湖北省腾云联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期8月联考英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省腾云联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期8月联考英语试卷第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onaplane. B.Attheairport. C.Atastation.【答案】B【原文】M:Excuseme,Ijustgotoffflight238fromNewYork.WheredoIgetmyluggage?W:Followthesignstothebaggageclaimarea,please.M:Gotit.Thanks.2.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Switchseats. B.Watchthewindow. C.Lookafterthekid.【答案】A【原文】W:Hey,sorrytobotheryou,butmykidreallylikestowatchoutthewindow.Wouldyoumindifwe...?M:Oh,sure.Comeon,takemyseat.W:Thankssomuch.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Fixingaleak. B.Cleaningthefloor. C.Replacingadevice.【答案】C【原文】W:Oh,lookatthefloor.Thewashingmachineisleakingagain.M:Yeah,it’skindofold.Iremembergettingitfixedlastweek.W:Maybeweshouldgetanewone.Thisoneisjusttooold.M:You’reright.It’snotworthfixingagain.4.Whydoesthewomanapologize?A.Forthelongwait.B.Forthewrongtable.C.Fortheterriblefood.【答案】A【原文】W:I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Yourtableisreadynow.M:Thankyou.It’sbeenquiteawhile.W:Iapologize.Wearebusierthanexpected.M:Noworries,aslongasthefoodisgood.5.Wherearethespeakersheading?A.TheCornerBakery. B.Aflowershop. C.Abookstore.【答案】B【原文】M:Hey,Ismellfreshbread.Here’sthecornerbakery,nextdoor,thebookstore.Let’shurry.Justroundthecorner,we’llfindtheflowershop.W:Luckyenough,almostthere.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Howlongwilltheteachingprogramlast?A.20days. B.30days. C.40days.7.Whatwillthewomandoforthesummer?A.Volunteerinaschool.B.Organizeafamilytrip.C.Startateachingprogram.【答案】6.C7.B【原文】M:Mom,Iknowyouplannedafamilytripforthesummer,but…W:What’sonyourmind,dear?M:Myclassmatesinvitedmetojoinavolunteerteachingprogramwhileteachingamountainschool.It’sagreatopportunitytohelpothers.ButtheprogramrunsfromJulythe10thtoAugustthe20th,so…W:That’swonderful,don’tworry.I’lladjustourtravelplansaroundthat.M:Thanks,mom.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatruledidthewomanbreak?A.Shewasonaloudcall.B.Shetookthemagazineout.C.Sheateinthewrongplace.9.Whereisthemagazinesectionlocated?A.Onthefirstfloor. B.Onthethirdfloor. C.Nearthefrontdesk.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fellowreaders. B.Oldfriends. C.Studentandlibrarian.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【原文】M:Excuseme,justtoletyouknow,wedon’tallowfoodordrinkshere.W:Oh,I’msorry,Ididn’trealizethat.M:Noproblem.There’sacafeonthesecondfloorwhereyoucanhaveyoursnacks.W:Thankyou.ArethereotherrulesIshouldknow?M:Yes,theyaskthatyoukeepyourphoneonsilentmodeanduseheadphonesifyouarelisteningtomusicorwatchingvideos.W:Thanksforlettingmeknow.Bytheway,Inoticedyou’rereadingthelatestmagazine.WouldyoumindifIaskwhereyoufoundit?M:Oh,inthemagazinesectiononthethirdfloor.Theyhaveagreatcollection.W:Perfect.Ialsoneedtophotocopysomepagesforresearch.Arethemachinesonthisfloor?M:Theyareonthefirstfloornearthefrontdesk.Justpayforprintsthere.W:Great.Thankssomuch.