新医学大学英语读写1课件Unit 4 Living well living long

Livingwell，livinglongU4evaluatefactorscontributingtoalongerhealthspananalyzethecausesandimpactsofsleepdisordersemploypassivestructuresinacademicwritingdesignapostertocallforhealthysleepLearningobjectivesA.ExcessiveuseofelectronicdevicesB.ProlongedsittingC.UnhealthyeatinghabitsLead-in

Whatbadhabitsareshowninthepictures?D.IntensestressandoverwhelminganxietyF.IrregularsleepscheduleE.HabitualtobaccouseandexcessivealcoholconsumptionExaminethefollowingimagesthatdepictvariouselementsofahealthylifestyleanddescribeeachbehaviorinyourownwords.1.TextStructureAnalysisIntroductiontotheproblemandtheconceptofhealthspanPartIII(Para.3-5)PartIV(Para.6-8)PartV(Para.9)ScientificresearchonhealthspanandagingPracticalstrategiestoimprovehealthspanThesignificanceofextendinghealthspan

PartI(Para.1-2)PartI(Paras.1-2)Itintroducestheconceptthatwhilepeoplelivelongernow,manyfacehealthissuesinlaterlife.Italsodefines“healthspan”astheyearslivedwithoutdisablingphysicalormentalimpairments,notingitsevolutiontoemphasizeboththequalityandthequantityoflateryears.PartII(Paras.3-5)Itconcludesthatit’spossibletolivehealthieraswelivelongerdespitethecomplexitiesofsuchstudy.ItalsodiscussescentenariansstudiedbyNirBarzilai,whohave“compressionofmorbidity”.Barzilai’sresearchfocusesongenes(likeCETP)thataidhealthspan,withemulatingsuchgenesasaresearchtargettoimprovehealthspan.PartIV(Paras.6-8)Ithighlightspreventivemeasures(diet,exercise,braingames,etc.)forhealthspan.Socialconnectivityalsomattersasitcombatslonelinessandkeepsmindssharpaspeopleage.Proactivehealthmonitoringcanoptimizelongevitybyprovidingearlyinsightstoenabletimelyinterventions.PartV(Para.9)Thesecrettoalong,healthylife(throughgenetics,lifestyle,earlydetection)canmakehealthspanextensionpractical.Alongerhealthspanallowsagingtobeaphaseofgrowthfilledwithvitalityandmeaning,turninglongevityintoasocietalasset.2.IntensivereadingUnlockingthesecretsforlivingmoreyearsdisease-freePara.1Wearelivingmuchlonger

thanourancestors,butisthatalwaysagoodthing?Whilemodernmedicineandimprovedlivingconditionshaveextendedourlifeexpectancy,manyofusarealsospendingagreatportionofourlaterlives–sometimesoveradecade–saddledwithphysicalandmentalhealthconditionsthatcanmakedailylifechallenging.

Para.1Tomakesurewe

aregettingthemostoutofourentirelifespan,biologistsandlongevityresearchersarefocusingmoreandmoreonwaystoboostournumberofdisease-freeandactiveyears.

Languagepoints1expectancyn.thestateofexpectingorhopingthatsth.,esp.sth.goodorexciting,willhappen预料；预期

2Thedoctordiscussedthepatient’slifeexpectancywiththefamily.医生与家属讨论了患者的预期寿命。3Thereisanexpectancyofslowrecoveryforthistypeofinjury.对于这种类型的损伤，预期恢复会比较缓慢。LanguagepointsThesmallhospitalwassaddledwithtreatingasuddeninfluxofemergencypatients.这家小型医院被迫承担起救治突然涌入的急诊患者的重任。v.

