2024-2025学年北京市朝阳区高二下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市朝阳区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Outsideafewsnowflakes(雪花)felldownasthegreyafternoonskydarkened.AlthoughitwaslessthanoneweekbeforetheNewYear,Ifounditdifficulttobeina____1____mood.Myfamilyhadjustmovedtothiscountryandwasgoingthroughaverydifficultyear.Theholidaysweredifficultforusbecausewe____2____ourhometown.NoonewascomingoverfortheNewYeareither.Wewouldbespendingthefestivalalone.Asawaveofhomesickness____3____myfamily,thedoorbellrang.Itwasdarkoutside,andweweren’t____4____anyone.Myfifteen-year-olddaughterRachelwenttoopenthedoor,andthensaid,“Mom,there’saboxonthedoorstep—withpresents...andnobodyisouthere!”Whocouldhaveleftit?Itwasindeeda(n)____5____.Theboxcontainedsomepackageswrappedinbrightpaper.Eachhadatypewrittenlabel:OpenDec.27th,OpenDec.28th,…Therewereatotalofsix.ItwasDecember27th,andthelabelforthatdaywas____6____toapackageofsteaks.Thelabelread:Enjoyfunwithyourfamily.Afterthat,wegatheredeachdayasafamilytoopenonemoregift.Wewouldtrytoguesswhateachpackagecontained,whichbecamea____7____forus.Asthedayspassed,wealso____8____butter,potatoes,sausages,peppersandberries.AlltogetherthepackagesmadeacompleteNewYeardinner.Butitturnedoutwedidn’tneedtouseourpackagesoffoodontheNewYear’sDaybecauseafamilyfromwork____9____invitedusoverfordinneronDecember31st.Wefeltsoblessed,andweresothankfultobeloved!Now,twodecadeslater,thattoughyearisadistantmemory.WeneverfindoutwhogaveustheNewYeargift.ButI’malways____10____forthespiritofkindnessandgenerositythatcameatatimewedesperatelyneededtoknowwewerenotaloneafterall.1.A.joyful B.nervous C.depressed D.confident2.A.visited B.admired C.missed D.forgot3.A.cheeredup B.sweptover C.broughtback D.tookapart4.A.expecting B.detecting C.bothering D.informing5.A.accident B.mystery C.chance D.mistake6.A.delivered B.exposed C.related D.attached7.A.strategy B.problem C.trick D.game8.A.made B.examined C.discovered D.bought9.A.kindly B.calmly C.randomly D.hesitantly10.A.eager B.ready C.grateful D.responsible【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.A5.B6.D7.D8.C9.A10.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家在新年之际收到神秘礼物，度过温暖节日的故事。【1题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管离新年不到一周了，但我发现自己很难感到快乐。A.joyful快乐的；B.nervous紧张的；C.depressed沮丧的；D.confident自信的。根据下文“Myfamilyhadjustmovedtothiscountryandwasgoingthroughaverydifficultyear.Theholidaysweredifficultforusbecausewe________ourhometown.NoonewascomingoverfortheNewYeareither.Wewouldbespendingthefestivalalone.”可知，作者一家刚搬到这个国家，正在经历艰难的一年，假期对他们来说很困难，因为想念家乡，也没有人来一起过新年，所以作者难以感到快乐。故选A。【2题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：假期对我们来说很艰难，因为我们想念家乡。A.visited参观；B.admired钦佩；C.missed想念；D.forgot忘记。根据上文“Myfamilyhadjustmovedtothiscountryandwasgoingthroughaverydifficultyear.Theholidaysweredifficultforus”可知，作者一家刚搬到这个国家，正在经历艰难的一年，所以假期对他们来说很艰难，因为他们想念家乡。故选C。【3题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当一阵思乡之情席卷我的家人时，门铃响了。A.cheeredup使振奋；B.sweptover席卷；C.broughtback带回；D.tookapart拆开。根据上文“Theholidaysweredifficultforusbecausewe_______ourhometown.NoonewascomingoverfortheNewYeareither.Wewouldbespendingthefestivalalone.”和“Asawaveofhomesickness”可知，作者一家想念家乡，一阵思乡之情席卷了作者一家人。故选B。