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.WhatisVincentuptorightnow?A.Alanguageexam. B.Anessaycontest. C.Asciencefairproject.12.WhichpartwasVincentweakin?A.Thecontent. B.Thestructure. C.Thelanguage.13.WhatdidMs.Brownadvisedoing?A.Proofreadingthework.B.Trackingfutureexams.C.Brainstormingthethoughts.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【原文】W:HeyVincent,thanksforcomingin.Iknowyou’rebusywiththesciencefairprojectnow,butIwanttobrieflydiscusslastweek’slanguageexamwithyou.M:Thankyou,Ms.Brown.Iappreciateyoutakingthetime.W:Well.Inoticedtheessayquestionwasabitchallengingforyou.Youhadgoodideas,butthestructurewasabitmessy.M:Yeah,Iknow.Iranoutoftimeandcouldn’torganizemythoughtswell.W:Iunderstand.Timemanagementcanbetricky.Forfutureexams,trytooutlineyouressayfirst.Itwillhelpyoustayontrack.M:Thatmakessense.I’llgiveitashot.W:Also,watchoutforsmallspellingerrors.Doublecheckyourworkifyouhavetimeleft.M:Gotit.Ascanforerrorsattheendnexttime.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。14.WhatdidAlexmainlypostaboutwhenstartinghischannel?A.Schoolactivities. B.Dailylife. C.Communityproblems.15.WhatinspiredAlextochangehiscontentfocus?A.Hisvisittoafoodbank.B.Hisinteractionswithrestaurants.C.Hisdesiretobeacontentcreator.16.WhatenabledAlextostarthisprojectsuccessfully?A.Meetingasinglemom.B.Gettinghelpfromfoodbanks.C.PartneringwithJoe’sPizza.17.HowdidMs.Rivera’sreactionaffectAlex?A.Itannoyedhim.B.Itfrightenedhim.C.Itencouragedhim.【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.C【原文】W:WelcomebacktoYouthImpacttoday.Ourguestis16-year-oldAlex,ahighschoolstudentwhosefoodwasteprojectischangingcommunities.Alex,thanksforjoiningus.M:Superexcitedtobehere.W:Let’sstartatthebeginning.How’dyougetintocontentcreation?M:Istartedmychannelat13justforfun,postingbasketballtricks,friends,whateverhappenedinmylife.W:Thenyoushiftedyourcontentfocus,right?M:Yes,lastyearIvolunteeredatourcity’sfoodbank.Seeingshelveshalfemptywhilerestaurantsthrowingperfectfoodsurprisedme.Thatnight,Ipostedavideoaskingwhycan’twebridgethisgap.W:Didrestaurantsrespondimmediately?M:Notatfirst.Myfirst10callsgotnoreply.Finally,Joe’sPizzasaidyes.So,wetriedit.Theysaved20mealsdaily.Thatgotothersonboard.W:What’syourbiggestwinsofar?M:Ms.Rivera,asinglemomfrommybusstop,huggedmecryingwhenshegotfreshsaladsinsteadofcannedbeansforonce.LastoneIknewthisisn’tjustaboutwaste.W:Alex,youareproofthatimpacthasnoagelimit.Thankyou.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.WhenwasJohnRobertHornerreturnedtotheUniversityofMontana?A.In1965. B.In1968. C.In1972.19.WhatwasJohn’sfirstjobinPrincetonUniversity’sNaturalHistoryMuseum?A.Technician. B.Researchassistant. C.Presidentialfellow.20.WhatmajordiscoverydidJohnHornermakeinthe1970s?A.Heunlockedmanydinosaurs’DNA.B.Hediscoveredanewdinosaurspecies.C.Heconfirmeddinosaurs’parentalbehavior.