【高考新风向】专题一语法填空-有提示词语法填空1-英语二轮总复习讲义学生版

专题一语法填空有提示词语法填空——名词、代词、形容词、副词【题型把握】语篇语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10写空白处所需要的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词，词，代词，冠词，主谓一致，语态，等来判断各填空处应填写的内容。一般分为两种类型，有提示词的和无提示词的语法填空，本讲义着重讲解有提示词的语法填空相关的技巧。【知识导图】【解题技巧】有提示词的解题技巧技巧1.首先分析该空的句子成分，再确定词性和词形。技巧2.句中谓语缺失，要考虑时态和语态，主谓一致。技巧3.todo,doing,done.技巧4.形容词和副词最常考，词性变换和级别最重要。一、考点1:提示词为名词的词形变化【解题步骤】（1）看是否有提示词（2语、定语、状语、补语等。（3）单数变复是重点，词性转换是关键（4）定语名词常变格，固定搭配意当先【知识清单】1.名词的单复数若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数：(1)有数词或these,those,several,many,all,both,various,numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。(2)名词前有oneof时用名词复数形式。(3)若谓语动词是复数形式，且空处作主语，则空处应填名词复数形式。child→childrenman→menwoman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet等。名词变复数的六种变化形式：一般情况下，在词尾book→books,mouth→mouths,house→houses,girl→girls直接加－s以－sxchsh尾加－esglass→glasses,box→boxes,match→matches,brush→brushes以辅音字母＋－y结尾的名词，变y为i再加－escity→cities,country→countries,party→parties,factory→factoriesradio→radios,zoo→zoos,piano→pianos,kilo→kilos,photo→photos加－es的有：hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoesself→selves,life→lives,thief→thieves,wife→wives,knife→knives,leaf→leaves,shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,half→halves以－o结尾的名词常在词尾加－s以－f，－fe结尾的f或fe为v再加－es直接加－s的有：roof→roofs，belief→beliefs等2.名词的所有格提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。(1)单数名词和不以－s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加－’s。(2)以－s或－es结尾的复数名词，所有格形式为－s’或－es’。3.名词转换成形容词提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。熟记名词变形容词的后缀：(1)n.＋－able→adj.ꢀhonor→honorable(2)n.＋－al→adj.nature→natural(3)n.＋－ful→adj.colour→colourful(4)n.＋－en→adj.wood→wooden(5)n.＋－y→adj.wealth→wealthy4.名词转换成动词提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前/后缀：(1)en－：courage→encouragedanger→endanger(2)－en：strength→strengthen(3)－ize：apology→apologize【专项练习】1．Thegiantpandaisoneoftheworld'smostadoredandprotectedrare________(animal).2．Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe________(season)，plantingattherighttimeandindryareasmakinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.3．A________(student)collegeexperienceishisorherown,andthestudentmustputhisorhereducationfirst.4．Judgeswillchooseupto____________(honor)mentionwinners，whowilleachreceiveaT－shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.5．Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto____________(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.【高考真题】1.（2022全国乙卷）AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.2.（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas.3.（2022年新高考I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate______(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,and______(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.4.（2022年全国乙卷）AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe（largetea-producingcountry,Chinahasa______（responsible）toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.62021全国乙卷）________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.72021全国甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand________(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeople.82021Whydowedream？Scientistscompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse________(idea)．92019新高考I卷）Leadingtoa________(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.二、考点2:提示词为代词的词形变化【解题思路】（1）人称你我他（2）所指单复数（3）反身代词法（4）名词为谁物（5）it的固定句型，不定代词备注：代词分为不定代词、复合代词、反身代词、指示代词和it。代词的选择取决于代词在句中所作的成分以及所代指的人或物。如果句中缺主语，则填代词的主格形式；如果句中缺宾语，则填代词的宾格形式；如果句中缺形式主语或形式宾语，则填it；如果句中主语和宾语相同，则填反身代词。【知识清单】1.根据所指对象或根据所作成分提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。1．分析句子结构，发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词主格(I,we,you,he等)形式。2．分析句子结构，发现提示词作宾语时，应考虑人称代词宾格(me,us,him等)形式。3．分析句子结构，发现提示词作定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(our,my,your等)。