【4题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：外面很黑，我们没料到会有人来。A.expecting期待；B.detecting检测；C.bothering打扰；D.informing通知。根据上文“NoonewascomingoverfortheNewYeareither”以及“Itwasdarkoutside”可知，作者一家刚搬到这个国家，也没有人来一起过新年，而且外面很黑，所以作者一家没料到会有人来。故选A。【5题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这确实是个谜。A.accident事故；B.mystery谜；C.chance机会；D.mistake错误。根据上文“Whocouldhaveleftit?”可知，作者一家不知道是谁留下的礼物，所以这确实是个谜。故选B。【6题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天是12月27日，那天的标签被贴在一包牛排上。A.delivered递送；B.exposed暴露；C.related联系；D.attached贴上。根据下文“toapackageofsteaks.Thelabelread:Enjoyfunwithyourfamily”可知，标签被贴在一包牛排上。故选D。【7题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们会试着猜每个包裹里装的是什么，这成了我们的一个游戏。A.strategy策略；B.problem问题；C.trick诡计；D.game游戏。根据上文“Wewouldtrytoguesswhateachpackagecontained”可知，作者一家会试着猜每个包裹里装的是什么，所以这成了他们的一个游戏。故选D。【8题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我们还发现了黄油、土豆、香肠、辣椒和浆果。A.made制作；B.examined检查；C.discovered发现；D.bought买。根据下文“butter,potatoes,sausages,peppersandberries.AlltogetherthepackagesmadeacompleteNewYeardinner.”可知，下文的这些东西是作者一家在包裹中发现的。故选C。【9题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但事实证明，我们不需要在新年那天使用我们的食物包裹，因为12月31日，我们一家工作上认识的一家人好心地邀请他们去吃晚饭。A.kindly好心地；B.calmly冷静地；C.randomly随机地；D.hesitantly犹豫地。根据下文“invitedusoverfordinneronDecember31st”可知，作者一家工作上认识的一家人邀请他们去吃晚饭，说明是好心地邀请。故选A。【10题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我一直感激那种善良和慷慨的精神，在我们迫切需要知道我们并不孤单的时候，它出现了。A.eager渴望的；B.ready准备好的；C.grateful感激的；D.responsible负责的。根据下文“forthespiritofkindnessandgenerositythatcameatatimewedesperatelyneededtoknowwewerenotaloneafterall”可知，作者一家在最需要帮助的时候得到了帮助，所以一直感激那种善良和慷慨的精神。故选C。第二节选词填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句意、从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并使用其正确形式填空。submitfrequentproposestrikereliableproceedtodisturbgetridofbededicatedtoinanattemptto11.Theteamhadto________thefalsedatatoensureaccurateresults.12.Beforethedeadline,studentsmust________theirfinalessaysonline.13.Theemployeesstayedupallnight________finishtheprojectontime.14.Theorganization________helpingtheelderlylivingalone,aspartofitslong-termmissionistoservethecommunity.【答案】11.getridof12.submit13.inanattemptto14.isdedicatedto【11题详析】考查固定短语、动词不定式。句意：团队必须摆脱虚假数据以确保结果的准确性。根据空后的“thefalsedatatoensureaccurateresults”可知，空处应用getridof，表示“摆脱，去除”，这里指去除虚假数据，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。故填getridof。【12题详析】考查动词、情态动词。句意：在截止日期前，学生必须在线提交他们的期末论文。根据空后的“theirfinalessaysonline”可知，空处应用submit，表示“提交”，这里指提交论文。位于情态动词must后，动词用原形。故填submit。【13题详析】考查固定短语。句意：员工们通宵工作，试图按时完成项目。根据空后的“finishtheprojectontime”可知，空处应用inanattemptto，表示“试图，企图”，这里指员工们试图按时完成项目。故填inanattemptto。【14题详析】考查固定短语、时态。句意：该组织致力于帮助独居老人，因为服务社区是其长期使命的一部分。根据空后的“helpingtheelderlylivingalone”可知，空处应用bededicatedto，表示“致力于……”，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Theorganization为第三人称单数，所以be动词用is。故填isdedicatedto。第三节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。15.Alotmoreplasticwaste________(throw)intotheoceanlastyear.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】wasthrown【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：去年，更多的塑料垃圾被扔进了海洋。根据时间状语lastyear可知，时态应使用一般过去时态，throw“扔”与主语plasticwaste之间是被动关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，又因主语是不可数名词，be动词用was。