【答案】18.B19.A20.C【原文】M:JohnRobertHornerwasbornonJunethe15th1946inMontana.Hehadaroughchildhood.Asayoungboy,Johnwasshy,notwantingtohangoutwithpeoplehisage.Johncommentedthatschoolwashardbecausereadingandwritingwereextremelyslowforhim.In1965JohnlefttheUniversityofMontanaandwasdraftedintothearmy.Heservedforaboutthreeyearsbeforehereturnedandtriedschoolagain.However,hedroppedoutin1972.Johndidn’tgiveuponhisdreamjob.Heappliedtomanymuseumsforanyjobthatwaswillingtohirehim.HeacceptedapositionatPrincetonUniversity’sNaturalHistoryMuseumasatechnician.Afterthemuseumnoticedhisexpertise,hemoveduptoresearchassistantandeventuallymanagedhisownprojects.Itwasduringthemid1970sthatJohnandacolleaguediscoveredthefirstconcreteevidencethatdinosaurscaredfortheiryoung.JohncurrentlyworksatChapmanUniversityasapresidentialfellow.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。APaidInternships(实习)forStudentsBrooklynMuseumEducationInternshipTheBrooklynMuseumEducationInternshipProgramisopentocollegegraduatesinterestedinteachingdiverseaudiences.Thisten-monthinternshipallowsinternstoreceiveintensivetraininginmuseum-educationphilosophyandpracticefrommuseumstaff.Sam’sClubHighSchoolInternshipTheSam’sClubHighSchoolInternshipProgramisopentohighschooljuniorsandseniors.InternshipsareavailableacrosstheUnitedStates.Interndutiesspanareasofmemberservice,training,etc.Internshipslasttenweeks.DPRConstructionBuildUpHighSchoolInternshipTheDPRConstructionBuildUpHighSchoolInternshipisavailabletohighschoolers.Tobeconsideredforaninternship,youmusthavefinancialneedasdefinedbyyourfamilyincomebeingbelowtheHUDMFIforyourcounty.Duringtheeight-weekinternship,youwillspend35-40hoursaweekonanactiveconstructionjobsite,assistingwithimportantprojectfunctionsincludingdocumentcontrol,qualityinspections,safetytrainingetc.InternshipsareofferedinvariouslocationsintheU.S.StarbucksInternshipTheStarbucksInternshipisavailabletoupper-divisionundergraduatestudentsandtofirst-yeargraduatestudents.Internshipsareofferedintechnology,supplychain,dataanalytics,andotherfields.Throughoutthis10-12-weekprogram,youwillworkfull-timeonmeaningfulprojects,participateinroundtableswithdirectorsandleadership,andaccessprofessionaldevelopmentworkshops.ThisinternshipisofferedinSeattle,WA;relocationsupportisavailable.21.Whichinternshipprovidesboththeoryandpracticetraining?A.BrooklynMuseumEducationInternship.B.Sam’sClubHighSchoolInternship.C.DPRConstructionBuildUpHighSchoolInternship.D.StarbucksInternship.22.WhatisarequirementforDPRConstructionInternship?A.Excellentdesigningskills. B.Proofoffinancialneed.C.Previousworkingexperience. D.Willingnesstoworkunpaid.23.Whichbenefitiscommontoallinternships?A.Relocationsupport. B.Real-worldexperience.C.Professionalcertification. D.Leadershipdevelopment.【答案】21.A22.B23.B【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了面向学生的四个付费实习项目。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据BrooklynMuseumEducationInternship中“Thisten-monthinternshipallowsinternstoreceiveintensivetraininginmuseum-educationphilosophyandpracticefrommuseumstaff.(此次为期十个月的实习项目让实习生能够从博物馆工作人员那里接受关于博物馆教育理念及实践的深入培训。)”可知，布鲁克林博物馆教育实习生项目提供理论和实践训练。故选A。