDowntheBones:FreeingtheWriterWithinbyNatalieGoldberg.Oneofthefinestpiecesofadviceinthebookisforwritersandanyonetryingtogeneratecreativethoughtstogivethemselvespermissiontocreatecrappyideas.(然而，产生不可行、不切实际和毫无价值的想法是创造过程中必不可少的一部分。书中最好的建议之一是，对于作家和任何试图产生创造性想法的人来说，要允许自己产生蹩脚的想法。)”可知，作者在第三段提到《WritingDowntheBones》这本书是为了证明一个观点，即允许自己产生蹩脚的想法对于激发创造力是必要的。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thereisanideathatasustainedfocusonproducingonly“good”or“perfect”ideasforcesusintoa“don’ttakeanyrisks”mindsetandsignificantlyreducesourcreativespirit.(有一种观点认为，持续专注于只产生“好”或“完美”的想法会迫使我们陷入“不要冒任何风险”的心态，并显著降低我们的创造力。)”可知，专注于完美的想法会限制逻辑思维。故选C。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Whileconductingaworkshoponcreativity,Igaveeachsmallgroupasmallboxofpaperclips(回形针).Iinvitedeachgrouptorecordasmanydifferentusesforapaperclipastheycouldinfiveminutes.Obviously,thesethird-gradestudentgroupswereabletogeneratemultipleresponsesandthequalityofthoseresponseswasalloverthemap.Theircreativitywasinfullswing.(在开展一场关于创造力的研讨会时，我给每个小组发了一小盒回形针。我邀请每个小组在五分钟内尽可能多地记录下回形针的不同用途。显然，这些三年级的学生小组能够想出多种回答，而且这些回答的质量参差不齐。他们的创造力正蓬勃涌现。)”可知，全文围绕“蹩脚想法”在创造过程中的重要性展开，强调产生不可行、不切实际和毫无价值的想法是创造过程中必不可少的一部分。因此，最佳标题应突出“蹩脚想法”的积极作用。故选B。3.（2025届吉林省白城市高三下学期模拟预测）Inaworldwhereourdigitaldeviceshavebecomeextensionsofourselves,it’snosurprisethatweoftenimmerse(沉浸)ourselvesinscreensratherthanengagewiththeworldandpeoplearoundus.Butamidstthisdigitaldeluge(涌现的事物),somethingvitalisbeinglost:theartofgenuinehumanconnection.Thesedevicesofferaconvenientescapefromboredomordiscomfort,allowingustoavoidawkwardsocialsituationsordifficultemotions.Smalltalkoftenreceivescriticismforbeingemptyorinsignificant.Rarelydoessomeoneexpressafondnessforit,letalonefindfulfillmentinit.However,smalltalkmattersalotinsocialinteractions.Thinkofitasthewarm-upbeforeaworkout—ithelpsuseaseintodeeperconversationsandestablishesafoundationoftrustandunderstanding.Itlaysthegroundworkforassessingwhethertheexchangehasthepotentialtocultivateafriendshipordeeperconnection.Evenone-offexchangeswithsomeoneatthegrocerystoreoratthebusstopofferopportunitiesforconnection.Butouraversion(厌恶)tosmalltalkissignificant.Wemayconvinceourselvesthatwe’renotgoodatitorthatit’sunnecessary,butthat’ssimplyanexcuse.Yes,ofcourse,socialanxietyisreal,buttheonlywaytoovercomethefearsisthroughpractice,gainingconfidencebyslowlytakingrisks,andactivelyengaginginconversations.So,howcanweembracesmalltalkandharnessitspower?Startbypayingattentiontoyoursurroundingsandengagingwiththosearoundyou.Whetherit’scommentingontheweatherorstrikingupaconversationaboutasharedexperience,smalltalkprovidesanopportunitytoconnectwithothersonabasiclevel.Likeanyskill,smalltalkrequirespractice.Startsmallbyinitiatingconversationswithstrangersoracquaintancesandgraduallyworkyourwayuptodeeperconnections.Witheachinteraction,you’llgainconfidenceandbuildtheskillsnecessaryformeaningfulconversations.Itmayfeeluncomfortableatfirst,butwithpractice,wecanregaintherichnessofhumaninteractionandcultivaterelationshipsthattrulynourish(滋养)thesoul,buildconfidence,andreclaimtheinternalrealestatethatisoverrunwithanxiousthoughts.1．