4．分析句子结构，发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词(myself,yourself,itself等)。2.人称代词、物主代词与反身代词ꢀꢀ人称单数复数第一人第二人第三人第一人第二人第三人类别ꢀꢀ人主称格称称称he/she/it称称称Iyouweyouyoutheythem代宾meyouhim/herus词格形/it容物词his/her/itsmyyourouryourtheir主性代名词his/hers/its词mineyoursoursyourstheirs性himself反身代词yoursel/herselourselvyourselthemselmyselfff/esvesvesitself3.代词的句法功能(1)作主语：人称代词主格(I,we,you,he等)。(2)作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me,us,him,them,it等)、名词性物主代词(ours,mine,yours,its等)。(3)作定语：形容词性物主代词(our,my,your,their等)。(4)如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself,yourself,itself等)。(5)填it(6)that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。【专项练习】1.Donothaveadrinkortakedrugstocalm____________(you)down.2.Iwouldappreciate__________ifyoucanrecommendapenpaltome.3.Nervously______(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto______(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.4.Alwayskeep__________inmindthatameasureofhopewilltakeyouthroughtheunpleasantsituation.5.Putting__________(you)intheotherperson’sshoesmayhelpyoufindouttheproblem.6.Anyway,formoreandmoreconsumers,cashisnolonger__________(they)habit.7.Thewholeperformanceisstagedentirelyuponthelake__________(it)withhillsasthebackground.8．Jiang’sparentswillhelptakecareofJiang’sdaughter,andastheyage,Jiangandhiswifewillhelptakecareof__________(they).【高考真题】1.(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourismhas____________(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.2．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Aswellaslookingatexhibits，visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine____________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.3．(2020·北京卷)Sherecognized____________(I)potentialandshowedmethatIcouldwritewithcreativityandenthusiasm.4．(2019·北京卷)SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervouslyfacingchallenges，IknowIwillwhisperto____________(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”．5．(全国卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind____________(they)alive.Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature，thehugeanimalmeantmenorealharm.三、考点3:提示词为形容词或副词的词形变化【解题思路】分析空格定词性，是形是副先敲定，比较等级看语境，词性转换依章程。【知识清单】1.形容词的词性转换分析句子结构，发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词或名词。(1)若空格处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑填副词形式。(2)若空格处在介词或形容词后，应考虑名词作宾语。(3)若空格处作主语或宾语，应考虑填名词形式。2.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un－，im－，dis－等)或否定后缀(－less)变为反义词。3.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级(1)利用标志词确定比较等级①题目中有much,far,still,even,rather,alittle,abit,alot,agreatdeal,than等标志性词汇时用比较级。②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。③设空前有oneofthe，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。(2)利用固定句型“the＋比较级．..the＋比较级．..”表示“越……越……”。(3)利用隐含信息判断句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。【专项练习】1．Runningischeap,easyandit’salways_________(energy).2．Hescreamsthe_________(loud)ofall.3．It’s_________(wonder).4．Untilhepassedawayin1961,MeihadbeenencouragingthespreadofPekingOperaforalmost60years.Thislifelongdevotionhasmadehimoneofthe____________(great)PekingOperaartistsofalltime.5．Themorestepspeoplewalked,the____________(low)theirriskofdyingwas,beforelevelingoffataround7，500stepsperday.6．NHSfiguresrevealedthatthenumberofyoungsterstakentoChildandAdolescentMentalHealthServiceswas4，615per100，000—the____________(high)onrecord.6．ThedocumentarycomparedDutoShakespearetohelpaudiences____________(well)understandthepoet’sgreatachievementsinliterature.【高考真题】1.(2022年浙江卷1月)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,__________(rough)200academics-manyofthemclimatescientistshavepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.22020年浙江卷1月）Thisis_________(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.3．