(~with)tomakesb.haveajoborproblemthatisdifficultorboringandthattheydonotwant

使承担（苦差事）Theoverworkednursewassaddledwithextranightshifts.这位劳累过度的护士被安排承担额外的夜班。

020103saddleLanguagepoints01

n.

longlife;thefactoflastingalongtime长寿；长命Geneticfactorsplayasignificantroleindetermininghumanlongevity.遗传因素在决定人类长寿方面起重要作用。Abalanceddietandregularexercisearecloselylinkedtoincreasedlongevity.均衡饮食和规律运动与延长寿命密切相关。0203longevityPara.2Thisconcept,formallyknownashealthspan,referstotheyearslivedwithoutdisablingphysicalormentalimpairments.Althoughitfirstappearedinmedicaljournals

morethan30yearsago,theconcepthasbecomeincreasinglymainstreamamongcliniciansandpatientsalike.Para.2Itsdefinitionhasalsoevolvedtoemphasizenotjustlivinglongerbutalsoaddingmorequalitytimetoourlateryears,whencertainhealthconditionscouldseverelyimpederoutineactivities.Treatedhypertension,forexample,wouldn’tsignificantlyaffectyourhealthspan,butastrokeordementiawould,saysSharonInouye,aphysician-scientistatHarvardMedicalSchoolwhospecializesinaging.Languagepointsdisablinga.relatingtoaconditionorinjurythataffectsyourbodyoryourbrainandmakesyouunabletouseitproperly残疾的；伤残的Adisablinginjurycanchangeaperson’sdailylife.致残性损伤会改变一个人的日常生活。Earlytreatmentcanreducedisablingeffectsofthecondition.早期治疗能减轻这种疾病的致残影响。Languagepointsimpairmentn.

thestateofhavingaphysicalormentalconditionwhichmeansthatpartofyourbodyorbraindoesnotworkcorrectly(身体或智力方面的)损伤，障碍Long-termsmokingmayleadtolungfunctionimpairment.长期吸烟可能导致肺功能受损。Thedoctornotedanimpairmentinthepatient’svision.医生发现患者的视力存在受损情况。Languagepointsv.

todelayorstoptheprogressofsth.阻碍；阻止Excessivemucusproductionintheairwayscanimpedegasexchangeinthelungs.气道中过多的黏液分泌会阻碍肺部的气体交换。Scartissuemayimpedethenormalmovementofjoints.瘢痕组织可能会阻碍关节的正常活动。010203impedeLanguagepointsUntreatedhypertensionmayleadtostroke.未经治疗的高血压可能导致中风。n.

aconditioninwhichyourbloodpressureisextremelyhigh高血压Controllingsaltintakehelpsmanagehypertension.控制盐分摄入有助于管理高血压。020103hypertensionLanguagepointsdementian.

aseriousmentaldisordercausedbybraindiseaseorinjury,thataffectstheabilitytothink,remember,andbehavenormally痴呆Memorylossisacommonsignofdementia.记忆力减退是痴呆的常见症状。Exercisemayhelpslowtheprogressofdementia.运动可能有助于减缓痴呆的发展。Para.3Withtheconceptofhealthspannowfirmlyestablished,researcherslikeInouyearedivingdeeperintothescienceofaging.Para.3Theireffortsspanmultiplefronts:understanding

theunderlyingmechanismsofaging,identifyinghealth-promotinggenes,andzeroinginonstepstotakeinourdailylivestoimprovehealthspan.Despitethecomplexityofthesestudies,theconclusionissimple:Itisabsolutelypossibletolivehealthierevenaswelivelonger.Languagepointsmechanismn.

asystemofpartsinalivingthingthattogetherperformaparticularfunction（生物体内的）机制Scientistsstudythemechanismofhowcellsrepairthemselves.科学家们研究细胞自我修复的机制。Thebodyhasanaturalmechanismtofightinfections.人体有一种对抗感染的天然机制。Languagepointszerov.

(~inonsb./sth.)tofixallyourattentiononthepersonorthingmentioned集中全部注意力于Thesurgicalteamzeroedinonthedamagedbloodvesselduringtheoperation.手术中，团队将全部注意力集中在受损的血管上。Expertsarezeroinginonthelinkbetweensleepqualityandlong-termwellness.专家们正专注于研究睡眠质量与长期健康之间的联系。Para.4JustlookatthecentenariansthatresearcherNirBarzilaiworkswithattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicineintheBronx,NewYork.Inacademicparlance,hishealthystudyparticipantshaveaphenomenoncalled

compressionofmorbidity,wherepeopleexperienceillnessforonlyaverysmallportionoftheirlives.Para.4“Theydon’tjustlivelonger;theylivemuchhealthier,”saysBarzilai.“Theygotdiseases50yearsaftertheirfriendsand30yearsaftertheirchildren’sfriends.”Whilesomecentenarians

thrivethroughsheergoodluck:bornwithexceptionalgenetics,pinpointingwhichgenesarelinkedtoage-relateddisorderscouldleadtodrugsthatmimictheireffectsforpeoplewhoweren’tasluckyinthegeneticlottery.LanguagepointsThecentenarian’smedicalrecordsshowfewchronicillnesses.这位百岁老人的病历显示几乎没有慢性病。n.