Whydopeopleoftenprefertoengagewithdigitaldevicesratherthantherealworld?A．Theyfinditmoreconvenienttodoso. B．Theyareafraidofgenuinerelationships.C．Theyhavelittletimetoengagewithothers. D．Theywanttoavoidface-to-facecommunication.2．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsmalltalk?A．Itisanunnecessaryandhardskill. B．Ittakesalotofmeaningfultime.C．Itplaysacrucialroleinsocialinteractions. D．Itisdifficulttomasterformostpeople.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harness”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Hold. B．Employ. C．Discover. D．Overlook.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtoOvercomeSocialAnxiety B．TheChallengesofModernSocialLifeC．DigitalDevicesandHumanConnection D．ThePowerofSmallTalkinSocialLife【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．D【解析】这是一篇议论文，文章主要围绕“闲聊的力量”这一主题展开论述，阐述了闲聊在社交生活、建立人脉以及深化人际关系中的重要作用。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thesedevicesofferaconvenientescapefromboredomordiscomfort,allowingustoavoidawkwardsocialsituationsordifficultemotions.(这些设备提供了一个方便的逃避无聊或不适的方式，让我们避免尴尬的社交场合或困难的情绪)”可知，人们更喜欢使用数字设备而不是现实世界交往，是因为使用数字设备交往更方便，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However,smalltalkmattersalotinsocialinteractions.(然而，闲聊在社交互动中很重要)”可知，作者认为闲聊在社会交往中起着至关重要的作用，故选C。3．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Startbypayingattentiontoyoursurroundingsandengagingwiththosearoundyou.Whetherit’scommentingontheweatherorstrikingupaconversationaboutasharedexperience,smalltalkprovidesanopportunitytoconnectwithothersonabasiclevel.(首先要注意周围的环境，并与周围的人互动。无论是评论天气还是聊一聊共同的经历，闲聊都提供了一个与他人建立基本联系的机会)”可知，作者建议积极闲聊，下文在说如何通过关注周围环境并与周围的人互动来利用闲聊的力量，故划线词所在句指“接受闲聊并利用它的力量”，harness意为“利用”，故选B。4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“However,smalltalkmattersalotinsocialinteractions.Thinkofitasthewarm-upbeforeaworkout—ithelpsuseaseintodeeperconversationsandestablishesafoundationoftrustandunderstanding.Itlaysthegroundworkforassessingwhethertheexchangehasthepotentialtocultivateafriendshipordeeperconnection.Evenone-offexchangeswithsomeoneatthegrocerystoreoratthebusstopofferopportunitiesforconnection.(然而，闲聊在社交互动中很重要。把它想象成锻炼前的热身——它帮助我们轻松地进入更深层次的对话，建立信任和理解的基础。它为评估交流是否有可能培养友谊或加深联系奠定了基础。即使是在杂货店或公共汽车站与某人的一次性交流也提供了建立联系的机会)”可知，本文主要讲述闲聊在社会生活中的作用，D项“闲聊在社交生活中的力量”最适合作为标题，故选D。4.