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据DPRConstructionBuildUpHighSchoolInternship中“Tobeconsideredforaninternship,youmusthavefinancialneedasdefinedbyyourfamilyincomebeingbelowtheHUDMFIforyourcounty.(要被考虑为实习生，你必须有经济需求，即你的家庭收入低于你所在县的HUDMFI。)”可知，DPR建筑实习项目需要提供经济状况证明。故选B。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据BrooklynMuseumEducationInternship中“Thisten-monthinternshipallowsinternstoreceiveintensivetraininginmuseum-educationphilosophyandpracticefrommuseumstaff.(此次为期十个月的实习项目让实习生能够从博物馆工作人员那里接受关于博物馆教育理念及实践的深入培训。)”，Sam’sClubHighSchoolInternship中“Interndutiesspanareasofmemberservice,training,etc.(实习生的工作职责涵盖会员服务、培训等多个方面。)”，DPRConstructionBuildUpHighSchoolInternship中“Duringtheeight-weekinternship,youwillspend35-40hoursaweekonanactiveconstructionjobsite,assistingwithimportantprojectfunctionsincludingdocumentcontrol,qualityinspections,safetytrainingetc.(在为期八周的实习期间，您每周将有35至40个小时的工作时间安排在繁忙的建筑施工现场，协助完成重要的项目工作，包括文件管理、质量检查、安全培训等。)”及StarbucksInternship中“Throughoutthis10-12-weekprogram,youwillworkfull-timeonmeaningfulprojects,participateinroundtableswithdirectorsandleadership,andaccessprofessionaldevelopmentworkshops.(在这一为期10至12周的项目中，您将全职投入有意义的项目工作，参加与主管和领导的圆桌会议，并参加专业发展研讨会。)”可知，四个实习项目都能获得实际经验。故选B。BIrememberopeningmyiPadonedayinfifthgradeafterasillyconversationwithmycousinaboutscarystoryideas.Hourslater,Icompletedmyfirstshortstory.Sincethen,I’vewrittenmanystories,shortandlong.Butalso,sincethen,I’vereadmoreandnoticedjusthowwellpeoplemyagecouldwrite.Sincethen,Ialsofeltlessandlesswillingtosharemywork:whatifmywritingisn’tasgoodaseverybodyelse's?WhatstartedoffassomethingcreativethatIcouldsharewithfriendsturnedintocompetitionchangedbyfeelingsofcompetence.Oftentimes,hobbiesbeginassomethingjustforfun.Buteventually,whatwasoncefunnowcontributestofeelingsofstressandinadequacy.IhaveplentyofmemoriesofthinkingIwasgoingtopickupsomethingnewandstickwithit,whetheritbeplayingthepiano,ordrawing.Butthereisalwaysapartofmethatexpectsmyselftojustmagicallybegoodatallofthosethings.AndwhenI’mnot,theenjoymenttapersoffas,slowly,Ithinkmediocrity(平庸)isn’tacceptableanymore.WritingistheonlyhobbythatIhaverepeatedlycomebacktodespitedroppingitconstantly.Icanseethegrowthinmywritingalltheseyears,buttheexpectationstobebetterandbetterisneversatisfied.ThisiswhyIdropwritingformonthsatatime.Thisfeelingofahobbybecoming,foralackofbetterword,achore,lowersthesatisfactionofsaidhobby.Buthobbiesaretheretogiveyouabreathoffreshairfromhavingtoexcelateverything,fromacademicstoyouroccupation.Wemustacceptthatitisokaytojustsuckatanactivitybutstilldoingitbecauseitbringsyoujoy.Thereisabalancebetweenjoyandexpectations,eithersetbyothersorbyourselves.24.Whatdoestheauthordointhefirstparagraph?A.Hechallengesatradition. B.Herelatesanexperience.C.Heenvisionsacomingtrend. D.Hecomparesvariedhobbies.25.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedphrase“tapersoff”inparagraph1?A.Thinsout. B.Topsout. C.buildsup. D.Spreadsaround.26.Whydoestheauthordropwritingconstantly?A.Heisinadequateforit. B.Heprefersmediocrity.C.Heequatesjoywithachievement. D.Hereceivesbittercomment.27.Whatmessagedoesthepassageconvey?A.Mediocrityisthekeytoenjoyment.B.Ahobbysharedisahobbysquared.C.Excellenceensuresacademicsuccess.D.Enjoymentoutweighsexcellenceinhobbies.