故填wasthrown。16.Luckily,theparents________(put)awayalltheclothesbeforeitrained.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】hadput【解析】考查时态。句意：幸运的是，父母在下雨前把所有的衣服都收起来了。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语从句beforeitrained可知，此处表示过去的过去发生的动作，应用过去完成时。故填hadput。17.Shewantsajob__________hermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.(用适当的词填空)【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺状语，先行词是抽象地点名词job，故用关系副词where引导从句。故答案是where。18.Tomaccidentallyslippedonthewetfloor,________(injure)hisarmbadly.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】injuring【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆不小心在湿地板上滑倒了，结果手臂受了重伤。句中有谓语动词slipped且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，injure意为“使受伤”，Tom与injure为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词injuring，作结果状语，表示滑倒导致的自然结果。故填injuring。19.Thepoliticiansdeliveredseveralpowerful________(speech)attheconference.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】speeches【解析】考查名词复数。句意：政客们在会议上发表了几次强有力的演讲。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作宾语，且根据several“几次”可知，此处应用可数名词复数形式，speech的复数形式为speeches。故填speeches。20.Thegovernment________(invest)2billionRMBinrenewableenergybynow.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】hasinvested【解析】考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，政府已经在可再生能源上投资了20亿元人民币。根据时间状语“bynow(到目前为止)”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语Thegovernment是第三人称单数，助动词用has；invest的过去分词是invested。故填hasinvested。21.Themedicalstudentswereunsureabout________theyshoulddowiththeemergency.(用适当的词填空)【答案】what【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：医科学生不确定紧急情况下他们应该做什么。分析句子结构可知，介词about后有一个完整的句子，即介词后有一个宾语从句。宾语从句的动词do“做”需要接一个宾语，连接代词what“什么”符合语境，且能充当宾语。故填what。22.Thelittlechildmadegreatefforts________(reach)fortheripepearhangingonthebranch.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】toreach【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小孩努力去够挂在树枝上的熟梨。分析句子可知，设空处应填动词不定式作目的状语，“makeeffortstodosth.”为固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”。故填toreach。23.Nowadays,theInternet,aswellasmodernsatellites,________(connect)remoteareasglobally.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】connects【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：如今，互联网和现代卫星连接了全球的偏远地区。本句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时；aswellas连接两个主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致，即与theInternet保持一致，theInternet为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式connects“连接”。故填connects。24.When________(question)aboutitsfactories’damagetotheenvironment,thecompanyinsistedthatithaddonenothingwrong.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】questioned【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当被问及工厂对环境的破坏时，该公司坚持认为自己没有做错任何事。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的时间状语从句完整句子为whenthecompanywas____(question)，主语thecompany与question“问”为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与空前的was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填questioned。