（2025届山东师范大学附属中学高三下学期5月适应性检测）Forcenturies,we’vepursuedhappinessandmeaning.Butwhatdoesthatleaveout?Asasocialpsychologist,Ihavededicatedmyresearchcareertoasimple,butuniversalquestion:whatmakesforagoodlife,andhowcanweachieveit?Formuchofhumanhistory,wehavebeenpresentedwithtwopossibilities:pursuingalifeofhappiness,oralifeofmeaning.Eachofthesepathshasitsbenefits,butdecadesofpsychologicalresearchhavealsorevealedtheirlimits.AsktheDanesandFinns,whoconsistentlyrankamongthehappiestpeopleintheworld,whattheirsecretisandthey’lltellyouthis:loweryourexpectationsandbecontentwithwhatyouhave.Itsoundsgood,doesn’tit?Butitleavessomethingout.It’sabitlikebeingacollegestudentwhoonlytakeseasycoursestobesureofgettinggoodgrades.Mighttherebemoretolifethansimplepleasuresandcozycomfort?Thenthere’sthemeaningfullife.WeoftenimaginethatmeaningflowsfromtryingtochangetheworldlikeSteveJobs.Onceagain,theresearchshowsthatloweringyoursightsandfocusingonthelittlethingscanofferamoreachievablesenseofmeaning.Oftenpeoplefinditinroutinesliketakingcareoffamily,orvolunteeringinthecommunity.Butthereisalsoadarksidetothepursuitofmeaning:researchershavefoundthatitcanencouragepeopletodrawsharplinesbetweenthosewhobelongintheirgroupandthosewhodon’t.Myresearchlabmappedoutathirdroutetofulfillment:psychologicalrichness.Apsychologicallyrichlifeisonefilledwithdiverse,unusualandinterestingexperiencesthatchangeyourperspective;alifewithtwistsandturns;alifethatfeelslikealong,windinghikeratherthanmanylapsofthesameracingcircuit.Suchexperiencescanmakeustougher.Notonlythat,embracingthepursuitofpsychologicalrichnesscanmakeuslesslikelytoregret:itmatterslessifthethingyoudidwentwrong.PerhapsnoonesaiditbetterthanEleanorRoosevelt:“Thepurposeoflife,afterall,istoliveit,totasteexperiencetotheutmost,toreachouteagerlyandwithoutfear”.1．Whatisrevealedaboutpursuinghappinessormeaning?A．Theirbenefitsoutweighthelimits. B．Theyareequallydifficulttoachieve.C．Bothpathshavelimitsdespitetheirbenefits. D．Mostpeopleprioritizehappinessovermeaning.2．Whatdoestheexampleof“acollegestudent”showinparagraph3?A．Gratitudeisessentialforahappylife. B．Weshouldliveuptoothers’expectations.C．Lifemeansmorethanleisureandcomfort. D．Happinessrequiresacademicachievement.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“adarkside”implyinparagraph4?A．Itmayleadtoprejudiceagainstoutsiders. B．Itmayresultinthelossofgroupbelonging.C．Itdemandstoomuchvolunteerinvolvement. D．Itmakespeopleforgettheirfamilyresponsibilities.4．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?A．TopromoteRoosevelt’slifephilosophy. B．Tointroduceanewconceptoflifefulfillment.C．Tocriticizetraditionalpsychologicalresearch. D．Tocomparedifferentculturalviewsonhappiness.【答案】1．C2．C3．A4．B【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者指出传统幸福与意义观有局限，提出“心理丰富性”概念，指通过多样经历改变视角，实现生活满足。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Eachofthesepathshasitsbenefits,butdecadesofpsychologicalresearchhavealsorevealedtheirlimits.(这些路径各有其优势，但数十年的心理学研究也揭示了它们的局限性)”可知，关于追求幸福或意义，无论哪条道路都有其局限性，尽管它们都有诸多益处。故选C。2．推理判断题。根据第三段“It’sabitlikebeingacollegestudentwhoonlytakeseasycoursestobesureofgettinggoodgrades.Mighttherebemoretolifethansimplepleasuresandcozycomfort?(这有点像一个大学生，只选择容易的课程，只为确保能取得好成绩。难道生活中除了简单的快乐和舒适的生活之外就没有更多了吗？)”可知，第三段中“一名大学生”的例子说明了生活远不止是休闲和舒适。