【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己从五年级开始写作，随着阅读增多，发现同龄人写作水平高，因担心自己写得不好而逐渐不愿分享作品，写作从创意分享变成竞争，还提到其他爱好也因期望过高而带来压力，最后指出爱好应带来快乐，要在快乐和期望间找到平衡。【24题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“IrememberopeningmyiPadonedayinfifthgradeafterasillyconversationwithmycousinaboutscarystoryideas.Hourslater,Icompletedmyfirstshortstory.Sincethen,I’vewrittenmanystories,shortandlong.Butalso,sincethen,I’vereadmoreandnoticedjusthowwellpeoplemyagecouldwrite.Sincethen,Ialsofeltlessandlesswillingtosharemywork:whatifmywritingisn’tasgoodaseverybodyelse’s?WhatstartedoffassomethingcreativethatIcouldsharewithfriendsturnedintocompetitionchangedbyfeelingsofcompetence.(我记得五年级的一天，在和表弟就恐怖故事创意进行了一次愚蠢的对话后，我打开了iPad。几个小时后，我完成了我的第一个短篇小说。从那以后，我写了很多短篇和长篇故事。但同样，从那以后，我读得更多，也注意到我这个年纪的人写作水平有多高。从那以后，我也越来越不愿意分享我的作品：如果我的写作不如其他人的好呢？原本是一件我可以和朋友分享的创意之事，却变成了因能力感而改变的竞争。)”可知，作者在第一段讲述了一段自己的经历。故选B项。【25题详析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“AndwhenI’mnot,theenjoyment…as,slowly,Ithinkmediocrity(平庸)isn’tacceptableanymore(当我不是这样的时候，随着慢慢地，我认为平庸不再被接受，这种乐趣就……了)”可知，当作者认为自己做得不好，认为平庸不再被接受时，乐趣就会减少，所以“tapersoff”意思是“减少”。故选A项。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“WritingistheonlyhobbythatIhaverepeatedlycomebacktodespitedroppingitconstantly.Icanseethegrowthinmywritingalltheseyears,buttheexpectationstobebetterandbetterisneversatisfied.ThisiswhyIdropwritingformonthsatatime.Thisfeelingofahobbybecoming,foralackofbetterword,achore,lowersthesatisfactionofsaidhobby.(写作是我唯一一个不断放下却又反复捡起的爱好。这些年我能看到自己写作上的进步，但对越来越好的期望从未得到满足。这就是为什么我一次会放下写作好几个月。这种爱好变成了一种家务活的感觉，降低了这种爱好带来的满足感)”可知，这些年作者能看到自己写作上的进步，但对越来越好的期望从未得到满足，这就是为什么作者一次会放下写作好几个月，这种爱好变成了一种家务活的感觉，降低了这种爱好带来的满足感，可推理出作者不断放下写作是因为把快乐等同于成就，当达不到期望时，写作带来的快乐就降低了。故选C项。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Buthobbiesaretheretogiveyouabreathoffreshairfromhavingtoexcelateverything,fromacademicstoyouroccupation.Wemustacceptthatitisokaytojustsuckatanactivitybutstilldoingitbecauseitbringsyoujoy.Thereisabalancebetweenjoyandexpectations,eithersetbyothersorbyourselves(但爱好是为了让你在从学业到职业的各个方面都出类拔萃之余，能呼吸到新鲜空气。我们必须接受，在一项活动中表现不佳也没关系，只要它给你带来快乐。在快乐和期望之间有一个平衡，无论是别人设定的还是我们自己设定的)”可知，在一项活动中表现不佳也没关系，只要它给你带来快乐，可推理出文章主要传达的是在爱好中，快乐比优秀更重要。故选D项。CTheCaspianSea,theworld’slargestinlandwaterbody,isdeclining,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinCommunicationsEarth&Environment.Thestudyreportsthewatersourcesthattypicallyfeedtheseaarecontributinglessandlesswater.Somuchsothatthesesourcescannotkeepupwithevaporation(蒸发).Ifglobaltemperaturesriseby2°C,thesea’swaterlevelscoulddropby16-32feet,whichmeans4outof10ecosystemtypesuniquetotheCaspianSeawoulddisappearcompletely.TheCaspianSeaishometoavarietyoflife.Sixsturgeon(鲟鱼)specieslivewithinthesea.IntheCaspianSea,sturgeontypicallyresideinshallowerwatersduringthesummerandfallandlayeggsintheriversthatflowintothesea.Adropinwaterlevelswouldpreventthemfromaccessingthesegrounds,whichcouldleadtopopulationdecline.Theseaisalsoahotspotforsomeseabirds.Theyusuallytakeshelterinthecoastalwetlands,butit’spossiblethosecoulddryupaswell.TheCaspianSeatouchesfivecountries—Azerbaijan,Iran,Kazakhstan,Russia,andTurkmenistan—andadropinwaterlevelscouldseriouslyimpacttraderoutesvitaltotheeconomiesofthesecountries,aslowwaterlevelscouldpreventshipsfromdocking(入港).Besides,theexposeddryseabedislikelytoreleasedustcontainingindustrialpollutantsandsalt,posingseriousthreatstohumanhealth.Adroppingwaterlevelcouldalsoaltertheclimateoftheregion,thusimpactingthearea’sagriculture.Butallhopeisnotlost.“SomeCaspianSealeveldeclineappearsunavoidable,”SimonGoodmanfromtheUniversityofLeedssaidinapressrelease.“However,withtheanticipatedeffectsunfoldingoverafewdecades,itshouldbepossibletofindwaystoprotectbiodiversitywhilesafeguardinghumaninterestsandwellbeing.Thatmightsoundlikealongtimescale,but,giventheimmensepolitical,legalandpracticalchallengesinvolved,itisadvisabletostartactionassoonaspossibletogivethebestchanceofsuccess.”28.WhatisafundamentaldriverfortheCaspianSea’swatercrisis?A.Reducedinflowoffeederrivers. B.Industrialpollutionofcoastalplants.C.IncreasedevaporationoftheCaspianSea. D.Suddendisappearanceoftheecosystems.29.Whyaresturgeonpopulationsthreatenedbythedeclineofwaterlevels?A.Seabirdscompetefortheirfood. B.Theyloseaccesstocoastalwetlands.C.Theycan’treachriverstoreproduce. D.Theshallowersummerhabitatsdryup.30.Whatcouldbealikelyconsequenceofthedryingprocess?A.Establishmentoftraderoutes. B.Releaseofseabedpollutants.C.Expansionoflocalagriculture. D.Alterationofregionalintegration.31.WhatdoesSimonGoodman’ssuggesttoaddresstheproblem?A.Localcommunityrelocation. B.Resignationtobiodiversityloss.C.Emphasisoneconomicinterests. D.Urgentcross-bordercooperation.【答案】28.A29.C30.B31.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究显示里海因补给水源减少、蒸发失衡水位下降，威胁鲟鱼等生物及沿岸贸易、健康与农业，专家建议尽早跨境行动应对挑战。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thestudyreportsthewatersourcesthattypicallyfeedtheseaarecontributinglessandlesswater.Somuchsothatthesesourcescannotkeepupwithevaporation(蒸发).(该研究报告称，通常为海洋提供水源的那些水体，其供水量正在逐渐减少。以至于这些水源已经无法满足蒸发的需求了。)”可知，造成里海水资源危机的根本原因是来源河流的水量减少。故选A。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“TheCaspianSeaishometoavarietyoflife.Sixsturgeon(鲟鱼)specieslivewithinthesea.IntheCaspianSea,sturgeontypicallyresideinshallowerwatersduringthesummerandfallandlayeggsintheriversthatflowintothesea.Adropinwaterlevelswouldpreventthemfromaccessingthesegrounds,whichcouldleadtopopulationdecline.(里海是众多生物的栖息地。这里有六种鲟鱼种类在里海中繁衍生息。在里海中，鲟鱼通常在夏季和秋季生活在较浅的水域，并在流入海中的河流中产卵。如果水位下降，它们将无法到达这些产卵地，这可能会导致其种群数量减少。)”可知，鲟鱼群体会受到水位下降的影响是因为他们无法到达河流去繁衍后代。故选C。【30题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Besides,theexposeddryseabedislikelytoreleasedustcontainingindustrialpollutantsandsalt,posingseriousthreatstohumanhealth.(此外，裸露的干燥海床可能会释放出含有工业污染物和盐分的粉尘，对人类健康构成严重威胁。)”可知，干涸过程可能会产生导致海底污染物的释放。故选B。