测绘编程基础试题及答案

测绘编程基础试题及答案1.在Python中，使用`numpy`库生成一个包含10个从0到1均匀分布随机数的数组，正确的代码是（）。A.`importnumpyasnp;arr=np.random.rand(10)`

B.`importnumpyasnp;arr=np.random.uniform(0,1,10)`

C.`importnumpyasnp;arr=np.linspace(0,1,10)`

D.`importnumpyasnp;arr=np.arange(0,1,0.1)`答案：(A)2.某测绘程序需要计算两点`(x1,y1)`和`(x2,y2)`之间的欧氏距离，以下代码正确的是（）。A.`distance=(x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2`B.`distance=((x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2)0.5`C.`distance=math.sqrt((x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2)`D.`distance=math.pow((x2-x1)2+(y2-y1)2,0.5)`答案：(B)3.在GIS数据处理中，若要将坐标从WGS84（EPSG:4326）转换为Web墨卡托（EPSG:3857），应使用（）。A.`pyproj.Transformer.from_crs("EPSG:4326","EPSG:3857")`

B.`pyproj.Transformer.from_crs(4326,3857)`C.`pyproj.Transformer.from_proj("EPSG:4326","EPSG:3857")`

D.`pyproj.Transformer.convert("EPSG:4326","EPSG:3857")`答案：(A)4.某测绘程序需要读取一个GeoJSON文件并提取所有点的坐标，以下代码正确的是（）。A.`importjson;data=json.load("file.geojson");coords=

data["features"][0]["geometry"]["coordinates"]`B.`importgeojson;data=geojson.load("file.geojson");coords=

data.features[0].geometry.coordinates`C.`importjson;withopen("file.geojson")asf:data=json.load(f);coords=

[feat["geometry"]["coordinates"]forfeatindata["features"]]`

D.`importgeojson;withopen("file.geojson")asf:data=geojson.loads(f);coords=

data.features.geometry.coordinates`答案：(C)5.在Python中，使用`matplotlib`绘制散点图时，若要设置点的大小为5，颜色为红色，正确的参数是（）。A.`plt.scatter(x,y,s=5,c="red")`B.`plt.scatter(x,y,size=5,color="red")`

C.`plt.scatter(x,y,marker=5,color="red")`

D.`plt.scatter(x,y,point_size=5,c="red")`答案：(A)6.某测绘程序需要计算一个多边形的面积，已知顶点坐标为`[(0,0),(1,0),(1,1),(0,1)]`，使用`shapely`库的正确代码是（）。

A.`fromshapely.geometryimportPolygon;poly=Polygon([(0,0),(1,0),(1,1),(0,1)]);

area=poly.area`B.`fromshapelyimportPolygon;poly=Polygon([(0,0),(1,0),(1,1),(0,1)]);area=

poly.get_area()`C.`fromshapely.geometryimportPolygon;poly=Polygon([(0,0),(1,0),(1,1),(0,1)]);

area=poly.calculate_area()`D.`fromshapelyimportPolygon;poly=Polygon([(0,0),(1,0),(1,1),(0,1)]);area=

poly.area()`答案：(A)7.在Python中，若要将一个列表`[1,2,3,4]`转换为NumPy数组，正确的代码是（）。A.`importnumpyasnp;arr=np.array([1,2,3,4])`

B.`importnumpyasnp;arr=np.list([1,2,3,4])`

C.`importnumpyasnp;arr=np.to_array([1,2,3,4])`

D.`importnumpyasnp;arr=np.convert([1,2,3,4])`答案：(A)8.某测绘程序需要计算两个向量`[1,2,3]`和`[4,5,6]`的点积，以下代码正确的是（）。A.`importnumpyasnp;a=np.array([1,2,3]);b=np.array([4,5,6]);dot=np.dot(a,b)`

B.`importnumpyasnp;a=np.array([1,2,3]);b=np.array([4,5,6]);dot=a*b`

C.`importnumpyasnp;a=np.array([1,2,3]);b=np.array([4,5,6]);dot=a+b`

D.`importnumpyasnp;a=np.array([1,2,3]);b=np.array([4,5,6]);dot=a/b`答案：(A)9.在Python中，若要保存一个NumPy数组到文本文件，每行一个数值，正确的代码是（）。A.`importnumpyasnp;arr=np.array([1,2,3]);np.savetxt("output.txt",arr,fmt="%d")`

