Unit1ThemassmediaGrammarandusage导学案-高中英语译林版选择性

灌南县第二中学高二英语“5+1”课堂导学案班级：__________姓名：______________课题：选必二Unit1Grammar学习目标：understandtheusageofthepastperfecttense;2.identifytheverbformofthepastperfecttense;3.usetherightformsofthepastperfecttensetocorrectthemistakesandpleteanarticle;一、预习案（课前）分析下列句子的语法规则Bytheendoflastyearhehadrunoutofallthemoneyinheritedfromhisfather.JohnandJanehadknowneachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday，butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.IhadmeanttotellMikethegoodnews，butfoundthathewasn’tathome.Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhebegantoinvestigatethefalsenews.ItwasthesecondtimethathehadtravelledalongtheancientSilkRoad.Hebegantowriteareviewafterhe(had)watchedthefilmtwice.Thetrain(had)startedbeforeIreachedthestation.二、探究案（课堂）一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间之前或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去（pastinthepast）”|||>那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称。Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Shehadfinishedwritingthepositionby10：00thismorning.过去完成时的基本结构肯定式：______________________否定式：_____________________________疑问式：__________________________被动语态：____________________________①Tomhishomeworkby8o’clocklastnight.②Tomhishomeworkby8o’clocklastnight.③Tomhishomeworkby8o’clocklastnight?④Hishomeworkby8o’clocklastnight.三、过去完成时的基本用法1.过去完成时用来描述过去某一时间之前或动作之前发生或完成的动作，如：Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.JimsaidthathehadlearnedsomeChinesebefore.2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook. (发生在之前)3.过去完成时有时用来表示没有实现的愿望，主要用于want,hope,intend等词。如：Ihadwantedtohelpyou,butIwastoobusythen.Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseeme.4.在by,bytheend,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句。e.g.e.g.Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.四、过去完成时常用于以下固定句型second....../Thatwasthefirst(second...)time+that...(过去完成时)Itwasthesecondtimethathehadseenhisgrandfather.Itwasthethirdtimethatshehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.3.Itwas+一段时间+since从句(过去完成时)Itwas3yearssincewehadleftChina.4.hardly…when；nosooner…than“一……就……”Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.5.wish后接宾语从句在表过去时态用haddone。Howhewishesthathehadpassedtheexamlastterm.五、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为”have(has)+过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。I1000Englishwordssofar.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。I1000Englishwordstillthen.—I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.—Oh,notatall.Ihereonlyafewminutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）—Johnhomeyesterday.约翰昨天回到家的。—Wherehe?他去哪儿了？（使用过去完成时是指约翰在returnedhome之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）六、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：他们昨天十点前就到车站了。 Theyatthestationbytenyesterday.他们昨天十点到了车站。 Theyatthestationattenyesterday.2.在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamily（please）withher,too.She(win)thefirstinthepositionpetition.3.当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before,after,assoonas引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：他进入房间，打开灯，看晚报。Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.我离开办公室前给她打了电话。IherbeforeIlefttheoffice.三、课内练习Ⅰ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空Byabout6,000BC,people__________________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.(2020·浙江)There,henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalso_____________(bee)anacplishedpublicspeaker.(2020·江苏高考改编)Tooursurprise,theconcertpreparedbythestudentsturnedoutmoresuccessfulthanwe_________________(think)．It’ssaidthatnotgettingenoughsleep______________(lead)topoorjudgment,lackofcreativity,andevendepression.ThemomentIgothome,IfoundI_____________(leave)myjacketontheplayground.Thetwins,who_____________(finish)theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonintheyard.InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasI_______________(expect),heexaminedthepreviousworkagain.However,thankstotheinternationalagreement,there________________(be)muchlessillegalhuntingsince1980.Shetoldmeitwasthemostinstructivelecturethatshe_______________(attend)sinceshecametothisschool.ThatwasthefirsttimeI_________________(experience)sandstormsandIdon’teverwanttobeinoneagain.IreturnedthebookthatI________________(borrow)fromthelibrary.Theboywasremindedthathishomework_________________(nothand)in.Itwasthethirdtimethathe_____________(organize)suchameaningfulactivity.Itisthefirsttimethattheyoungjournalist__________________(cover)astory.Hewasworryingabouttheinjuredwhentheambulance___________(e)tothespot.Hedidn’tknowwhat_______________(e)aboutbeforehecameback.四、归纳总结、网络构建为了丰富我们的学校生活，上个月我们学校举行了一场运动会。____________________________________________________________________________他一到美国就发现很难适应哪里的生活。_____________________________________________________________________________放学后当其他同学玩耍时，我们正在操场上努力练习跑步。_____________________________________________________________________________我们所有人都坚持完成了比赛，并获得了第一名。_____________________________________________________________________________他说这是第一次他获得第一名。_______________________________________________________________________________我们非常高兴，因为我们之前从未取得过这么好的成绩。_______________________________________________________________________________五、课后作业1.(2020江苏,26, )InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasI

(expect),heexaminedthepreviousworkagain.2.(2020浙江,完形填空, )ThiswassounexpectedbecauseI

(put)thehandbrakeonwhenIjumpedout.3.(2020浙江,语法填空, )Byabout6000BC,people

(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.4.(2020天津,阅读理解D改编, )Wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,ifwe

(miss)thechance.5.(2020天津,书面表达, )Duringtheingofageceremony,theheadmastercongratulatedusonsteppingintotheadult,reviewingthegrowthperiodthatwe