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thatmightsoundlikealongtimescale,but,giventheimmensepolitical,legalandpracticalchallengesinvolved,itisadvisabletostartactionassoonaspossibletogivethebestchanceofsuccess.(这听起来可能是一个很长的时间跨度，但考虑到其中涉及的巨大的政治、法律和实际方面的挑战，尽早采取行动才是明智之举，这样才能最大程度地增加成功的可能性。)”可知，西蒙·古德曼建议紧急开展跨境合作。故选D。DIt’saproblemthathasannoyedmanyhorrormoviemakeupartists:Howdoyougivesomeonetheappearanceofhavingasecondhead?Seeminglytofakeouthunters,manybutterflieshavefoundtheirownsolutionstothisproblem,withcomplicatedpatternsandstructuresontheirwingsthatcreatewhatlooklikesecondheadsontheirbacksides.Now,inanewstudy,researchersattheIndianInstitutesofScienceEducationandResearch(IISER)divedeeperintotheoriginsofthese“falseheads”.Previousstudieshaveshownthesefalseheadshelpconfusehunters:Damagetothebackendofabutterfly’swingsnearthefalseheadhaslessimpactonvitalbehaviorssuchasflyingandmatingthandamagetothebutterfly’srealhead.Scientistshadlongtheorizedthatbutterflies’falseheadsarosebecausefivekeytraits(特征)—namelyfalsefeelers,noticeablecoloration,wingpatternsthatcontainspeciallines,largespots,andheadlikeshapes—evolve(进化)togethertoredirectpredatorattention.Butnoonehadtracedtheevolutionaryhistoryofthesetraits.EvolutionaryecologistsatIISERbeganbyanalyzingimagesofnearly1,000speciesofbutterfliesandmarkinghowmanyofthefalseheadtraitseachspeciesexhibited.Theresearchersthenconstructedaphylogenetictree(系统树),whichallowedthemtovisualizehowcloselyrelatedfalse-headedspeciesweretooneanother,aswellashoweachofthetraitsevolvedovertime.Computationalmodelingofthistreerevealedthatfourofthefivefalseheadtraitsallevolvedinacorrelatedmanner,whilealsoshowingtheorderinwhichthetraitsfirstappearedwithinbutterflies.Theresearchersproposethattheseparatetraitsintegratedintoasingle,complexfalseheadtraitbecauseofacommonselectiveforce:attacksfromhunters.However,questionsremainontheexactadvantagesthatthesedistinctivedefensemechanismsprovidetothebutterfliesthatusethem.32.Whyis“makeupartist”mentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Tosupportascientifictheory. B.Toillustrateafilmingtechnique.C.Tointroduceanevolutionarytrick. D.Tojustifyalong-heldassumption.33.Whatmightpreviousstudiesfocuson?A.Thedevelopmentofthefivetraits. B.Thespecialbehaviorsofbutterflies.C.Thedefensivefunctionoffalseheads. D.Theevolutiontheoriesofbutterflies.34.WhatdidIISERscientistsdointhenewstudy?A.Theyclassifiedwingpatternsofbutterflies.B.Theyreconstructedhistoryoftraitevolution.C.Theyinnovatedmethodsofstudyingbutterflies.D.Theyanalyzedthesurvivalbenefitsoffalseheads.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Tosurvive?FalseaSecondHead B.Confused?PhylogeneticTreeHelpsC.DoKeytraitsEnhanceInsects’Survival? D.DoesEvolutionReshapeButterflies’Bodies?【答案】32.C33.C34.B35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了蝴蝶进化出假头迷惑捕食者，研究者通过分析蝴蝶物种、构建系统树，追溯假头特征的进化历程，揭示其为生存的进化适应。