B.`importnumpyasnp;arr=np.array([1,2,3]);np.save("output.txt",arr)`

C.`importnumpyasnp;arr=np.array([1,2,3]);np.writetxt("output.txt",arr)`D.`importnumpyasnp;arr=np.array([1,2,3]);np.tofile("output.txt",arr)`答案：(A)10.某测绘程序需要从CSV文件中读取坐标数据（格式为`x,y`），以下代码正确的是（）。A.`importpandasaspd;data=pd.read_csv("coords.csv",header=None,names=["x",

"y"])`B.`importpandasaspd;data=pd.load_csv("coords.csv",columns=["x","y"])`

C.`importpandasaspd;data=pd.read_csv("coords.csv",sep=",",columns=["x","y"])`

D.`importpandasaspd;data=pd.from_csv("coords.csv",names=["x","y"])`答案：(A)11.在Python中，若要使用`geopandas`读取一个Shapefile文件，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("shapefile.shp")`

B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.load_shapefile("shapefile.shp")`

C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.from_file("shapefile.shp")`

D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_shp("shapefile.shp")`答案：(A)12.某测绘程序需要计算一个GeoDataFrame中所有多边形的总面积，已知列名为`"geometry"`，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");total_area=

gdf["geometry"].area.sum()`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");total_area=

gdf.geometry.area.sum()`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");total_area=

gdf.calculate_area().sum()`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");total_area=

gdf.get_area().sum()`答案：(B)13.在Python中，若要将一个GeoDataFrame保存为GeoJSON文件，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp");

gdf.to_file("output.geojson",driver="GeoJSON")`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp");

gdf.save("output.geojson",format="GeoJSON")`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp");

gdf.export("output.geojson",driver="GeoJSON")`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp");

gdf.to_geojson("output.geojson")`答案：(A)14.某测绘程序需要计算两个GeoDataFrame的空间交集，正确的代码是（）。

A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf1=gpd.read_file("gdf1.shp");gdf2=

gpd.read_file("gdf2.shp");intersection=gpd.overlay(gdf1,gdf2,how="intersection")`

B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf1=gpd.read_file("gdf1.shp");gdf2=

gpd.read_file("gdf2.shp");intersection=ersection(gdf2)`

C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf1=gpd.read_file("gdf1.shp");gdf2=

gpd.read_file("gdf2.shp");intersection=gdf1.overlay(gdf2,mode="intersection")`

D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf1=gpd.read_file("gdf1.shp");gdf2=

gpd.read_file("gdf2.shp");intersection=gpd.spatial_join(gdf1,gdf2,

how="intersection")`答案：(A)15.在Python中，若要使用`folium`库创建一个地图并标记一个点`(40.7128,-74.0060)`，正确的代码是（）。A.`importfolium;m=folium.Map(location=[40.7128,-74.0060],zoom_start=12);

folium.Marker([40.7128,-74.0060]).add_to(m);m.save("map.html")`

B.`importfolium;m=folium.Map(location=[40.7128,-74.0060],zoom_start=12);

m.add_marker([40.7128,-74.0060]);m.save("map.html")`C.`importfolium;m=folium.Map(center=[40.7128,-74.0060],zoom=12);

folium.Marker(location=[40.7128,-74.0060]).add_to(m);m.save("map.html")`

D.`importfolium;m=folium.Map(center=[40.7128,-74.0060],zoom=12);

m.marker([40.7128,-74.0060]).add_to(m);m.save("map.html")`答案：(A)16.某测绘程序需要计算一个GeoDataFrame中所有点的平均坐标，已知列名为`"geometry"`，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("points.shp");avg_x=

gdf["geometry"].x.mean();avg_y=gdf["geometry"].y.mean()`

B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("points.shp");avg_x=

gdf.geometry.x.mean();avg_y=gdf.geometry.y.mean()`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("points.shp");avg_x=

gdf.calculate_x().mean();avg_y=gdf.calculate_y().mean()`

D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("points.shp");avg_x=

gdf.get_x().mean();avg_y=gdf.get_y().mean()`答案：(B)17.在Python中，若要将一个GeoDataFrame按照`"population"`列分组并计算每组的几何中心，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("data.shp");centroids=

gdf.groupby("population").geometry.centroid`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("data.shp");centroids=

gdf.groupby("population").calculate_centroid()`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("data.shp");centroids=

gdf.groupby("population").get_centroid()`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("data.shp");centroids=

gdf.groupby("population").geometry.calculate_centroid()`答案：(A)18.某测绘程序需要从PostGIS数据库读取数据，已知连接字符串为`"postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/db"`，表名为`"cities"`，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;fromsqlalchemyimportcreate_engine;engine=