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheSummerAcademyforMathandScience(SAMS)Programmirrorstheundergraduate(本科生)experience,givingrisingseniorstheopportunitytoexplorethefascinatingworldofscience,technology,engineeringandmath(STEM).Weprovideyouwithexperiencethatincludesacademicandpersonaldevelopmentbothinsideandoutsideoftheclassroominordertopreparestudentsforthefuture.Liveandlearninacollegesettingthatwillchallengeyoutodiscoveryourbestself.CourseHighlightsInourprogram,studentswill:•GainanunderstandingofthetheoryofresearchdesigninSTEM-relatedfields.•Participateinweeklywritingsessionsoncollegeapplicationpreparation.•Learnmoreaboutcooperativelearningthroughgroupdiscussions.•InteractwithprofessionalstoexploreSTEMmajors.•CompletetheFromStudenttoScholar,acoursedesignedtohelpstudentsbetterunderstandwhotheyare,whotheywanttobe,andlearnwhatittakestogetthere.ApplicationRequirementsTobequalifiedfortheSAMSProgram,studentsmust:•Bein11thgradeinhighschoolatthetimeofapplicationsubmission.•DemonstrateastronginterestinSTEMdisciplines.•Haveanexperiencethatdemonstratesacommitmentincommunityengagement.Allqualifiedstudentsarewelcometoapply,andwestronglyencourageapplicationsfromstudentswhoareunderrepresentedinSTEMonthebasisof,butnotlimitedby:•BeingraisedinahomewhereEnglishwasasecondlanguage.•Currentlyattendingahighschoolwithhistoricallylowratesofadmittancetopremierinstitutions.•Identifyingasfirst-generationcollegestudentswhoseparent(s)didnotattendcollege.25.TheSAMSProgramhelpsstudents________.A.designSTEMcourses B.experiencecollegelifeC.adapttoclassroomlearning D.getalongwithundergraduates26.IntheSAMSProgram,studentswill________.A.formbetterself-awarenessB.conducttheirownresearchC.completetheircollegeapplicationD.assistexpertsingroupdiscussions27.WhichisarequirementfortheSAMSProgramapplicants?A.Graduatingfromatoplocalhighschool.B.Comingfromanon-nativeEnglishfamily.C.Havingpreviousinvolvementincommunitywork.D.Beingchildrenofparentswithoutcollegeeducation.【答案】25.B26.A27.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了夏季数学与科学学院(SAMS)项目，包括项目内容、课程亮点、申请要求等信息。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“TheSummerAcademyforMathandScience(SAMS)Programmirrorstheundergraduate(本科生)experience,givingrisingseniorstheopportunitytoexplorethefascinatingworldofscience,technology,engineeringandmath(STEM).Weprovideyouwithexperiencethatincludesacademicandpersonaldevelopmentbothinsideandoutsideoftheclassroominordertopreparestudentsforthefuture.Liveandlearninacollegesettingthatwillchallengeyoutodiscoveryourbestself.(夏季数学与科学学院(SAMS)项目反映了本科生的经历，为即将升入高三的学生提供了探索科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)这一迷人世界的机会。我们为您提供包括课堂内外学术和个人发展的经验，为学生的未来做好准备。在大学环境中生活和学习，挑战您发现最好的自己)”可知，SAMS项目帮助学生体验大学生活。故选B。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据CourseHighlights部分中“CompletetheFromStudenttoScholar,acoursedesignedtohelpstudentsbetterunderstandwhotheyare,whotheywanttobe,andlearnwhatittakestogetthere.(完成从学生到学者的课程，这门课程旨在帮助学生更好地了解自己是谁，想成为什么样的人，并学习如何实现这一目标)”可知，在SAMS项目中，学生将形成更好的自我意识。故选A。【27题详析】细节理解题。根据ApplicationRequirements部分中“TobequalifiedfortheSAMSProgram,studentsmust:(要获得SAMS项目的资格，学生必须：)”以及“Haveanexperiencethatdemonstratesacommitmentincommunityengagement.(有参与社区活动的经历)”可知，SAMS项目申请人的要求是之前参与过社区工作。故选C。