apersonwhois100yearsoldormore

百岁老人

Doctorsstudiedthecentenarian’slifestyletounderstandfactorsinhealthyaging.医生研究了这位百岁老人的生活方式，以了解健康衰老的因素。020103centenarianLanguagepointsparlancen.

aparticularwayofusingwordsorexpressingyourself,forexampleoneusedbyaparticulargroup说法；术语

Inmedicalparlance,“URI”standsforupperrespiratoryinfection.在医学术语中，“URI”代表上呼吸道感染。Thedoctortranslatedthediagnosisintoeverydayparlanceforthepatient.医生把诊断结果用日常说法解释给患者听。Languagepoints01compressionn.

theprocessofpressingorsqueezingsth.sothatitissmaller压紧；压缩02Compressionofthenervecancausearmpain.神经受压可能导致手臂疼痛。03Thismachineusesgentlecompressiontoaidmusclerecovery.这台机器通过温和的压缩帮助肌肉恢复。Languagepointsmobidity

n.

thepresenceofillness,disease,orhealthconditionsthatnegativelyimpactanindividual’squalityoflife

病态；不健康

Chronicstresssignificantlyelevatesmorbidityriskinadults.慢性压力显著增加成年人的病态风险。Regularhealthscreeningscanhelpreducepreventablemorbidity.定期健康筛查有助于降低可预防疾病的发病几率。Languagepointsv.tolocateordescribeexactlyorprecisely准确指出Thereportpinpointedalackofexerciseasakeyriskfactor.报告指出缺乏运动是一个关键风险因素。

Thedoctorpinpointedstressasthemaincauseofhersymptoms.医生指出压力是她症状的主要原因。pinpointLanguagepointsmimicv.

tobehaveorworkinthesamewayassth.else模仿Certainvirusesmimicthebody’sownproteinstoavoiddetection.某些病毒模仿人体自身蛋白质以逃避检测。Thissyntheticdrugcanmimictheeffectsofnaturalhormones.这种合成药物能模仿天然激素的作用。Languagepoints1lotteryn.

asituationwhosesuccessorresultisbasedonluckratherthanoneffortorcarefulorganization碰运气的事2Accesstoexperimentaltreatmentscansometimesseemlikealotteryforterminallyillpatients.对于绝症患者，获得实验性治疗有时就像碰运气。3Findingamatchingorgandonorcanfeellikealottery.找到匹配的器官捐献者有时就像碰运气的事。Para.5Barzilai’sresearchhasconcentratedonthegenesthatmodulateour“good”cholesteroltohelpusstayhealthierinavarietyofways.Hisstudyparticipantsaremuchmorelikelytohaveaspecific

variantofthecholesterol-controllingCETPgene.Thosepatientstendtolivelongerwithbetterbrainfunction,hesays.Emulatingthatgene’seffectsisnowatargetofongoingresearch.Para.5Withsuchdrugsinourarsenalinthefuture,Barzilaisays,humanscanandwillimprovetheirhealthspan–particularlyiftheyfollowcurrentrecommendationsformodifyingdiet,exercise,andsocialinteractions.Languagepointsmodulatev.

tochangesth.,esp.inordertoachieveaparticulareffect调整；改变Thebraincanmodulatepainsignalstoreducediscomfort.大脑能够改变疼痛信号以减轻不适感。Exercisemaymodulatebloodsugarlevelsindiabeticpatients.运动可能调整糖尿病患者的血糖水平。Languagepointscholesteroln.

asubstanceinyourbloodthatcancauseheartdiseaseifyouhavetoomuchofit胆固醇Highcholesterolcanincreasetheriskofheartdisease.高胆固醇会增加患心脏病的风险。Exerciseiseffectiveinmanaginghealthycholesterollevels.运动对维持健康的胆固醇水平很有效。Languagepointsemulatev.