create_engine("postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/db");gdf=

gpd.read_postgis("SELECT*FROMcities",engine)`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;fromsqlalchemyimportcreate_engine;engine=

create_engine("postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/db");gdf=

gpd.from_postgis("SELECT*FROMcities",engine)`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;fromsqlalchemyimportcreate_engine;engine=

create_engine("postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/db");gdf=

gpd.read_sql("SELECT*FROMcities",engine)`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;fromsqlalchemyimportcreate_engine;engine=

create_engine("postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/db");gdf=

gpd.load_postgis("SELECT*FROMcities",engine)`答案：(A)19.在Python中，若要将一个GeoDataFrame写入PostGIS数据库，已知连接字符串为`"postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/db"`，表名为`"output"`，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;fromsqlalchemyimportcreate_engine;engine=

create_engine("postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/db");gdf=

gpd.read_file("input.shp");gdf.to_postgis("output",engine,if_exists="replace")`

B.`importgeopandasasgpd;fromsqlalchemyimportcreate_engine;engine=

create_engine("postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/db");gdf=

gpd.read_file("input.shp");gdf.save_to_postgis("output",engine)`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;fromsqlalchemyimportcreate_engine;engine=

create_engine("postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/db");gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp");gdf.export_to_postgis("output",engine)`

D.`importgeopandasasgpd;fromsqlalchemyimportcreate_engine;engine=

create_engine("postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/db");gdf=

gpd.read_file("input.shp");gdf.to_sql("output",engine,if_exists="replace")`答案：(A)20.某测绘程序需要计算一个GeoDataFrame中所有多边形的边界长度，已知列名为`"geometry"`，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");lengths=

gdf["geometry"].length`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");lengths=

gdf.geometry.calculate_length()`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");lengths=

gdf.get_length()`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");lengths=

gdf.geometry.boundary.length`答案：(A)21.在Python中，若要使用`rasterio`读取一个GeoTIFF文件并获取其波段数据，正确的代码是（）。A.`importrasterio;withrasterio.open("image.tif")assrc;band1=src.read(1)`

B.`importrasterio;withrasterio.open("image.tif")assrc;band1=src.get_band(1)`

C.`importrasterio;withrasterio.open("image.tif")assrc;band1=src.load_band(1)`

D.`importrasterio;withrasterio.open("image.tif")assrc;band1=src.fetch_band(1)`答案：(A)22.某测绘程序需要计算两个GeoDataFrame的空间缓冲区（距离为100米），正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("points.shp");buffered=

gdf.geometry.buffer(100)`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("points.shp");buffered=

gdf.geometry.create_buffer(100)`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("points.shp");buffered=

gdf.geometry.make_buffer(100)`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("points.shp");buffered=

gdf.geometry.add_buffer(100)`答案：(A)23.在Python中，若要将一个GeoDataFrame按照`"category"`列进行空间聚合（统计每类的面积），正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");aggregated=

gdf.dissolve(by="category").area`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");aggregated=

gdf.groupby("category").geometry.area.sum()`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");aggregated=

gdf.aggregate_by("category").area`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");aggregated=

gdf.spatial_aggregate("category").area`答案：(A)24.某测绘程序需要从WFS服务获取数据，已知URL为`"/wfs"`，层名为`"layer"`，正确的代码是（）。

A.`importgeopandasasgpd;fromowslib.wfsimportWebFeatureService;wfs=

WebFeatureService("/wfs");response=

wfs.getfeature(typename="layer");gdf=gpd.GeoDataFrame.from_features(response.read())`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;fromowslib.wfsimportWebFeatureService;wfs=

WebFeatureService("/wfs");response=wfs.get_layer("layer");gdf=

gpd.read_features(response)`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;fromowslib.wfsimportWebFeatureService;wfs=

WebFeatureService("/wfs");response=wfs.fetch_feature("layer");

gdf=gpd.from_features(response)`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;fromowslib.wfsimportWebFeatureService;wfs=