BRunninghasalwaysbeenmywaytojustbreathe.ItusedtobethatwhenIran,mybodyspedforward,butmymindfoundararestillness,makingmefeelstrong,grounded,clear-headedandfree.ThatchangedduringthethirdyearofmyundergraduatewhenIwasdeeplyhurtbysomeoneItrusted—someoneIconsideredafriend.Almostovernight,IwithdrewfromthesocialpersonIoncewas.IfeltIneededtofindawaytodealwithitonmyown.Runninglateatnightsandinearlymorningsbecamemyshelterfromthatbadmemory.Iwassearchingforacureintheacheofmymusclesandtheburnofmylungs.Iranfasterandharder,thinkingthatmaybeifIabusedmybody,thepainwouldgoaway.IpusheddistancesandlimitsIhadnevertriedbefore.Thatfall,Isignedupforafullmarathon.Irememberthemomentmyrightkneegaveout4monthsintomytraining.Asharppainhit.Icollapsedandcried,releasingtearsIhadheldbackformonths.Icouldnolongerputpressureonmyrightknee.Gradually,asIrecovered,Istartedrunningagain.Tomysurprise,Ifeltashift,subtle(不易察觉的)atfirst.Myruns,oncefuelledbypain,becamequieter.Theroaddidn’tdemandasmuchfromme.Asmall,barelyheardvoiceinsidemesaid,“Enough.”Inolongerneededtorunforthehurt.Ihadlearnedtolivewithit,andtocarrythepainwithoutlettingitconsumeordefineme.Iswitchedtorunningahalfmarathontoallowmybodytorecoverandbeganrunningalongsidefriendsandjoiningwomen’srunninggroups.WhenIcrossedthefinishline,itwasn’tareleasebutratherarecognitionofthestrengthIhadalwayscarried.Unstopping.Ifeltlikemyselfagain.Ittaughtmetopause,toaskmyselfwhatIrunfor,andtolearntobekindtothebodythatcarriesmeeverystepoftheway.28.Whatmadetheauthoravoidsocializing?A.Theneedforrunning. B.Thesearchforfreedom.C.Thepursuitofaclearmind. D.Theharmfromafriend.29.Whydidtheauthorrunfasterandharder?A.Toeasehersuffering. B.Totrainhermuscles.C.Tounlockherpotential. D.Tofightforamarathon.30.Asforrunning,howdidtheauthorfeelafterherknee’sinjury?A.Excited. B.Challenged. C.Relieved. D.Disappointed.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Loveisaverb.Actitout.B.Thinktwicebeforeyoumove.C.Youholdtheseedofyourrebirth.D.Successisbuiltonfocus,notfear.【答案】28.D29.A30.C31.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因朋友伤害而逃避社交，通过跑步寻求治愈，最终学会与伤痛共处并找回自我的经历。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThatchangedduringthethirdyearofmyundergraduatewhenIwasdeeplyhurtbysomeoneItrusted—someoneIconsideredafriend.Almostovernight,IwithdrewfromthesocialpersonIoncewas.(这在我本科第三年发生了变化，当时我被我信任的人深深伤害了——一个我认为是朋友的人。几乎一夜之间，我从曾经的那个善于社交的人中退缩了。)”可知，作者因为被朋友伤害而开始逃避社交。故选D。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Iwassearchingforacureintheacheofmymusclesandtheburnofmylungs.Iranfasterandharder,thinkingthatmaybeifIabusedmybody,thepainwouldgoaway.(我在肌肉的疼痛和肺部的灼烧中寻找治愈方法。我跑得更快更猛，心想也许如果我虐待自己的身体，疼痛就会消失。)”可知，作者跑得更快更猛是为了减轻痛苦。故选A。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Icollapsedandcried,releasingtearsIhadheldbackformonths.(我倒下哭了，释放了我憋了几个月的眼泪。)”以及“Gradually,asIrecovered,Istartedrunningagain.Tomysurprise,Ifeltashift,subtle(不易察觉的)atfirst.Myruns,oncefuelledbypain,becamequieter.Theroaddidn’tdemandasmuchfromme.