totrytobelikesb.orsth.else,usu.becauseyouadmirethem（通常由于羡慕而）仿效Youngdoctorsoftenemulateskilledsurgeonsintheoperatingroom.年轻医生常在手术室里仿效技术精湛的外科医生。Shetriestoemulatethenurse’sgentlewaywithanxiouspatients.她努力仿效那位护士安抚焦虑患者的温柔方式。Languagepointsarsenaln.

theequipment,methods,etc.thatsb.canusetohelpthemachievesth.宝库；珍藏Medicalsciencehasanarsenaloftreatmentsforinfections.医学领域拥有大量治疗感染的方法。Publichealthcampaignsdrawfromanarsenalofpreventionstrategies.公共卫生宣传借鉴了大量预防策略。Para.6Prevention,accordingtoInouye,isthemostimportantworkinhealthspan.Recentresearchpublishedin

JAMAInternalMedicine,

whereInouyeservesaseditorinchief,showsthatdiet,exercise,braingames,andotherstepscansignificantlyhelppreservecerebralfunction.Para.6Barzilaiagrees.“Rightnow,withouttakinganydrugs,wecanbasicallymaximizeourexercise,ournutrition,oursleep,andoursocialconnectivity,”hesays.“Thosearethefourthingsthatanybodywhowantstocando.”Languagepoints1cerebrala.relatingtothebrain

大脑的;脑的

2Cerebralbloodvesselsneedtobeingoodconditiontoensuresufficientoxygensupplytothebrain.脑血管需要处于良好状态，以确保向大脑提供充足的氧气。3Thepatient'ssymptomsmightberelatedtoaprobleminthecerebralhemisphere.患者的症状可能与大脑半球出现的问题有关。Languagepointsconnectivityn.theabilitytoestablishandmaintainmeaningfulrelationshipsandinteractionswithothers联结性Healthymuscleconnectivityhelpswithsmoothbodymovement.健康肌肉的联结性有助于身体实现平稳运动。Damagetothespinemayreduceconnectivitybetweenthebrainandlegs.脊柱损伤可能会降低大脑与腿部之间的联结性。Para.7Yetamongthesefactors,socialconnectivityisoftenthemostoverlooked–despiteitsprofoundimpactonagingwell.Thisneglectcancauseissuesovertimebecausepeople’sfriendcirclesnaturallytendtoshrinkastheyage.Para.7

Evenifyouroutinelyinteractwithatleastonepersonyoulivewith,likeaspouse,othersocialrelationshipsandexperiencesremainimportantinoldagebecausetheycanoffsetlonelinessandkeepyoumentallysharp.Languagepointsv.

todosth.toreduceorpreventthebadorharmfuleffectsofsth.抵消offsetExercisecanoffsetthenegativeeffectsofasedentarylifestyle.运动可以抵消久坐生活方式带来的负面影响。Ahealthydietmayoffsetsomerisksofheartdisease.健康的饮食或许能抵消心脏病的部分风险。

Para.8Beyondlifestyleandsocialties,proactivehealthmonitoringcanfurtheroptimizelongevity.Para.8

MattKaeberlein,alongevityresearcherfromtheUniversityofWashington,advisesthatregularlytrackingbaselinehealthindicatorssuchasvitaminlevels,hormonebalance,andbloodsugarlevelsinyour30sor40scanprovidevaluableinsights.Thisearlydatacouldinformwhatactionstotakelaterinlifeandletyouknowifurgentinterventionsareneeded.Languagepointsa.

makingthingshappenorchangeratherthanreactingtoevents积极的；主动的proactive

Aproactiveapproachhelpspreventmanyillnesses.积极的做法有助于预防多种疾病。Doctorsencourageproactivelifestylechangesforbetterhealth.医生鼓励人们积极调整生活方式，以实现更健康的状态。Languagepointsv.

tomakesth.aseffective,perfect,orusefulaspossible优化Sleepqualityshouldbeoptimizedforbetterhealth.应优化睡眠质量以增进健康。Doctorsaimtooptimizepatientrecoverytime.医生致力于优化患者的康复时间。010203optimize