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“It’saproblemthathasannoyedmanyhorrormoviemakeupartists:Howdoyougivesomeonetheappearanceofhavingasecondhead?Seeminglytofakeouthunters,manybutterflieshavefoundtheirownsolutionstothisproblem,withcomplicatedpatternsandstructuresontheirwingsthatcreatewhatlooklikesecondheadsontheirbacksides.(这是一个令许多恐怖电影化妆师头疼的问题：如何让一个人看起来像是长着第二个脑袋呢？似乎是为了骗过捕食者，许多蝴蝶找到了应对这一问题的自身解决方案。它们的翅膀上有着复杂的图案和结构，从而在它们的背部形成了看起来像第二个脑袋的形状。)”可知，在第一段中提到了“化妆师”这个概念是为了介绍一种进化上的技巧。故选C。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Previousstudieshaveshownthesefalseheadshelpconfusehunters:Damagetothebackendofabutterfly’swingsnearthefalseheadhaslessimpactonvitalbehaviorssuchasflyingandmatingthandamagetothebutterfly’srealhead.(此前的研究表明，这些假头会干扰猎食者：蝴蝶翅膀后端（靠近假头的部分）受到损伤对诸如飞行和交配等关键行为的影响要小于蝴蝶真实头部所受的损伤。)”可知，以往的研究会关注假头的防御功能。故选C。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“EvolutionaryecologistsatIISERbeganbyanalyzingimagesofnearly1,000speciesofbutterfliesandmarkinghowmanyofthefalseheadtraitseachspeciesexhibited.Theresearchersthenconstructedaphylogenetictree(系统树),whichallowedthemtovisualizehowcloselyrelatedfalse-headedspeciesweretooneanother,aswellashoweachofthetraitsevolvedovertime.(印度科学研究院的进化生态学家们首先对近1000种蝴蝶的图片进行了分析，并记录了每种蝴蝶表现出的假头部特征的数量。随后，他们构建了一个系统树，借此能够直观地看出假头部特征的蝴蝶种类之间的亲缘关系有多紧密，以及这些特征是如何随时间演变而形成的。)”可知，印度科学研究院的研究人员在此次研究中重建了特征演变的历史。故选B。【35题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Seeminglytofakeouthunters,manybutterflieshavefoundtheirownsolutionstothisproblem,withcomplicatedpatternsandstructuresontheirwingsthatcreatewhatlooklikesecondheadsontheirbacksides.Now,inanewstudy,researchersattheIndianInstitutesofScienceEducationandResearch(IISER)divedeeperintotheoriginsofthese“falseheads”.(似乎是为了骗过捕食者，许多蝴蝶找到了应对这一问题的自身解决方案。它们的翅膀上有着复杂的图案和结构，从而在它们的背部形成了看起来像第二个脑袋的形状。如今，在一项新的研究中，印度科学研究院（IISER）的研究人员进一步探究了这些“假脑袋”的起源。)”以及文章主要说明了蝴蝶进化出假头迷惑捕食者，研究者通过分析蝴蝶物种、构建系统树，追溯假头特征的进化历程，揭示其为生存的进化适应。可知，A选项“为了生存？伪造第二头”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nowadays,meaningfullyconnectingwithnewpeopleisnomeanachievement.Fromthedeclineoftheofficetotheriseofsingle-occupancyflats,oursociallivesarebeingtakenawayfromus.____36____Theiradspromotethesafetyandconvenienceofstayinghomeandnotseeingortalkingtoanotherhuman.Itwasn’talwayslikethis.____37____You’llseecafesandnightclubsandbusesandtrainsfilledwithlifeandconversation.Peopletalktooneanother.Loudlyandproudly,theyjusttalk.____38____So,ItrieditoutoneveryoneImet,fromneighborsandshopkeeperstohospitalityworkersandgroupsofstrangersincafesandpubs.____39____IrememberbeingattractedintooneofGail’sbakeriesbythebackgroundmusictheyplayed.Iwalkedovertothebaker.Ipointedupwards.“Areyouguysresponsibleforthisplaylist?”Anod.“Ah,great,loveit”Hesmilesthinlyandnodsapolite“goodbye”,whicheveryoneknowsmeans:“GOAWAYIMMEDIATELY,PLEASE.”YetpersistencepaidoffwhentheicewasfinallybrokenbyGraham,afellowresidentofmylittleneighborhood.Wegotchattingonedaywhilehewassmokingonhisdoorstep.Imentionedbeingawriter,andhepaused,takingalongdragonhiscigarette,andsaid,“Wordsaretothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.”Thatprofoundinsightimmediatelyopenedachannelbetweenus.____40____Thoseencounters,bornfrom