(渐渐地，随着我康复，我又开始跑步了。令我惊讶的是，我感到了一种转变，起初很微妙。我的跑步曾经因疼痛而加速，现在变得更安静了。)”“Inolongerneededtorunforthehurt.Ihadlearnedtolivewithit,andtocarrythepainwithoutlettingitconsumeordefineme.(我不再需要为受伤而奔跑。我学会了忍受它，学会了承受痛苦，而不是让它吞噬或定义我)”可知，作者膝盖受伤后倒下哭了，但逐渐康复后，再次跑步时感到了一种转变，因为她不再用跑步宣泄痛苦，受伤后作者对跑步的感觉是解脱的。故选C。【31题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Ifeltlikemyselfagain.Ittaughtmetopause,toaskmyselfwhatIrunfor,andtolearntobekindtothebodythatcarriesmeeverystepoftheway.(我又找回了自我。它教会我停下来，问问自己为什么跑步，并学会善待每一步都陪伴着我的身体。)”可知，文章通过讲述作者因朋友伤害而逃避社交，通过跑步寻求治愈，最终学会与伤痛共处并找回自我的经历，传达了“自我救赎与成长”的主题，即“你掌握着自己重生的种子”。故选C。CANationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)projectthatstudiedoverahundredyoungpeopleastheygrewupduringthe1990sshowedthatourbrainsundergoamassivereorganizationbetweenour12thand25thyears.Thebraindoesn’tactuallygrowverymuchduringthisperiod.Ithasalreadyreached90percentofitsfullsizebythetimeapersonissix.Butaswemovethroughadolescence,thebrainundergoesextensiveremodeling,resemblinganetworkandwiringupgrade.BeatrizLuna,professorofUniversityofPittsburgh,usedneuroimagingtostudytheteenbrain.Lunascannedthebrainsofchildren,teens,andtwentysomethingswhiletheyperformedaspecifictask.Theyviewascreenonwhichtheredcrosshairsatthecenteroccasionallydisappearjustasalightflasheselsewhereonthescreen.Theinstructionsaretonotlookatthelightandinsteadtolookintheoppositedirection.Asensordetectsanyeyemovement.Ten-year-oldsfailabout45percentofthetime.Teensdomuchbetter.WhatLunafoundmostinteresting,however,wasnotthosescores.Itwasthebrainscansshetookwhilepeopletookthetest.Comparedwithadults,teenstendedtomakelessuseofbrainregionsthatspoterrors,plan,andstayfocused—areastheadultsseemedtobringonlineautomatically.Thislettheadultsuseavarietyofbrainresourcesandbetterresistdistractions,whiletheteensusedthoseareaslessoftenandmorereadilygaveintotheimpulsetolookattheflashinglight.Thishelpsexplainwhyteensbehavewithsuchannoyinginconsistency:attractingatbreakfast,disgustingatdinner;masterfulonMonday,sleepwalkingonSaturday.Meanwhile,takeinspirationinonelastdistinctionoftheteenbrain—afinalkeytobothitsawkwardnessanditsremarkableadaptability.Thisisthelastingplasticityofthoselate-developingfrontalareasastheyslowlymature.Andatfirstglancethisseemslikebadnews:Ifweneedtheseareasforthecomplextaskofenteringtheworld,whyaren’ttheyrunningatfullspeedwhenthechallengesaremostdiscouraging?Theansweristhatspeedcomesatthepriceofflexibility.AccordingtoDouglasFields,anNIHneuroscientist,“Thismeanstheperiodwhenabrainareaisgettingupgradedisasortofcrucialperiodoflearning—oncethat’sdoneit’shardertochange.”Thelong,slow,back-to-frontdevelopmentalwave,completedonlyinthemid-20s,appearstobeauniquelyhumanadaptation.Itmaybeoneofourmostsequential.Itcanseemabitcrazythatwehumansdon’twiseupabitearlierinlife.Butifwesmartenedupsooner,we’dendupmorestupid.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resembling”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Buildingup. B.Lookinglike.C.Breakingdown. D.Connectingto.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Bepatientandteamscanstillbesmarter.B.Befocusedandwewillfacetheworldbetter.C.Brainshavethetendencytolevelupwhenneeded.D.Brains’processingspeediscompromisedastheymature.34.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toanalysethecompositionofhumanbrains.B.Tofindreasonforteens’inconsistentbehaviours.C.Tomakeacontrastbetweenteenandadultbrains.D.Toexplainhumanbrainsdevelopatareasonablepace.【答案】32.B33.A34.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类大脑在12岁到25岁之间经历大规模重组，解释了青少年行为特点及大脑发育的合理性。