(2021年北京卷)Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould__________(safe)waitforthepolicetotakeherhome．42022新高考I卷）Themaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and_________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.（2022年全国甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears.Caohaswalkedthrough345．countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s______(high)mountain.62022全国乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe_________(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.72022全国甲卷）andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s_________(high)mountain.82022全国甲卷）Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore_________(meaning).专题一语法填空有提示词语法填空——名词、代词、形容词、副词【题型把握】语篇语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10写空白处所需要的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词，词，代词，冠词，主谓一致，语态，等来判断各填空处应填写的内容。一般分为两种类型，有提示词的和无提示词的语法填空，本讲义着重讲解有提示词的语法填空相关的技巧。【知识导图】【解题技巧】有提示词的解题技巧技巧1.首先分析该空的句子成分，再确定词性和词形。技巧2.句中谓语缺失，要考虑时态和语态，主谓一致。技巧3.todo,doing,done.技巧4.形容词和副词最常考，词性变换和级别最重要。一、考点1:提示词为名词的词形变化【解题步骤】（1）看是否有提示词（2语、定语、状语、补语等。（3）单数变复是重点，词性转换是关键（4）定语名词常变格，固定搭配意当先【知识清单】1.名词的单复数若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数：(1)有数词或these,those,several,many,all,both,various,numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。(2)名词前有oneof时用名词复数形式。(3)若谓语动词是复数形式，且空处作主语，则空处应填名词复数形式。child→childrenman→menwoman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet等。名词变复数的六种变化形式：一般情况下，在词尾book→books,mouth→mouths,house→houses,girl→girls直接加－s以－sxchsh尾加－esglass→glasses,box→boxes,match→matches,brush→brushes以辅音字母＋－y结尾的名词，变y为i再加－escity→cities,country→countries,party→parties,factory→factoriesradio→radios,zoo→zoos,piano→pianos,kilo→kilos,photo→photos加－es的有：hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoesself→selves,life→lives,thief→thieves,wife→wives,knife→knives,leaf→leaves,shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,half→halves以－o结尾的名词常在词尾加－s以－f，－fe结尾的f或fe为v再加－es直接加－s的有：roof→roofs，belief→beliefs等2.名词的所有格提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。(1)单数名词和不以－s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加－’s。(2)以－s或－es结尾的复数名词，所有格形式为－s’或－es’。3.名词转换成形容词提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。熟记名词变形容词的后缀：(1)n.＋－able→adj.ꢀhonor→honorable(2)n.＋－al→adj.nature→natural(3)n.＋－ful→adj.colour→colourful(4)n.＋－en→adj.wood→wooden(5)n.＋－y→adj.wealth→wealthy4.名词转换成动词提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前/后缀：(1)en－：courage→encouragedanger→endanger(2)－en：strength→strengthen(3)－ize：apology→apologize【专项练习】1．Thegiantpandaisoneoftheworld'smostadoredandprotectedrare________(animal).2．Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe________(season)，plantingattherighttimeandindryareasmakinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.3．A________(student)collegeexperienceishisorherown,andthestudentmustputhisorhereducationfirst.4．Judgeswillchooseupto____________(honor)mentionwinners，whowilleachreceiveaT－shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.5．Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto____________(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.【高考真题】1.（2022全国乙卷）AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.2.（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas.3.（2022年新高考I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate______(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,and______(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.4.（2022年全国乙卷）AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe（largetea-producingcountry,Chinahasa______（responsible）toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.62021全国乙卷）________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.72021全国甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand________(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeople.82021Whydowedream？Scientistscompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse________(idea)．92019新高考I卷）Leadingtoa________(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.二、考点2:提示词为代词的词形变化【解题思路】（1）人称你我他（2）所指单复数（3）反身代词法（4）名词为谁物（5）it的固定句型，不定代词备注：代词分为不定代词、复合代词、反身代词、指示代词和it。代词的选择取决于代词在句中所作的成分以及所代指的人或物。如果句中缺主语，则填代词的主格形式；如果句中缺宾语，则填代词的宾格形式；如果句中缺形式主语或形式宾语，则填it；如果句中主语和宾语相同，则填反身代词。【知识清单】1.根据所指对象或根据所作成分提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。1．分析句子结构，发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词主格(I,we,you,he等)形式。2．分析句子结构，发现提示词作宾语时，应考虑人称代词宾格(me,us,him等)形式。3．分析句子结构，发现提示词作定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(our,my,your等)。4．分析句子结构，发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词(myself,yourself,itself等)。2.人称代词、物主代词与反身代词ꢀꢀ人称单数复数第一人第二人第三人第一人第二人第三人类别ꢀꢀ人主称格称称称he/she/it称称称Iyouweyouyoutheythem代宾meyouhim/herus词格形/it容物词his/her/itsmyyourouryourtheir主性代名词his/hers/its词mineyoursoursyourstheirs性himself反身代词yoursel/herselourselvyourselthemselmyselfff/esvesvesitself3.代词的句法功能(1)作主语：人称代词主格(I,we,you,he等)。(2)作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me,us,him,them,it等)、名词性物主代词(ours,mine,yours,its等)。(3)作定语：形容词性物主代词(our,my,your,their等)。(4)如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself,yourself,itself等)。(5)填it(6)that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。【专项练习】1.Donothaveadrinkortakedrugstocalm____________(you)down.2.Iwouldappreciate__________ifyoucanrecommendapenpaltome.3.Nervously______(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto______(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.4.Alwayskeep__________inmindthatameasureofhopewilltakeyouthroughtheunpleasantsituation.5.Putting__________(you)intheotherperson’sshoesmayhelpyoufindouttheproblem.6.Anyway,formoreandmoreconsumers,cashisnolonger__________(they)habit.7.Thewholeperformanceisstagedentirelyuponthelake__________(it)withhillsasthebackground.8．Jiang’sparentswillhelptakecareofJiang’sdaughter,andastheyage,Jiangandhiswifewillhelptakecareof__________(they).【高考真题】1.(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourismhas____________(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.2．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Aswellaslookingatexhibits，visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine____________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.3．(2020·北京卷)Sherecognized____________(I)potentialandshowedmethatIcouldwritewithcreativityandenthusiasm.4．(2019·北京卷)SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervouslyfacingchallenges，IknowIwillwhisperto____________(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”．5．(全国卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind____________(they)alive.Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature，thehugeanimalmeantmenorealharm.三、考点3:提示词为形容词或副词的词形变化【解题思路】分析空格定词性，是形是副先敲定，比较等级看语境，词性转换依章程。【知识清单】1.形容词的词性转换分析句子结构，发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词或名词。(1)若空格处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑填副词形式。(2)若空格处在介词或形容词后，应考虑名词作宾语。(3)若空格处作主语或宾语，应考虑填名词形式。2.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un－，im－，dis－等)或否定后缀(－less)变为反义词。3.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级(1)利用标志词确定比较等级①题目中有much,far,still,even,rather,alittle,abit,alot,agreatdeal,than等标志性词汇时用比较级。②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。③设空前有oneofthe，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。(2)利用固定句型“the＋比较级．..the＋比较级．..”表示“越……越……”。(3)利用隐含信息判断句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。【专项练习】1．Runningischeap,easyandit’salways_________(energy).2．Hescreamsthe_________(loud)ofall.3．It’s_________(wonder).4．Untilhepassedawayin1961,MeihadbeenencouragingthespreadofPekingOperaforalmost60years.Thislifelo