WebFeatureService("/wfs");response=wfs.getfeature(layer="layer");gdf=gpd.read_wfs(response)`答案：(A)25.在Python中，若要将一个GeoDataFrame写入KML文件，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp");gdf.to_file("output.kml",

driver="KML")`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp");gdf.save("output.kml",

format="KML")`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp");gdf.export("output.kml",

driver="KML")`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp");

gdf.to_kml("output.kml")`答案：(A)26.某测绘程序需要计算一个GeoDataFrame中所有线的总长度，已知列名为`"geometry"`，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("lines.shp");total_length=

gdf["geometry"].length.sum()`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("lines.shp");total_length=

gdf.geometry.calculate_total_length()`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("lines.shp");total_length=

gdf.get_total_length()`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("lines.shp");total_length=

gdf.geometry.sum_length()`答案：(A)27.在Python中，若要使用`pyproj`计算两个坐标点（WGS84）之间的球面距离（单位：米），正确的代码是（）。A.`frompyprojimportGeod;g=Geod(ellps="WGS84");lon1,lat1=-74.0060,40.7128;lon2,lat2=-73.9352,40.7306;_,_,distance=g.inv(lon1,lat1,lon2,lat2);

distance_m=distance`B.`frompyprojimportGeod;g=Geod(ellps="WGS84");lon1,lat1=-74.0060,40.7128;lon2,lat2=-73.9352,40.7306;_,_,distance=g.calculate(lon1,lat1,lon2,

lat2);distance_m=distance`C.`frompyprojimportGeod;g=Geod(ellps="WGS84");lon1,lat1=-74.0060,40.7128;lon2,lat2=-73.9352,40.7306;_,_,distance=g.distance(lon1,lat1,lon2,lat2);

distance_m=distance`D.`frompyprojimportGeod;g=Geod(ellps="WGS84");lon1,lat1=-74.0060,40.7128;lon2,lat2=-73.9352,40.7306;_,_,distance=g.measure(lon1,lat1,lon2,lat2);

distance_m=distance`答案：(A)28.某测绘程序需要从一个GeoDataFrame中筛选出位于另一个GeoDataFrame范围内的要素，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf1=gpd.read_file("gdf1.shp");gdf2=

gpd.read_file("gdf2.shp");filtered=gpd.sjoin(gdf1,gdf2,how="inner",

predicate="within")`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf1=gpd.read_file("gdf1.shp");gdf2=

gpd.read_file("gdf2.shp");filtered=ersection(gdf2)`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf1=gpd.read_file("gdf1.shp");gdf2=

gpd.read_file("gdf2.shp");filtered=gdf1.filter_by(gdf2,"within")`

D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf1=gpd.read_file("gdf1.shp");gdf2=

gpd.read_file("gdf2.shp");filtered=gdf1.select_where(gdf2,"within")`答案：(A)29.在Python中，若要将一个GeoDataFrame的坐标系从Web墨卡托（EPSG:3857）转换为WGS84（EPSG:4326），正确的代码是（）。

A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp",crs="EPSG:3857");gdf=

gdf.to_crs("EPSG:4326")`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp",crs="EPSG:3857");gdf=

gdf.convert_crs("EPSG:4326")`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp",crs="EPSG:3857");gdf=

gdf.change_crs("EPSG:4326")`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("input.shp",crs="EPSG:3857");gdf=

gdf.set_crs("EPSG:4326")`答案：(A)30.某测绘程序需要计算一个GeoDataFrame中所有多边形的最小外接矩形，已知列名为`"geometry"`，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");envelopes=

gdf["geometry"].envelope`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");envelopes=

gdf.geometry.calculate_envelope()`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");envelopes=

gdf.get_envelope()`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");envelopes=

gdf.geometry.min_bounding_box()`答案：(A)31.在Python中，若要使用`rasterstats`计算一个GeoDataFrame中每个多边形覆盖的栅格平均值，已知栅格文件为`"elevation.tif"`，正确的代码是（）。

A.`fromrasterstatsimportzonal_stats;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");stats=

zonal_stats(gdf,"elevation.tif",stats=["mean"])`B.`fromrasterstatsimportzonal_stats;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");stats=

zonal_stats(gdf.geometry,"elevation.tif",stats=["mean"])`C.`fromrasterstatsimportzonal_stats;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");stats=

zonal_stats(gdf["geometry"],"elevation.tif",stats=["mean"])`D.`fromrasterstatsimportzonal_stats;gdf=gpd.read_file("polygons.shp");stats=

zonal_stats(gdf.to_crs(),"elevation.tif",stats=["mean"])`答案：(C)32.某测绘程序需要从一个GeoDataFrame中随机抽取10%的样本，正确的代码是（）。A.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("data.shp");sample=

gdf.sample(frac=0.1)`B.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("data.shp");sample=

gdf.random_sample(0.1)`C.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("data.shp");sample=

gdf.take_sample(0.1)`D.`importgeopandasasgpd;gdf=gpd.read_file("data.shp"