【32题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Butaswemovethroughadolescence,thebrainundergoesextensiveremodeling,resemblinganetworkandwiringupgrade.(但是，当我们进入青春期时，大脑会经历广泛的重塑，就像网络和线路升级一样。)”可知，大脑经历重塑，类似于网络和线路的升级，故resembling意为“像，类似于”。选项B“Lookinglike.(看起来像。)”符合题意。故选B。【33题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thelong,slow,back-to-frontdevelopmentalwave,completedonlyinthemid-20s,appearstobeauniquelyhumanadaptation.Itmaybeoneofourmostsequential.Itcanseemabitcrazythatwehumansdon'twiseupabitearlierinlife.Butifwesmartenedupsooner,we’dendupmorestupid.(这种漫长、缓慢、从后到前的发展浪潮，直到20多岁中期才完成，似乎是人类独有的适应方式。这可能是我们最具顺序性的特征之一。我们人类在生命早期没有变得更聪明一点，这似乎有点疯狂。但如果我们早点变得聪明，我们最终会变得更笨。)”可知，要有耐心，青少年仍然可以更聪明。故选A。【34题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“ANationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)projectthatstudiedoverahundredyoungpeopleastheygrewupduringthe1990sshowedthatourbrainsundergoamassivereorganizationbetweenour12thand25thyears.(美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）的一项项目对上世纪90年代成长起来的100多名年轻人进行了研究，结果显示，我们的大脑在12岁到25岁之间会经历大规模的重组。)”以及最后一段中“Thelong,slow,back-to-frontdevelopmentalwave,completedonlyinthemid-20s,appearstobeauniquelyhumanadaptation.(这种漫长、缓慢、从后到前的发展浪潮，直到20多岁中期才完成，似乎是人类独有的适应方式。)”可知，文章主要解释了人类大脑在青少年时期到成年早期的发育过程，以及这一发育过程的合理性和必要性，即人类大脑以合理的速度发育。选项D“Toexplainhumanbrainsdevelopatareasonablepace.(解释人类大脑以合理的速度发育。)”符合题意。故选D。D

Ah,theworldOh,theworld—Moby-Dick.Thefirstscientificstudyofspermwhaleswaspublishedin1835byaScottishshipdoctornamedThomasBeale.Bealebelievedspermwhalestobesilent.HermanMelvillereliedheavilyonBealeincomposingMoly-Dick.“Thewhalehasnovoice,”Melvillewrote.“Butthenagain,”hewenton,“whathasthewhaletosay?SeldomhaveIspermwhaleknownanyprofoundbeingthathadanythingtosaytothisworld,unlessforcedtospeakoutsomethingbywayofgettingaliving.”Thequestionofwhetheranyspeciespossessesa“communicationsystem”comparabletothatofhumansisanopenandmuchdebatedone.Inthe1950s,thebehavioristB.F.Skinnerarguedthatchildrenlearnlanguagethroughpositivereinforcement;therefore,otheranimalsshouldbeabletodothesame.ThelinguistNoamChomskyhadadifferentview.Hedismissedthenotionthatkidsacquirelanguageviaconditioning,andalsothepossibilitythatlanguagewasavailabletootherspecies.MichaelBronstein,acomputerscientistfromtheRadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudyinCambridge,decidedtodiscoverthemeaningofspermwhales’codas—quickburstsofclicksproducedbythewhales—whichtheyexchangewithoneanother.ThuswasborntheCetaceanTranslationInitiative—ProjectCETIforshort,whichrepresentsthemostambitious,themosttechnologicallyadvanced,andthemostwell-fundedeffortevermadetocommunicatewithanotherspecies.“OneimportantthingthatIthinkwillbeanoutcomeofthisprojecthastodowithhowweseelifeonlandandintheoceans,”Bronsteinsaid.“Ifweunderstand—orwehaveevidence,andveryclearevidenceintheformoflanguage-likecommunication—thatintelligentcreaturesarelivingthereandthatwearedestroyingthem,thatcouldchangethewaythatweapproachourEarth.Ifwecouldunderstandwhatthey’resaying,insteadof‘savethewhales’itwillbe‘savedbythewhales’.”AIsharesthishope.OratleasttheAI-poweredlanguagemodelissmartenoughtoexpressit.Notlongago,sufferingfromwriter’sblock,IaskedanAIchatbotifitcouldrewriteMoby-Dickfromthewhale’sperspective.TheAIchatbotwrote:Deepinthesea,Ilongedtocommunicatewiththecaptain,toshowhimthatmykind,too,hademotionsandfamiliestoprotect.Butthelanguagebarrierbetweenourworldsremainedagapthatcannotbebridged.Andthestoryendswithasomewhatdepressingbutnotunaffectedemotionalrequest:I,theWhiteWhale,couldonlywonderiftherewouldevercomeadaywhenmanandwhalewouldunderstandeachother,findingharmonyinthevastnessoftheocean’sembrace.35.WhydoestheauthorquoteHermanMelville?A.Torevealthepossibilityofwhales’talking.B.Topresentthepopularityofwhalesinliterature.C.Tohighlightthevalueofvoicesinmakingaliving.D.Toprovecommunicationsystemisuniquetohumans.36.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Livinginagreementwithnatureiswellunderway.B.TheauthormaybelieveSkinnermorethanChomsky.C.AIchatbotshaveabigadvantageoverhumansinwriting.D.CETIwassetuptoproveotherintelligentcreaturesexist.37.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Humanscancorrecttheirmistakewhentheyknowit.B.Humansaretoostubborntounderstandotherspecies.C.Tofigureoutwhetherotheranimalshavelanguagesisurgent.D.Weneedcrosslanguagebarrierstogetthroughtootherspecies.38.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.LookAhead:HowAreHumans’BehavioursAffectingtheNature?B.TalktoThem:CanWeBeEquippedtoSpeaktoAnotherSpecies?C.ThinkAgain:WhatcontributionWillAIMaketoAnimals’Survival?D.ReflectonOurselves:AreOtherAnimalsSeenasinferiortoHumans?【答案】35.A36.B37.D38.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类是否能够与其他物种（如抹香鲸）进行交流，并探讨了跨物种交流的可能性和重要性。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Bealebelievedspermwhalestobesilent.HermanMelvillereliedheavilyonBealeincomposingMoly-Dick.“Thewhalehasnovoice,”Melvillewrote.“Butthenagain,”hewenton,“whathasthewhaletosay?SeldomhaveIspermwhaleknownanyprofoundbeingthathadanythingtosaytothisworld,unlessforcedtospeakoutsomethingbywayofgettingaliving.”(比尔认为抹香鲸是沉默的。赫尔曼·梅尔维尔在创作《白鲸记》时大量借鉴了比尔的观点。“鲸鱼没有声音，”梅尔维尔写道。“但话说回来，”他接着说，“鲸鱼有什么要说的呢？我很少知道有哪头抹香鲸对这个世界有什么要说的，除非是为了谋生而被迫说出些什么。”)”可知，作者引用梅尔维尔的话，先借其观点引出“鲸鱼无声”的传统认知，再通过转折暗示鲸鱼可能有未被理解的交流方式，从而揭示鲸鱼说话的可能性。故选A。【36题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thequestionofwhetheranyspeciespossessesa“communicationsystem”comparabletothatofhumansisanopenandmuchdebatedone.Inthe1950s,thebehavioristB.F.Skinnerarguedthatchildrenlearnlanguagethroughpositivereinforcement;therefore,otheranimalsshouldbeabletodothesame.ThelinguistNoamChomskyhadadifferentview.Hedismissedthenotionthatkidsacquirelanguageviaconditioning,andalsothepossibilitythatlanguagewasavailabletootherspecies.(关于是否有任何物种拥有与人类相当的“交流系统”这一问题，目前仍是一个开放且备受争议的话题。20世纪50年代，行为主义者B.F.Skinner认为，孩子们通过正面强化来学习语言；因此，其他动物也应该能够做到这一点。然而，语言学家NoamChomsky则持有不同观点。他否定了孩子们通过条件反射习得语言的观念，也否定了其他物种拥有语言的可能性。)”以及第六段“AIsharesthishope.OratleasttheAI-poweredlanguagemodelissmartenoughtoexpressit.Notlongago,sufferingfromwriter’sblock,IaskedanAIchatbotifitcouldrewriteMoby-Dickfromthewhale’sperspective.(人工智能也怀揣着同样的愿景——至少AI语言模型足够智能去表达这一点。不久前，我受困于写作瓶颈，让AI聊天机器人从鲸鱼视角重写《白鲸记》。)”、倒数第三段“Deepinthesea,Ilongedtocommunicatewiththecaptain,toshowhimthatmykind,too,hademotionsandfamiliestoprotect.Butthelanguagebarrierbetweenourworldsremainedagapthatcannotbebridged.(在深海中，我渴望与船长沟通，想让他知道我的族群也有情感，也有需要守护的家庭。但我们两个世界间的语言屏障，仍是一道无法跨越的天堑。)”、最后一段中“I,theWhiteWhale,couldonl