Para.9Ultimately,thesecrettolivingalong,healthylifeisalsothesecrettolivingafulfillingone.Throughgeneticinterventiontodelaydisease,lifestyleadjustment,andearlydetectiontopredictrisk,theextensionofahealthylifewillnolongerbeavision,butapracticalpictureoflife.Alongerhealthspanoffersmorethanjustextrayears.Para.9Imagineagingnotasadecline,butasanopportunitytocontribute

wisdom,nurturerelationships,andexplorepassionsunhinderedbypreventableillness.This

visiontransformslongevityfromabiologicalachievementintoasocietalasset.Byprioritizinghealthspan,wecanredefineagingasaphaseofgrowth,wherevitalityandmeaningcoexist,empoweringpeopletoleavelastinglegaciesshapedbyexperienceandresilience.Languagepointsunhindereda.

withoutanythingstoppingorpreventingtheprogressofsb./sth.不受阻挡的

Unhinderedbloodflowisvitalforhearthealth.畅通无阻的血流对心脏健康至关重要。Aclearairwayensuresunhinderedbreathingduringsurgery.通畅的气道能确保手术期间呼吸不受阻碍。Languagepointsprioritizev.

totreatsth.asbeingmoreimportantthanotherthings优先处理Doctorsmustprioritizetreatingthemostcriticalpatientsfirst.医生必须优先处理最危急的患者。Theclinicprioritizesurgentcasesoverroutinecheck-ups.诊所将紧急病例置于常规检查之前优先处理。Languagepointslegacyn.

sth.thatisapartofyourhistoryorthatremainsfromanearliertime遗产；遗留物Hislegacyfundstrainingforyoungdoctors.他的遗产用于资助年轻医生的培训。Hislifelongstudiesleftalegacyofknowledgeaboutraregeneticdiseases.他毕生的研究为罕见遗传病领域留下了宝贵的知识遗产。developingdrugsto2)________________effectsofbeneficialgenesApproachestoalongerhealthspanGeneticresearchfocusingongeneslikethecholesterol-controlling1)

__________geneCETPemulate/mimicApproachestoalongerhealthspanLifestyleadjustmenttakingstepslikediet,exercise,andbraingamestopreserve3)

__________________healthbrain/cerebralApproachestoalongerhealthspan__________maintainingsocialrelationshipsandexperiencestooffset5)

__________andkeepmentalsharpnessSocialconnectivitylonelinessusingearlydatatoinformlateractionsanddetecttheneedfor8)

__________interventionsApproachestoalongerhealthspanProactivehealthmonitoringtracking6)

_________________suchasvitaminlevels,hormonebalance,and7)

______________levelsbaselinehealthindicatorsbloodsugarurgent3.Difficulties&Paraphrasing1(Para.1)“Whilemodernmedicineandimprovedlivingconditionshaveextendedourlifeexpectancy,manyofusarealsospendingagreatportionofourlaterlives–sometimesoveradecade–saddledwithphysicalandmentalhealthconditionsthatcanmakedailylifechallenging.”1(Para.1)ParaphraseEventhoughadvancesinmodernhealthcareandbetterlivingenvironmentshavelengthenedhowlongwe’reexpectedtolive,alotofusendupspendingalargepartofourlateryears—oftenmorethantenyears—burdenedbyphysicalandpsychologicalhealthissuesthatcanturneverydaylifeintoastruggle.2(Para.4)“Theframeworkiscurrentlyunderwaytoprovidedirection,preventproblems,regulatealgorithmprotocols,weighthebenefitsofintelligenttechnologyagainsttheharms,allowfordataprivacy,andaddresshealthinequalityissuesforpatientswhomaynothavereliableinternetaccess.”“Bornwithexceptionalgenetics,pinpointingwhichgenesarelinkedtoage-relateddisorderscouldleadtodrugsthatmimictheireffectsforpeoplewhoweren’tasluckyinthegeneticlottery.”2(Para.4)ParaphraseCertainindividualscomeintotheworldwithsuchimpressivegenetics.Byfiguringoutwhichofthesegenesaretiedtoresistingage-relateddiseases,scientistscouldcreatedrugsthatcopytheirbeneficialeffects—helpingthosewhoweren’tasgeneticallyfor