故选C。3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“researchershavefoundthatitcanencouragepeopletodrawsharplinesbetweenthosewhobelongintheirgroupandthosewhodon’t(研究人员发现，这可能会促使人们将那些属于自己群体的人与不属于的人划出明显的界限)”可知，下划线部分的“adarkside(阴暗面)”一词意味着它可能会导致对外人的偏见。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Forcenturies,we’vepursuedhappinessandmeaning.Butwhatdoesthatleaveout?Asasocialpsychologist,Ihavededicatedmyresearchcareertoasimple,butuniversalquestion:whatmakesforagoodlife,andhowcanweachieveit?(数百年来，我们一直追求幸福与意义。但这样做的同时，又忽略了什么呢？作为一名社会心理学家，我的研究生涯一直围绕着一个简单却普遍的问题展开：什么样的生活才是美好的？我们又该如何实现这样的生活呢？)”并结合文章作者指出传统幸福与意义观有局限，提出“心理丰富性”概念，指通过多样经历改变视角，实现生活满足。可知，作者撰写这篇文章的旨在介绍一种新的生活满足感的概念。故选B。5.（2025届山东省日照市高三下学期三模）Nowcontroversialnewtechnologiespromiseparentsevenmorecontrolovertheirembryos(胚胎).Today,alotofthose“designerbabies”areteenagers.Andsomefamiliesarediscoveringthatthingsdon’talwaysworkoutasplanned;Thekidsfeellikewalkingscienceexperiments;theparentsaredisappointedinhowtheirchildrenturnedout.Fertility(生育)businessesaresellingachanceofdomesticwelfare,andthesefamiliesfeelcheated.Peoplewhohavechildrenthiswayoftenplacetoomuchimportanceongeneswhileignoringtheenvironment.It’slike,“Thisiswhatourfamilyisgoingtolooklike.We’regoingtopickakid,andthisishowwe'regoingtoputittogether,”It’slikeaprojectorbuildingacompany.Peopledon’talwaysrealizetheyarecreatingahumanbeingandnotapieceoffurniture.Theytendtogetwhattheywantanddon’thear“no”alot.Sowhentheirkidshowsupandisn'tthewaythattheywant,whathappens?Usually,it’sadisaster.Inthesehomes,ahighvaluegetsplacedonachievement.Ithinkthewaythesekidsarecreatedsendsthemessage:“You’renotgoodenough.Youneedtoachieve.”Whenthekidsstruggle,it’sespeciallydevastating.Thechildgrowsupfeelingverydifferent,knowingtheywereanexperimentbutnotgettingthepropersupportoracceptancetheyneedtogrow.Inmywork,Ihelpparentsaccept:Thisisthechildyouhave.Ihelpthemmakeabstractconceptsmoreconcrete.Sometimesjustexplaining“youandyourchildarenotthesameperson”doesthetrick.AndIhelpkidsaccepttherealityoftheirparents.Orsayateenagerdoesn’tfeelloved.Imightneedtoclarifytothemthat“love”isnotatangiblefeeling,likegettingkicked.Itmeanssomeonefeelsfondnesstowardyoulikeyoufeelfondnesstowardcandiesortoys.Tryingtocontrolyourchildisarecipefordisaster.Thekidisgoingtorebel(反抗).Idon’tknowifanyone’smakingsureparentsunderstandthattheycan’ttest-driveachildandthenreturnit.Youprobablycanpredictstocks,buthumanbehaviorhasfartoomanyvariables.1．Whatdoestheauthorstressregarding“designerbabies”inparagraph1?A．Thehighexpectationsfromtheirparents.B．Thepsychologicalimpactontheirfamilies.C．Theintentionalcheatingfromfertilitybusinesses.D．Themoralissuessurroundinggeneticengineering.2．Whatisacommonproblemforfamilieswith“designerbabies”?A．Thechildrenoftenrebelagainsttheirparents.B．Theparentsaretoofocusedongeneticperfection.C．Thechildrenfeelliketheyarescienceexperiments.D．Theparentsareunabletoaffordtoraisetheirchildren.