【素养阅读】爱迪生发明电灯

素养阅读系列课件课标话题--《科普知识》篇爱迪生发明电灯读有所获练有所得思有所悟视野拓展Inthelate19thcentury,indoorlightingcamefromcandles,oillamps,orgaslamps.Noneofthemgaveoffenoughlighttodomuchafterdark.Gaslighthadbeenaroundsincetheearly1800s.Butitwasexpensive.Gaslampsmadewallsblackanddirty.Sometimesitssmellcausedheadaches.Gascouldbedangerous,too.Firesmightstart.Still,gaslightwaspopularbecauseitwasthebestlightavailable.读有所获练有所得思有所悟视野拓展Edisonwasallfireduptoworkonelectriclight.Heknewthatotherpeoplearoundtheworldwereworkingonthistoo.Hewantedtobethefirsttosucceed.Butheknewthatinventingaworkinglightbulb(灯泡）wasn’tenough.Hehadtoinventonethatcouldbesoldatapricepeoplecouldafford.Nevershyabouttalkingabouthisinventions,Edisonwroteinhisnotebook:“Theelectriclightisthelightofthefuture,anditwillbemylightunlesssomeotherfellowgetsupabetterone.”读有所获练有所得思有所悟视野拓展Edisonandhisworkerssettledinforsomelong,hardwork.Sixweekscameandwent.WhataboutthatneighborhoodinNewYork,theoneEdisonsaidhewasgoingtolightup?Edisonwasstillsearchingfortherightfilament(灯丝）.Hetriedsomanymaterials-fishline,bamboo,spiderwebs,eventhehairfromoneofhisworkers’head.Theworkerskepttestingeverythingtheycouldthinkof-overthreethousandmaterialsinall.Edisonknewthat读有所获练有所得思有所悟视野拓展findingoutwhatdidnotworkwasasimportantasfindingwhatdid.Ayearandahalfwentby.Nothing.ButEdisondidnotgiveup,andonedayhehitupontheanswer.Itwassimplysewingthread（缝纫线）coveredincarbon(碳).OnOctober22,1879,Edison’slightbulbglowed(发光）forthirteenandahalfhours.Thenextoneglowedforoverahundredhours.Edisonandhisteamwereecstatic.Theyhaddoneit.Edisonwasonly32yearsoldthen.读有所获练有所得思有所悟视野拓展答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段可知，在19世纪后期，最流行的室内照明还是煤气灯，因此C项正确。答案解析1Whatwasthemostpopularindoorlightinginthelate19thcentury?A.Candles.B.Oillamps.C.Gaslamps.D.Electriclights.读有所获练有所得思有所悟视野拓展答案：D推理判断题。根据第三段爱迪生在笔记本里写的话可知，他对电灯的未来是充满信心的，因此D项正确。答案解析2What’sEdison’sattitude（态度）towardsthefutureoftheelectriclight?A.Unclear.B.Doubtful.C.Worried.D.Confident.读有所获练有所得思有所悟视野拓展答案：B推理判断题。根据第四段至第七段可知，正是由于爱迪生和他的团队坚持不懈，才终于完成了电灯的发明，因此B项正确。答案解析3WhichofthefollowingcanbestexpressEdison’sspirit?A.Justdoit.B.Nevergiveup.C.Believeinyourself.D.Trytobeyourbestself.读有所获练有所得思有所悟视野拓展答案：A词义猜测题。根据语境可知，当爱迪生和他的团队看到电灯终于亮了，他们应该是非常兴奋的，因此A项正确。答案解析4Theunderlinedword“ecstatic”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans______.A.veryexcitedB.verymovedC.verysurprisedD.verysatisfied读有所获练有所得思有所悟视野拓展答案：D主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了爱迪生和他的团队发明电灯的历史，因此D项正确。答案解析5Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.Thehistoryofindoorlighting.B.Theadvantagesoftheelectriclight.C.Whytheelectriclightwaspopular.D.HowEdisoninventedtheelectriclight.读有所获练有所得思有所悟视野拓展WhatcanyoulearnfromEdison’sinventingtheelectriclight?AfterIreadthestory,whatmovedmemostishisspiritofnevergivingup.Hetriedoverthreethousandmaterialstofindtherightfilament.Thatmeansheexperiencedfailuresagainandagainbeforehefinallyachievedsuccess.Whateverwedo,wemustpersistuntilwesucceed.读有所获