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devastating”inparagraph3mean?A．Confusing. B．Doubtful. C．Challenging. D．Harmful.4．Whatistheauthor’ssuggestionforparentsof“designerbabies”?A．Investmoreingeneticresearch.B．Accepttheirchildrenastheyare.C．Focusmoreontheirchildren’sachievements.D．Seekprofessionalhelptoshapetheirchildren.【答案】1．B2．B3．D4．B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过分析“设计婴儿”引发的家庭问题，探讨基因技术与家庭教育的伦理冲突，并提出倡导接纳孩子本真的观点。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Andsomefamiliesarediscoveringthatthingsdon’talwaysworkoutasplanned;Thekidsfeellikewalkingscienceexperiments;theparentsaredisappointedinhowtheirchildrenturnedout.(一些家庭发现事情并不总是按计划进行；孩子们感觉自己像行走的科学实验品；父母对孩子的成长感到失望)”可知，作者强调“设计婴儿”给家庭带来的心理影响，包括孩子的自我认知偏差和父母的失望情绪。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Peoplewhohavechildrenthiswayoftenplacetoomuchimportanceongeneswhileignoringtheenvironment.(通过这种方式生育孩子的人往往过于重视基因而忽视环境)”可知，这类家庭的共同问题是父母过于关注基因完美，将孩子视为可设计的“项目”而非独立个体。故选B。3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Whenthekidsstruggle,it’sespeciallydevastating.Thechildgrowsupfeelingverydifferent,knowingtheywereanexperimentbutnotgettingthepropersupportoracceptancetheyneedtogrow.(当孩子们陷入困境时，这尤其devastating。孩子在成长过程中会感觉自己与他人截然不同，他们知道自己是实验的产物，却无法获得成长所需的适当支持或接纳)”可知，父母对成就的过度重视导致孩子在受挫时受到严重伤害，所以猜测devastating意为“毁灭性的、有害的”，与D项Harmful一致。故选D。4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Inmywork,Ihelpparentsaccept:Thisisthechildyouhave.Ihelpthemmakeabstractconceptsmoreconcrete.Sometimesjustexplaining‘youandyourchildarenotthesameperson’doesthetrick.(在我的工作中，我帮助父母接受一个事实：这就是你拥有的孩子。我帮助他们将抽象的概念变得更具体。有时，仅仅解释‘你和你的孩子不是同一个人’就能解决问题)”可推知，作者建议父母接受孩子的本真而非试图控制其基因或成长轨迹。故选B。6.（2025届江西省华大新高考联盟高三下学期名校高考预测卷（三模））Agrowingnumberofcompaniesarebuildinghumanoidrobots,andthesemechanicallook-alikesarestartingtoappearincarfactoriesanddeliveryplaces.Somebusinessesevenpromiserobotsforhomeuse.Yetonebigquestionstillhasnoanswer:Whybother?Whymakearobotinahumanshapewhenitcouldtakeanyimaginableform?Theusualansweristhathumanoidrobotscould,inprinciple,handleanyphysicaljobsapersoncan.Butthat“inprinciple”isdoingalotofheavylifting.Ifyou’vewatchedvideosoftheserobots,you’llgetit—they’reoftenclumsy,awkwardmachines.Sure,thetechnologyhelpingthemstandandmovehascomealongway,butthey’restillnotasquickorgracefulashumans.Meanwhile,robotsbuiltforasinglejob—likeanarmshiftinggoodsbetweenconveyorbelts(传送带)—arenowcommonplace.Designedwithonepurpose,theydoitreallywell,unlikehumanoidrobots,whichaimtodoeverythingbutoftenmasternothing.Anotherargumentisthatahumanshapemakesiteasierforpeopletoworkwithorcontrolrobots.Thisholdssomewater,especiallysincemanyofthesemachinesstillneedskilledhumanoperators.Companiesoftenavoidadmittingthis,callingitashort-termphase,butthedreamoffullyindependent,AI-poweredhumanoidrobots—onesthatmatchorbeathumanworkers—remainsalongshot.Fornow,whatwe’vegotarehuman-shapedshellsguidedbypeoplebehindthescenes.WhenElonMuskintroducedTesla’sOptimusrobotin2021,heproudlyclaimeditcouldteach,babysit,walkdogs,fetchgroceries,orpourdrinks.Yetthoserobotsweren’tAI-driven,andeachwascontrolledbyahiddenhuman.Noticeapattern?Thesetasks—low-wage,service-orientedjobs—suggestthat,fornow,humanoidrobotsjustmaskhumaneffortwithashinysurface.Someremote-controlledrobotsserverealpurposes,likeindeep-seaexploration.Butthosemachinesaren’tshapedlikehumans—theylooklikecapsulesorsmallvehicles,andtheyworkjustfine.Theideathatrobotsmustbehuman-shapedisafailureofimagination.Yes,humanoidrobotslookimpressive.Theyremindusofthefantasiesinsciencefictionswheremachineshandlealldifficulttasks.Buttoday,theyaremostlymarketingtools,maskinghumanlabor.Andarobotthatdoesn’ttrulyimprovelifeismissingthepoint.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“holdssomewater”meaninparagraph3?A．Providessufficientevidence. B．Makesmuchsense.C．Ispartlyreasonable. D．Iswidelyaccepted.2．WhydoestheauthormentionTesla’sOptimusrobot?A．Toprovehumanoidrobotsarebetter. B．Tohighlightitsimpressivetechnology.C．Toshowitcanreplacehumanworkers. D．Tosuggestitisinthechargeofhumans.3．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardhumanoidrobots?A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Cautious.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhenHumanoidRobotsMissPotential B．HowHumanoidRobotsMissGoalsC．WhatHumanoidRobotsLackNow D．WhyHumanoidRobotsFallShort【答案】1．C2．D3．A4．D【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人形机器人存在的问题及缺陷。1．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Anotherargumentisthatahumanshapemakesiteasierforpeopletoworkwithorcontrolrobots.(另一种观点认为，人类的形态使人们更容易与机器人合作或控制机器人)”以及划线单词所在的句子“especiallysincemanyofthesemachinesstillneedskilledhumanoperators.(尤其是考虑到许多这样的机器仍然需要熟练的人类操作员)”可知，另一种观点认为，人类的外形让人们更容易与机器人合作或控制机器人，特别是考虑到许多这样的机器仍然需要熟练的人类操作员，这有一定道理，因此，划线短语“holdssomewater”意思是“有一定道理”。故选C。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“WhenElonMuskintroducedTesla’sOptimusrobotin2021,heproudlyclaimeditcouldteach,babysit,walkdogs,fetchgroceries,orpourdrinks.Yetthoserobotsweren’tAI-driven,andeachwascontrolledbyahiddenhuman.(2021年，当埃隆·马斯克介绍特斯拉的Optimus机器人时，他自豪地宣称，它可以教学、照顾孩子、遛狗、取杂货或倒饮料。然而，这些机器人并不是人工智能驱动的，每个机器人都由一个隐藏的人控制)”可推知，作者提到特斯拉的Optimus机器人是为了表明它是由人类控制的。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yes,humanoidrobotslookimpressive.Theyremindusofthefantasiesinsciencefictionswheremachineshandlealldifficulttasks.Buttoday,theyaremostlymarketingtools,maskinghumanlabor.Andarobotthatdoesn’ttrulyimprovelifeismissingthepoint.(是的，人形机器人看起来令人印象深刻。它们让我们想起科幻小说中的幻想，机器可以处理所有困难的任务。但在今天，它们大多是营销工具，掩盖了人类的劳动。一个不能真正改善生活的机器人是没有意义的)”可推知，作者对人形机器人持怀疑态度。故选A。4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Agrowingnumberofcompaniesarebuildinghumanoidrobots,andthesemechanicallook-alikesarestartingtoappearincarfactoriesandde